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Glass catfish ( Kryptopterus vitreolus) are notable in the aquarium trade for their highly transparent body pattern. This transparency is due to the loss of most reflective iridophores and light-absorbing melanophores in the main body, although certain black and silver pigments remain in the face and head. To date, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transparent phenotype remain largely unknown. To explore the genetic basis of this transparency, we constructed a chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly for the glass catfish, encompassing 32 chromosomes and 23 344 protein-coding genes, using PacBio and Hi-C sequencing technologies and standard assembly and annotation pipelines. Analysis revealed a premature stop codon in the putative albinism-related tyrp1b gene, encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1, rendering it a nonfunctional pseudogene. Notably, a synteny comparison with over 30 other fish species identified the loss of the endothelin-3 ( edn3b) gene in the glass catfish genome. To investigate the role of edn3b, we generated edn3b -/- mutant zebrafish, which exhibited a remarkable reduction in black pigments in body surface stripes compared to wild-type zebrafish. These findings indicate that edn3b loss contributes to the transparent phenotype of the glass catfish. Our high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly and identification of key genes provide important molecular insights into the transparent phenotype of glass catfish. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying transparency in glass catfish, but also offer a valuable genetic resource for further research on pigmentation in various animal species.
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Bagres , Genoma , Animales , Bagres/genética , Fenotipo , Cromosomas/genética , Pigmentación/genéticaRESUMEN
Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis), pivotal in the study of photosynthesis, endosymbiosis, and chloroplast development, is also an industrial microalga for paramylon production. Despite its importance, E. gracilis genome exploration faces challenges due to its intricate nature. In this study, we achieved a chromosome-level de novo assembly (2.37 Gb) using Illumina, PacBio, Bionano, and Hi-C data. The assembly exhibited a contig N50 of 619 Kb and scaffold N50 of 1.12 Mb, indicating superior continuity. Approximately 99.83% of the genome was anchored to 46 chromosomes, revealing structural insights. Repetitive elements constituted 58.84% of the sequences. Functional annotations were assigned to 39,362 proteins, enhancing interpretative power. BUSCO analysis confirmed assembly completeness at 80.39%. This first high-quality E. gracilis genome offers insights for genetics and genomics studies, overcoming previous limitations. The impact extends to academic and industrial research, providing a foundational resource.
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Euglena gracilis , Euglena gracilis/genética , Cromosomas , Microalgas/genética , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , GlucanosRESUMEN
Monitoring air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, which refers to fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or smaller, has become a focal point of environmental protection efforts worldwide. This study introduces the concept of state-trend awareness, which is widely employed in big data analytics to enhance global threat identification, understanding, and response capabilities. We applied this approach to the prediction of PM2.5, utilizing its capacity to provide holistic insights and support decisions in dynamic environments. We conducted in-depth analyses of extensive historical data to forecast the future concentration trends. By combining a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network with a bagging ensemble learning algorithm, our developed model demonstrated superior accuracy and generalization compared to those of traditional LSTM and support vector machine (SVM) methods, reducing errors relative to SVM-LSTM by 12%. We further introduced interval prediction to address forecasting uncertainties, not only providing a specific PM2.5 but also forecasting the probability ranges of its variations. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in improving the prediction accuracy, enhancing model generalization, and reducing overfitting, thereby offering a robust analytical tool for environmental monitoring and public health decision-making.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Material Particulado , Material Particulado/análisis , Incertidumbre , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/estadística & datos numéricos , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , PredicciónRESUMEN
Although machine learning methods have enabled considerable progress in air quality assessment, challenges persist regarding data privacy, cross-regional data processing, and model generalization. To address these issues, we introduce an advanced federated Bayesian network (FBN) approach. By integrating federated learning, adaptive optimization algorithms, and homomorphic encryption technologies, we substantially enhanced the efficiency and security of cross-regional air quality data processing. The novelty of this research lies in the improvements implemented in federated learning for air quality data analysis, particularly in distributed model training optimization and data consistency. Through the integration of adaptive structural modification strategies and simulated annealing immune optimization algorithms, we markedly enhanced the structural learning accuracy of the Bayesian network, resulting in a 20% improvement in prediction accuracy. Moreover, employing homomorphic encryption ensured data transmission security and confidentiality. In our Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei case study, our method demonstrated a 15% improvement in air quality classification accuracy compared to conventional methods and exhibited superior interpretability in analyzing environmental factor interactions. We quantified complex air pollution patterns across regions and found that a 30% fluctuation in the air quality index correlated with NO2 concentrations. We also observed a moderate positive correlation between specific pollutant indicators in Hebei Province and Tianjin and changes in air quality. Additionally, the FBN exhibited better operational efficiency and data confidentiality than other machine learning models in handling large-scale and multisource environmental data. Our FBN approach presents a novel perspective for environmental monitoring and assessment, vital for understanding complex air pollution patterns and formulating future ecological protection policies.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Teorema de Bayes , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Contaminación del Aire/estadística & datos numéricos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , China , Aprendizaje Automático , Beijing , AlgoritmosRESUMEN
Hemibagrus guttatus, also named as spotted longbarbel catfish, is an economical fish in China. However, their gender cannot be easily distinguished from their appearance, which largely impedes their artificial breeding. Therefore, we provided two gap-free chromosome-level genomes of male and female spotted longbarbel catfish by combining wtdbg2, LR_Gapcloser and TGS-GapCloser assembly approaches with Hi-C data and accurate Pacbio HiFi long-reads. We assembled 30 chromosomes without any gap. Their genome sizes are approximately 749.1 Mb and 747.8 Mb of male and female individuals. The completeness results of BUSCO evaluation show about 94.2% and 95.0%, representing a high-level of completeness of both genomes. We also obtained 35,277 and 34,571 protein-coding gene sets from male and female individuals. Both available gap-free chromosome-level genomes of H. guttatus will provide excellent references for resequencing of male and female individuals to identify accurate markers for distinguishing gender of this fish.
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Bagres , Cromosomas , Genoma , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Bagres/genéticaRESUMEN
Phosphorus and nitrogen are important elements in both environmental cycles and biological growth, and their imbalance can lead to serious environmental and biological problems. It is important to be able to monitor the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in the water online. In this paper, a bifunctional boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode with repeatable electrochemical renewal and modification ability has been developed and used as a shared working electrode for the determination of nitrate and phosphate. First, phosphate can be detected directly with a bare BDD electrode. After a thin copper (Cu) layer was electrodeposited on the BDD electrode, nitrate could be determined. The copper layer is then removed under a positive voltage, and the BDD electrode is renewed and can be used again for phosphate detection. This method enables the detection of both phosphate and nitrate while also improving the stability and repeatability through the renewal of the electrode surface. The segmented linear ranges for phosphate were 0.02-0.4 and 0.4-3 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.004 mg/L. The sensor detected nitrate in a wide concentration range, with segmented linear relationships in the ranges of 0.07-3 and 3-100 mg/L, with a detection limit of 0.065 mg/L. The electrochemical sensor based on the BDD electrode has a good reproducibility for phosphate and nitrate detection. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the current responses were 2.98, 2.79, 1.66, 1.81, and 1.23%, respectively, for 35 consecutive tests in 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L phosphate solution. The RSD values of the current responses were 2.00, 0.97, and 1.03%, respectively, for 25 consecutive tests in 5, 7, and 10 mg/L nitrate solution.
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This paper describes an electrochemical sensor based on a Cu-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the detection of nitrate-contaminated water. The sensor utilizes the catalytic effect of copper on nitrate and the stability of the BDD electrode. By optimizing the electrolyte system, the linear detection range was expanded, allowing the sensor to detect highly concentrated nitrate samples up to 100 mg/L with a low detection limit of 0.065 mg/L. Additionally, the stability of the sensor was improved. The relative standard deviation of the current responses during 25 consecutive tests was only 1.03%. The wide detection range and high stability of the sensor makes it suitable for field applications and the on-site monitoring of nitrate-contaminated waters.
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Asia arowana (Scleropages formosus) is an ornamental fish with high economic value, while its sex determination mechanism is still poorly understood. By far, no morphological evidence or molecular marker has been developed for effective distinguishment of genders, which poses a critical challenge to our captive breeding efforts. In this study, we sequenced gonadal transcriptomes of adult Asian arowanas and revealed differential expression profiling of sex-related genes. Based on the comparative transcriptomics analysis of testes (n = 3) and ovaries (n = 3), we identified a total of 8,872 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 18,490 differentially expressed transposable elements (TEs) between male and female individuals. Interestingly, the expression of TEs usually has been more significantly testis-biased than related coding genes. As expected, several genes related to females (such as foxl2 and cyp19a1a) are significantly transcribed in the ovary, and some genes related to male gonad development (such as dmrt1, gsdf and amh) are highly expressed in the testis. This sexual dimorphism is valuable for ascertaining the differential expression patterns of sex-related genes and enriching the genetic resources of this economically important species. These valuable genetic materials thereby provide instructive references for gender identification and one-to-one breeding practices so as to expand fish numbers for a rapid elevation of economic value.
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An electrochemical sensor based on a thin-layer flow cell and a boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode was fabricated for heavy metal ions determination using anodic stripping voltammetry. Furthermore, a fluidic automatic detection system was developed. With the wide potential window of the BDD electrode, Zn2+ with high negative stripping potential was detected by this system. Due to the thin-layer and fluidic structure of the sensor system, the electrodepositon efficiency for heavy metal ions were improved without using conventional stirring devices. With a short deposition time of 60 s, the system consumed only 0.75 mL reagent per test. A linear relationship for Zn2+ determination was displayed ranging from 10 µg/L to 150 µg/L with a sensitivity of 0.1218 µA·L·µg-1 and a detection limit of 2.1 µg/L. A high repeatability was indicated from the relative standard deviation of 1.60% for 30 repeated current responses of zinc solution. The system was applied to determine Zn2+ in real water samples by using the standard addition method with the recoveries ranging from 92% to 118%. The system was also used for the simultaneous detection of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. The detection results indicate its potential application in on-site monitoring for mutiple heavy metal ions.
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Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are usually considered as extreme environments with high pressure, high temperature, scarce food, and chemical toxicity, while many local inhabitants have evolved special adaptive mechanisms for residence in this representative ecosystem. In this study, we constructed a high-quality genome assembly for a novel deep-sea anemone species (Actinostola sp.) that was resident at a depth of 2,971 m in an Edmond vent along the central Indian Ocean ridge, with a total size of 424.3 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 383 kb. The assembled genome contained 265 Mb of repetitive sequences and 20,812 protein-coding genes. Taken together, our reference genome provides a valuable genetic resource for exploring the evolution and adaptive clues of this deep-sea anemone.
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Genoma , Anémonas de Mar , Animales , Ecosistema , Respiraderos Hidrotermales , Anémonas de Mar/genética , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Mudskippers are a large group of amphibious fishes that have developed many morphological and physiological capacities to live on land. Genomics comparisons of chromosome-level genome assemblies of three representative mudskippers, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (BP), Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus (PM) and P. modestus (PMO), may be able to provide novel insights into the water-to-land evolution and adaptation. METHODS: Two chromosome-level genome assemblies for BP and PM were respectively sequenced by an integration of PacBio, Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing. A series of standard assembly and annotation pipelines were subsequently performed for both mudskippers. We also re-annotated the PMO genome, downloaded from NCBI, to obtain a redundancy-reduced annotation. Three-way comparative analyses of the three mudskipper genomes in a large scale were carried out to discover detailed genomic differences, such as different gene sizes, and potential chromosomal fission and fusion events. Comparisons of several representative gene families among the three amphibious mudskippers and some other teleosts were also performed to find some molecular clues for terrestrial adaptation. RESULTS: We obtained two high-quality haplotype genome assemblies with 23 and 25 chromosomes for BP and PM respectively. We also found two specific chromosome fission events in PM. Ancestor chromosome analysis has discovered a common fusion event in mudskipper ancestor. This fusion was then retained in all the three mudskipper species. A loss of some SCPP (secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein) genes were identified in the three mudskipper genomes, which could lead to reduction of scales for a part-time terrestrial residence. The loss of aanat1a gene, encoding an important enzyme (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 1a, AANAT1a) for dopamine metabolism and melatonin biosynthesis, was confirmed in PM but not in PMO (as previously reported existence in BP), suggesting a better air vision of PM than both PMO and BP. Such a tiny variation within the genus Periophthalmus exemplifies to prove a step-by-step evolution for the mudskippers' water-to-land adaptation. CONCLUSION: These high-quality mudskipper genome assemblies will become valuable genetic resources for in-depth discovery of genomic evolution for the terrestrial adaptation of amphibious fishes.
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Perciformes , Agua , Animales , Genómica , Peces/genética , Perciformes/genética , CromosomasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The deep-sea snail Phymorhynchus buccinoides belongs to the genus Phymorhynchus (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae), and it is a dominant specie in the cold seep habitat. As the environment of the cold seep is characterized by darkness, hypoxia and high concentrations of toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), exploration of the diverse fauna living around cold seeps will help to uncover the adaptive mechanisms to this unique habitat. In the present study, a chromosome-level genome of P. buccinoides was constructed and a series of genomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to explore its molecular adaptation mechanisms to the cold seep environments. RESULTS: The assembled genome size of the P. buccinoides was approximately 2.1 Gb, which is larger than most of the reported snail genomes, possibly due to the high proportion of repetitive elements. About 92.0% of the assembled base pairs of contigs were anchored to 34 pseudo-chromosomes with a scaffold N50 size of 60.0 Mb. Compared with relative specie in the shallow water, the glutamate regulative and related genes were expanded in P. buccinoides, which contributes to the acclimation to hypoxia and coldness. Besides, the relatively high mRNA expression levels of the olfactory/chemosensory genes in osphradium indicate that P. buccinoides might have evolved a highly developed and sensitive olfactory organ for its orientation and predation. Moreover, the genome and transcriptome analyses demonstrate that P. buccinoides has evolved a sulfite-tolerance mechanism by performing H2S detoxification. Many genes involved in H2S detoxification were highly expressed in ctenidium and hepatopancreas, suggesting that these tissues might be critical for H2S detoxification and sulfite tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our report of this chromosome-level deep-sea snail genome provides a comprehensive genomic basis for the understanding of the adaptation strategy of P. buccinoides to the extreme environment at the deep-sea cold seeps.
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Ecosistema , Caracoles , Animales , Caracoles/genética , Cromosomas , Hipoxia , Sulfitos , FilogeniaRESUMEN
This study investigated the grouped and individualized load-velocity profile (GLVP vs. ILVP) in Bulgarian split squat using Smith machine and free weight. Seventy five recreational male lifters completed two incremental loading tests of Bulgarian split squat. Mean velocity was measured by a linear-position transducer (GymAware). Linear regression equation was applied to construct the GLVP and ILVP. The agreement of predicted %1RM and measured %1RM was assessed by a combination of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurement (SEM) and Bland-Altman analysis. Acceptable validity was defined as ICC > 0.75, CV ≤ 10% and p ≥ 0.05 (a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). A very high level of inverse load-velocity relationships were demonstrated in Bulgarian split squat (r = - 0.92) with free weights and a Smith machine. ILVP (ICC ≥ 0.98, CV ≤ 8.73%, p ≥ 0.56) was valid enough to predict the %1RM, but GLVP of both limbs revealed large CVs in free weights (CV: 15.4%,15.63%) and a Smith machine (CV: 11.24%, 12.25%). Cross-validation between the actual %1RM and predicted %1RM using free weights and a Smith machine ILVP was not acceptable (p ≤ 0.03, CV ≥ 14.07%). A very high level of inverse relationship were observed between %1RM and MV in Bulgarian split squat using free weights and a Smith machine, indicating individualized load velocity properties, and the ILVP showed high between-devices variability in both scenarios. Using velocity as a measure of loading intensity in Bulgarian split squat needs to consider the individualized load velocity properties, and difference between free weights and a Smith machine.
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Extremidades , Obreros Metalúrgicos , Masculino , Humanos , Bulgaria , Correlación de Datos , Modelos LinealesRESUMEN
The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis can synthesize high amounts of astaxanthin, which is a valuable antioxidant that has been utilized in human health, cosmetics, and aquaculture. To illustrate detailed molecular clues to astaxanthin yield, we performed PacBio HIFI along with Hi-C sequencing to construct an improved chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly with 32 chromosomes and a genome size of 316.0 Mb. Its scaffold N50 (942.6 kb) and contig N50 (304.8 kb) have been upgraded remarkably from our previous genome draft, and a total of 32,416 protein-coding genes were predicted. We also established a high-evidence phylogenetic tree from seven representative algae species, with the main aim to calculate their divergence times and identify expanded/contracted gene families. We also characterized genome-wide localizations on chromosomes of some important genes such as five BKTs (encoding beta-carotene ketolases) that are putatively involved in astaxanthin production. In summary, we reported the first chromosome-scale map of H. pluvialis, which provides a valuable genetic resource for in-depth biomedical investigations on this momentous green alga and commercial astaxanthin bioproduction.
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Chlorophyta , Microalgas , Humanos , Chlorophyta/genética , Cromosomas , Microalgas/genética , Filogenia , GenomaRESUMEN
Due to potentially hostile behaviors and elusive habitats, moray eels (Muraenidae) as one group of apex predators in coral reefs all across the globe have not been well investigated. Here, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly for the representative Reeve's moray eel (Gymnothorax reevesii). This haplotype genome assembly is 2.17 Gb in length, and 97.87% of the sequences are anchored into 21 chromosomes. It contains 56.34% repetitive sequences and 23,812 protein-coding genes, of which 96.77% are functionally annotated. This sequenced marine species in Anguilliformes makes a good complement to the genetic resource of eel genomes. It not only provides a genetic resource for in-depth studies of the Reeve's moray eel, but also enables deep-going genomic comparisons among various eels.
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Anguilas , Genoma , Animales , Cromosomas/genética , Arrecifes de Coral , Anguilas/genética , GenómicaRESUMEN
As a highly toxic heavy metal ion, mercury ion (Hg2+) pollution has caused serious harm to the environment and human health. In this paper, 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPY) was selected as the sensing material and decorated on the surface of a gold electrode. Trace Hg2+ could be detected by both differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The proposed sensor displayed a wide detection range from 0.01 µg/L to 500 µg/L with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.002 µg/L by EIS measurements. Combined with molecular simulations and electrochemical analyses, the chelating mechanism between Hg2+ and 4-MPY was explored. Through the analysis of binding energy (BE) values and stability constants, 4-MPY showed an excellent selectivity for Hg2+. In the presence of Hg2+, the coordination of Hg2+ with the pyridine nitrogen of 4-MPY was generated at the sensing region, which caused a change in the electrochemical activity of the electrode surface. Due to the strong specific binding capability, the proposed sensor featured excellent selectivity and an anti-interference capability. Furthermore, the practicality of the sensor for Hg2+ detection was validated with the samples of tap water and pond water, which demonstrated its potential application for on-site environmental detection.
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Supplementation with Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) has beneficial effects on aquatic animals. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of APS on the growth, innate immune response, and brain-gut axis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The molecular weight and the monosaccharide composition of APS were analyzed. APS were added at concentration of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 % in practical diets. Growth performance increased significantly under 0.05 to 0.20 % APS, with enhanced lipase and protease activities in intestinal tissues. Prawns receiving APS supplementation had significantly lower amounts of pathogenic intestinal bacteria (Vibrio and Aeromonas) and a markedly different microbial community structure compared with those of the control group. The fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid contents increased in the brains of prawns receiving APS, which was potentially associated with increased Lactobacillus and Bacillus levels. Prawns receiving APS supplementation displayed a significantly enhanced immune function (such as total hemocyte count, total protein concentration, phenoloxidase activity, serum agglutination titer, and lysozyme activity) and improved disease resistance to Vibrio anguillarum compared those in the control group. Thus, dietary APS positively affected the gut-brain axis by altering the microbiota composition, increasing the fecal SCFA content, and enhancing prawn immunity.
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Palaemonidae , Animales , Eje Cerebro-Intestino , Dieta , Inmunidad Innata , Agua DulceRESUMEN
A highly sensitive and accurate dual-signal strategy is developed for trace Cu2+ detection based on the inner filter effect (IFE) between Tween 20-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Tween 20-AuNPs are utilized as colorimetric probes and excellent fluorescent absorbers. The fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS QDs can be quenched efficiently by Tween 20-AuNPs via IFE. In the presence of D-penicillamine, D-penicillamine induces the aggregation of Tween 20-AuNPs and the fluorescent recovery of CdSe/ZnS QDs at high ionic strength. Upon addition of Cu2+, D-penicillamine tends to selectively chelate with Cu2+ and then forms the mixed-valence complexes, which consequently inhibits the aggregation of Tween 20-AuNPs and the fluorescent recovery. The dual-signal method is used to quantitatively detect trace Cu2+, with low detection limits of 0.57 µg/L and 0.36 µg/L for colorimetry and fluorescence, respectively. In addition, the proposed method using a portable spectrometer is applied to the detection of Cu2+ in water. This sensitive, accurate and miniature sensing system has potential in environmental evaluations.
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Wearable sweat electrochemical sensors have attracted wide attention due to their advantages of non-invasive, portable, real-time monitoring, etc. However, existing sensors still have some problems with efficient sweat collection. Microfluidic channel technology and electrospinning technology are commonly used to collect sweat efficiently, but there are some limitations such as complex channel design and multiple spinning parameters. Besides, existing sensors are mostly based on flexible polymers, such as, PET, PDMS, PI and PI, which have limited wearability and permeability. Based on the above, all fabric and dual-function flexible wearable sweat electrochemical sensor is proposed in this paper. This sensor uses fabric as the raw material to implement the directional transport of sweat and the multi-component integrated detection dual functions. Meanwhile, the high-efficiency collection of sweat is obtained by a Janus fabric, wherein one side of the selected silk is superhydrophobic graft treated and the other side is hydrophilic plasma treated. Therefore, the resulting Janus fabric can effectively transfer sweat from the skin side to the electrode, and the minimum sweat droplet can reach 0.2 µL to achieve micro-volume collection. Besides, the patterned sensor, made of silk-based carbon cloth, is fabricated using a simple laser engraving, which could detect Na+, pH, and glucose instantaneously. As a result, these proposed sensors can achieve good sensing performance and high-efficiency sweat collection dual functionality; moreover, it has good flexibility and comfortable wearability.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles , Sudor/química , Textiles , Piel , Seda/análisis , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodosRESUMEN
Ammonia nitrogen is a common contaminant in water and its determination is important for environmental protection. In this paper, an electrochemical sensor based on an ultramicro interdigitated array electrode (UIAE) chip with optimized construction was fabricated with Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology and developed to realize the detection of ammonia nitrogen in water. The effects of spacing-to-width ratio and width of the working electrode on UIAE's electrochemical characteristics and its ammonia nitrogen detection performance were studied by finite element simulation and experiment. The results demonstrated that the smaller the spacing-to-width ratio, the stronger generation-collection effect, and the smaller the electrode width, the stronger the edge effect, which led to an easier steady-state reach, a higher response current, and better ammonia nitrogen determination performance. The fabricated UIAE chip with optimized construction showed the linear detection range of 0.15 mg/L~2.0 mg/L (calculated as N), the sensitivity of 0.4181 µA·L·mg-1, and good anti-interference performance, as well as a long lifetime. UIAE based on bare Pt was successfully applied to ammonia nitrogen detection in water by optimizing structure, which might broaden the methods of ammonia nitrogen detection in water.