Electron scattering from 1-butanol at intermediate impact energies: Total cross sections.

We report experimental measurements of the absolute total cross sections (TCSs) for electron scattering from 1-butanol at impact energies in the range 80-400 eV. Those measurements were conducted by considering the attenuation of a collimated electron beam, at a given energy, through a gas cell containing 1-butanol, at a given pressure, and through application of the Beer-Lambert law to derive the required TCS. We also report theoretical results using the Independent-Atom Model with Screening Corrected Additivity Rule and Interference approach. Those results include the TCS, the elastic integral cross section (ICS), the ionization total ICS, and the sum over all excitation process ICSs with agreement at the TCS level between our measured and calculated results being encouraging.

Identification of bovine tuberculosis biomarkers to detect tuberculin skin test and IFNγ release assay false negative cattle.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important animal and zoonotic disease, which causes severe economic losses. The main focus of this study was to assess the predictive power of previously identified biomarkers of bTB in infected animals that were negative to the tuberculin skin test (TST). We studied 16 animals with bTB, in which the disease was confirmed by necropsy, and 16 healthy animals. The level of expression of ten biomarkers (CXCL9, THBS1, MMP9, IL-22, CXCL10, IFNγ, IL-17, FYVE, CD14, IL-1R) was evaluated by RT-qPCR upon stimulation or not of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with PPDb (purified protein derivative of bovine tuberculin). In this assay, CXCL9, THBS1, MMP9, IL-22 and IFNγ changed their expression level depending on the bTB status. In addition, we evaluated different biomarker candidates simultaneously to infer the animal condition. By performing an analysis with classification trees, we found that the sturdiest combination was IL-22, IFNγ and IL-1R. On the other hand, CXCL10, IFNγ and IL-22's expression distinguished between bTB positive animals that were negative to TST (TST false negative animals) and the bTB negative groups. Thus, these biomarkers are promising candidates to be tested as an ancillary diagnostic assay. In addition, the expression of CXCL10 and IL-22 exhibited also significant differences between the bTB positive animals that were undetectable by IFNγ release assay (IGRA) and TST tests (TST and IGRA false negative animals) and the bTB negative groups. Therefore, CXCL10 and IL-22 constitute candidate biomarkers that could complement the two most widely used diagnostic tests.

Total cross sections for electron scattering by 1-propanol at impact energies in the range 40-500 eV.

Absolute total cross section (TCS) measurements for electron scattering from 1-propanol molecules are reported for impact energies from 40 to 500 eV. These measurements were obtained using a new apparatus developed at Juiz de Fora Federal University-Brazil, which is based on the measurement of the attenuation of a collimated electron beam through a gas cell containing the molecules to be studied at a given pressure. Besides these experimental measurements, we have also calculated TCS using the Independent-Atom Model with Screening Corrected Additivity Rule and Interference (IAM-SCAR+I) approach with the level of agreement between them being typically found to be very good.

Comparación de ortesis para el tratamiento de la artrosis de la base del pulgar / Compare splint for patients with thumb osteoarthritis (OA)

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento de la osteoartritis (OA) tiene como primer objetivo reducir el dolor y mejorar la función de la articulación afectada. La primera indicación para el tratamiento conservador de la rizartrosis es la inmovilización. La intención de inmovilizar es proveer soporte a la articulación carpometacarpiana (CMC) del pulgar mientras se permiten movimientos funcionales de la mano. Hay una variedad de ortesis para el pulgar disponibles, tanto prefabricadas como hechas a medida, y en diferentes tipos de material. Lamentablemente no hay lineamientos específicos del tipo de ortesis adecuada para la OA de la articulación CMC. El abordaje del Terapista Ocupacional incluye la consideración de la utilización de ortesis. Además el Terapista Ocupacional confecciona ortesis termoconformadas hechas a medida. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad de las ortesis termoconformadas inmovilizadoras de las articulaciones CMC y Metacarpofalangica (MCF) del pulgar vs. las ortesis termoconformadas inmovilizadoras de la articulación CMC. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Ensayo clínico no farmacológico de tecnología médica de riesgo no significativo, usando un diseño cruzado de nueve semanas de duración con dos períodos de tratamiento de cuatro semanas cada uno y una semana intermedia de washout (sin ortesis). En el primer período de tratamiento al paciente se le asignó aleatoriamente una ortesis corta o la larga que utilizó durante cuatro semanas y luego de una semana de washout cambió a la otra durante otras cuatro semanas. El estudio se realizó con pacientes derivados consecutivamente asignados al azar a fin de un tratamiento diferente. El dolor se evaluó con la Escala Visual Analógica. (EVA). La capacidad funcional manual se evaluó con la Sub Escala Funcional del Australian Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index versión (AUSCAN; Queensland, Australia), validada al español. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes, 13 (72%) eran de sexo femenino y tenían una mediana (p25-75) edad de 59.00 (55.00-66.50) años. En cuanto al estadio radiológico 1 (5.6%) paciente tenía estadío radiológico Eaton I, 10 (55.6 %) Eaton II, y 7 (38.9%) Eaton III. Siete pacientes (38.9%) comenzaron la intervención con la ortesis corta y 11 (61.1%) con la ortesis larga. El dolor disminuyó significativamente en el primer período: al día 0 la mediana de dolor fue 7.5 (5.00-9.00), en comparación con el día 28 donde la mediana fue de 3.00 (2-6.25) (p=000.1). La función mejoró significativamente en el primer período; la mediana de función manual al día 0 fue 0.54 (00.47-00.68), en comparación con el día 28 que fue de 0.76 (0.51-0.86) (p=0.028). No se observaron cambios significativos en dolor y función en el segundo período. No hubo diferencia en el tipo de ortesis asignada de acuerdo a mano dominante, mano tratada, uso de analgésicos y estadio de Eaton, pero hubo una mayor tendencia de utilizar la ortesis corta en ocupaciones de carga media, de 12.00 pacientes (66%), 7.00 (58,3%) ortesis cortas, versus 5.00 (41,7%) ortesis larga (p=0.017). Para pacientes con ocupaciones de carga liviana de 6.00 pacientes (33,3%), 6.00 (100%) tuvieron una tendencia de utilizar ortesis largas (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONES: Independiente del modelo de ortesis que se utilice, en este estudio se observó una mejoría clínica de los pacientes tanto en intensidad de dolor como en la función al primer mes de tratamiento. Estos hallazgos indicarían que este tipo de intervención terapéutica es positiva en rizartrosis. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) has as its primary objective to reduce pain and improve function of the affected joint. The first indication for conservative treatment is immobilization. The intention is to provide support to immobilize the carpometacarpal (CMC) of the thumb while functional hand movements are allowed. There are a variety of thumb splints available, both prefabricated and custommade, and different types of material. Unfortunately there are no specific guidelines on the type of correct splint for OA of the CMC joint. The Occupational Therapist approach includes consideration of the use of orthotics. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the effect of two different splints: thermoformed orthotics immobilizing the CMC and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the thumb vs. the thermoformed orthotics immobilizing the CMC joint, on hand function and pain in individuals with CMC OA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Non-pharmacological medical technology clinical trial no significant risk, using a two period crossover design, the two four-week treatment periods were separated by oneweek washout period (without splint). A table of random symbols was used to determine treatment order assignments. Pain was evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); and hand functional by the Functional Sub Scale of Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index Australian version (AUSCAN, Queensland, Australia), validated in Spanish. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were included, 13 (72%) were female and they were middle-aged (p 25-75) of 59.00 (55.00-66.50) years. As for the radiological stage 1 (5.6%) patient had Radiological stage Eaton I, 10 (55.6 %) Eaton II, y 7 (38.9%) Eaton III. Seven patients (38.9%) started the intervention with the short orthosis and 11 (61.1%) with the long orthosis. The pain decreased significantly in the first period: at day 0 the median pain was 7.5 (5.00-9.00), compared to day 28 where the median was 3.00 (2- 6.25) (p = 000.1). The function improved significantly in the first period; the median manual function at day 0 was 0.54 (00.47- 00.68), compared to day 28 which was 0.76 (0.51-0.86) (p = 0.028). There were no significant changes in pain and function in the second period. There was no difference in the type of splint assigned according to dominant hand, hand treated, analgesic use and Eaton stage, but there was a greater tendency to use short orthotics in medium load occupations of 12.00 patients (66%), 7.00 (58.3%) short orthoses, versus 5.00 (41.7%) long orthoses (p = 0.017). For patients with light load occupations of 6.00 patients (33.3%), 6.00 (100%) had a tendency to use long orthoses (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the orthotic model used, in this study clinical improvement was observed in both pain intensity and function at the first month of treatment. These findings would indicate that this type of therapeutic intervention is positive in thumb osteoarthritis. (AU)

Limnological and ecological methods: approaches, and sampling strategies for middle Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant.

In this paper the authors describe the limnological approaches, the sampling methodology, and strategy adopted in the study of the Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant. The river ecosystems are characterized by unidirectional current, highly variable in time depending on the climatic situation the drainage pattern an hydrological cycle. Continuous vertical mixing with currents and turbulence, are characteristic of these ecosystems. All these basic mechanisms were taken into consideration in the sampling strategy and field work carried out in the Xingu River Basin, upstream and downstream the future Belo Monte Power Plant Units.

Spatial patterns of water quality in Xingu River Basin (Amazonia) prior to the Belo Monte dam impoundment.

The Xingu River, one of the most important of the Amazon Basin, is characterized by clear and transparent waters that drain a 509.685 km2 watershed with distinct hydrological and ecological conditions and anthropogenic pressures along its course. As in other basins of the Amazon system, studies in the Xingu are scarce. Furthermore, the eminent construction of the Belo Monte for hydropower production, which will alter the environmental conditions in the basin in its lower middle portion, denotes high importance of studies that generate relevant information that may subsidize a more balanced and equitable development in the Amazon region. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the water quality in the Xingu River and its tributaries focusing on spatial patterns by the use of multivariate statistical techniques, identifying which water quality parameters were more important for the environmental changes in the watershed. Data sampling were carried out during two complete hydrological cycles in twenty-five sampling stations. The data of twenty seven variables were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a high auto-correlation between variables (> 0.7). These variables were removed from multivariate analyzes because they provided redundant information about the environment. The CA resulted in the formation of six clusters, which were clearly observed in the PCA and were characterized by different water quality. The statistical results allowed to identify a high spatial variation in the water quality, which were related to specific features of the environment, different uses, influences of anthropogenic activities and geochemical characteristics of the drained basins. It was also demonstrated that most of the sampling stations in the Xingu River basin showed good water quality, due to the absence of local impacts and high power of depuration of the river itself.

Additional list of species of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River.

In this paper the authors present an additional list of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River.

Limnological and ecological methods: approaches, and sampling strategies for middle Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant

Abstract In this paper the authors describe the limnological approaches, the sampling methodology, and strategy adopted in the study of the Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant. The river ecosystems are characterized by unidirectional current, highly variable in time depending on the climatic situation the drainage pattern an hydrological cycle. Continuous vertical mixing with currents and turbulence, are characteristic of these ecosystems. All these basic mechanisms were taken into consideration in the sampling strategy and field work carried out in the Xingu River Basin, upstream and downstream the future Belo Monte Power Plant Units.

Resumo Neste trabalho os autores descrevem as abordagens limnológicas e a metodologia e estratégia de amostragem adotadas no estudo do Rio Xingu, na área de influência da futura Usina da Belo Monte (UHE Belo Monte). O ecossistema de rios é caracterizado por velocidade unidirecional de correntes, muitas flutuações de fluxos dependendo do clima do padrão de drenagem e do ciclo hidrológico. Mistura vertical permanente e turbulências ocorrem constantemente devido a correntes predominantes. Todos estes mecanismos gerais e específicos característicos do Rio Xingu, foram levados em consideração no plano de estudos limnológicos e amostragens desenvolvidas na área de influência de UHE Belo Monte a montante e a jusante do futuro empreendimento.

Limnological and ecological methods: approaches, and sampling strategies for middle Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant / Estudo limnológico e da biota aquática no Rio Xingu na área de influência de UHE Belo Monte: metodologia e abordagens

In this paper the authors describe the limnological approaches, the sampling methodology, and strategy adopted in the study of the Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant. The river ecosystems are characterized by unidirectional current, highly variable in time depending on the climatic situation the drainage pattern an hydrological cycle. Continuous vertical mixing with currents and turbulence, are characteristic of these ecosystems. All these basic mechanisms were taken into consideration in the sampling strategy and field work carried out in the Xingu River Basin, upstream and downstream the future Belo Monte Power Plant Units.

Neste trabalho os autores descrevem as abordagens limnológicas e a metodologia e estratégia de amostragem adotadas no estudo do Rio Xingu, na área de influência da futura Usina da Belo Monte (UHE Belo Monte). O ecossistema de rios é caracterizado por velocidade unidirecional de correntes, muitas flutuações de fluxos dependendo do clima do padrão de drenagem e do ciclo hidrológico. Mistura vertical permanente e turbulências ocorrem constantemente devido a correntes predominantes. Todos estes mecanismos gerais e específicos característicos do Rio Xingu, foram levados em consideração no plano de estudos limnológicos e amostragens desenvolvidas na área de influência de UHE Belo Monte a montante e a jusante do futuro empreendimento.

Additional list of species of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River / Lista adicional de macrófitas aquáticas do baixo Rio Xingu

In this paper the authors present an additional list of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River.

Neste trabalho os autores apresentam uma lista adicional de macrófitas aquáticas no baixo Rio Xingu.

Spatial patterns of water quality in Xingu River Basin (Amazonia) prior to the Belo Monte dam impoundment / Padrões espaciais de qualidade de água na Bacia do Rio Xingu (Amazônia) anteriores a barragem de Belo Monte

The Xingu River, one of the most important of the Amazon Basin, is characterized by clear and transparent waters that drain a 509.685 km2 watershed with distinct hydrological and ecological conditions and anthropogenic pressures along its course. As in other basins of the Amazon system, studies in the Xingu are scarce. Furthermore, the eminent construction of the Belo Monte for hydropower production, which will alter the environmental conditions in the basin in its lower middle portion, denotes high importance of studies that generate relevant information that may subsidize a more balanced and equitable development in the Amazon region. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the water quality in the Xingu River and its tributaries focusing on spatial patterns by the use of multivariate statistical techniques, identifying which water quality parameters were more important for the environmental changes in the watershed. Data sampling were carried out during two complete hydrological cycles in twenty-five sampling stations. The data of twenty seven variables were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a high auto-correlation between variables (> 0.7). These variables were removed from multivariate analyzes because they provided redundant information about the environment. The CA resulted in the formation of six clusters, which were clearly observed in the PCA and were characterized by different water quality. The statistical results allowed to identify a high spatial variation in the water quality, which were related to specific features of the environment, different uses, influences of anthropogenic activities and geochemical characteristics of the drained basins. It was also demonstrated that most of the sampling stations in the Xingu River basin showed good water quality, due to the absence of local impacts and high power of depuration of the river itself.

O rio Xingu, um dos mais importantes rios que constituem a bacia amazônica, é caracterizado por águas claras e transparentes que drenam uma bacia hidrográfica de 509,685 km2 com distintas condições hidrológicas, ecológicas e pressões antrópicas ao longo de seu percurso. Assim como nas demais bacias hidrográficas da Amazônia, os estudos no Xingu são raros. A eminente construção da Usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, a qual alterará as condições ambientais na bacia, demanda também a realização de estudos que gerem informações relevantes e que forneçam subsídios para um desenvolvimento mais equilibrado e igualitário região amazônica. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade de água no rio Xingu e em seus tributários focando em padrões espaciais na área de estudo pelo uso de técnicas de estatística multivariada, identificando quais parâmetros são mais relevantes nas condições de qualidade de água na bacia hidrográfica. As coletas de dados ocorreram durante dois ciclos hidrológicos completos em vinte e cinco estações de amostragem. Os dados de vinte e sete variáveis foram analisados pelos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman, análise Cluster (CA), e análise de componentes principais (PCA). Os resultados apontaram para um elevado contingente de variáveis com elevada correlação entre si (>0,7), sendo que estas altas variáveis foram retiradas das análises multivariadas por fornecerem informações ecológicas redundantes sobre o ambiente estudado. A CA resultou na formação de 6 agrupamentos, os quais foram observados por possuírem qualidade de água consideravelmente distintas pela PCA. Os resultados estatísticos permitiram identificar uma alta variação espacial da qualidade de água superficial na bacia estudada, sendo estas ocasionadas por especificidades do entorno, diferentes usos da água locais, influências de atividades antrópicas e características geoquímicas das bacias drenadas. Pode-se também evidenciar que em grande parte das estações de coleta na bacia do rio Xingu a qualidade de água superficial foi elevada, decorrente da ausência de impactos locais e do alto poder de depuração do rio.

Limnological and ecological methods: approaches, and sampling strategies for middle Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant / Estudo limnológico e da biota aquática no Rio Xingu na área de influência de UHE Belo Monte: metodologia e abordagens

Abstract In this paper the authors describe the limnological approaches, the sampling methodology, and strategy adopted in the study of the Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant. The river ecosystems are characterized by unidirectional current, highly variable in time depending on the climatic situation the drainage pattern an hydrological cycle. Continuous vertical mixing with currents and turbulence, are characteristic of these ecosystems. All these basic mechanisms were taken into consideration in the sampling strategy and field work carried out in the Xingu River Basin, upstream and downstream the future Belo Monte Power Plant Units.

Resumo Neste trabalho os autores descrevem as abordagens limnológicas e a metodologia e estratégia de amostragem adotadas no estudo do Rio Xingu, na área de influência da futura Usina da Belo Monte (UHE Belo Monte). O ecossistema de rios é caracterizado por velocidade unidirecional de correntes, muitas flutuações de fluxos dependendo do clima do padrão de drenagem e do ciclo hidrológico. Mistura vertical permanente e turbulências ocorrem constantemente devido a correntes predominantes. Todos estes mecanismos gerais e específicos característicos do Rio Xingu, foram levados em consideração no plano de estudos limnológicos e amostragens desenvolvidas na área de influência de UHE Belo Monte a montante e a jusante do futuro empreendimento.

Spatial patterns of water quality in Xingu River Basin (Amazonia) prior to the Belo Monte dam impoundment / Padrões espaciais de qualidade de água na Bacia do Rio Xingu (Amazônia) anteriores a barragem de Belo Monte

The Xingu River, one of the most important of the Amazon Basin, is characterized by clear and transparent waters that drain a 509.685 km2 watershed with distinct hydrological and ecological conditions and anthropogenic pressures along its course. As in other basins of the Amazon system, studies in the Xingu are scarce. Furthermore, the eminent construction of the Belo Monte for hydropower production, which will alter the environmental conditions in the basin in its lower middle portion, denotes high importance of studies that generate relevant information that may subsidize a more balanced and equitable development in the Amazon region. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the water quality in the Xingu River and its tributaries focusing on spatial patterns by the use of multivariate statistical techniques, identifying which water quality parameters were more important for the environmental changes in the watershed. Data sampling were carried out during two complete hydrological cycles in twenty-five sampling stations. The data of twenty seven variables were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a high auto-correlation between variables (> 0.7). These variables were removed from multivariate analyzes because they provided redundant information about the environment. The CA resulted in the formation of six clusters, which were clearly observed in the PCA and were characterized by different water quality. The statistical results allowed to identify a high spatial variation in the water quality, which were related to specific features of the environment, different uses, influences of anthropogenic activities and geochemical characteristics of the drained basins. It was also demonstrated that most of the sampling stations in the Xingu River basin showed good water quality, due to the absence of local impacts and high power of depuration of the river itself.(AU)

O rio Xingu, um dos mais importantes rios que constituem a bacia amazônica, é caracterizado por águas claras e transparentes que drenam uma bacia hidrográfica de 509,685 km2 com distintas condições hidrológicas, ecológicas e pressões antrópicas ao longo de seu percurso. Assim como nas demais bacias hidrográficas da Amazônia, os estudos no Xingu são raros. A eminente construção da Usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, a qual alterará as condições ambientais na bacia, demanda também a realização de estudos que gerem informações relevantes e que forneçam subsídios para um desenvolvimento mais equilibrado e igualitário região amazônica. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade de água no rio Xingu e em seus tributários focando em padrões espaciais na área de estudo pelo uso de técnicas de estatística multivariada, identificando quais parâmetros são mais relevantes nas condições de qualidade de água na bacia hidrográfica. As coletas de dados ocorreram durante dois ciclos hidrológicos completos em vinte e cinco estações de amostragem. Os dados de vinte e sete variáveis foram analisados pelos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman, análise Cluster (CA), e análise de componentes principais (PCA). Os resultados apontaram para um elevado contingente de variáveis com elevada correlação entre si (>0,7), sendo que estas altas variáveis foram retiradas das análises multivariadas por fornecerem informações ecológicas redundantes sobre o ambiente estudado. A CA resultou na formação de 6 agrupamentos, os quais foram observados por possuírem qualidade de água consideravelmente distintas pela PCA. Os resultados estatísticos permitiram identificar uma alta variação espacial da qualidade de água superficial na bacia estudada, sendo estas ocasionadas por especificidades do entorno, diferentes usos da água locais, influências de atividades antrópicas e características geoquímicas das bacias drenadas. Pode-se também evidenciar que em grande parte das estações de coleta na bacia do rio Xingu a qualidade de água superficial foi elevada, decorrente da ausência de impactos locais e do alto poder de depuração do rio.(AU)

Additional list of species of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River / Lista adicional de macrófitas aquáticas do baixo Rio Xingu

In this paper the authors present an additional list of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River.(AU)

Neste trabalho os autores apresentam uma lista adicional de macrófitas aquáticas no baixo Rio Xingu.(AU)

Limnological and ecological methods: approaches, and sampling strategies for middle Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant / Estudo limnológico e da biota aquática no Rio Xingu na área de influência de UHE Belo Monte: metodologia e abordagens

In this paper the authors describe the limnological approaches, the sampling methodology, and strategy adopted in the study of the Xingu River in the area of influence of future Belo Monte Power Plant. The river ecosystems are characterized by unidirectional current, highly variable in time depending on the climatic situation the drainage pattern an hydrological cycle. Continuous vertical mixing with currents and turbulence, are characteristic of these ecosystems. All these basic mechanisms were taken into consideration in the sampling strategy and field work carried out in the Xingu River Basin, upstream and downstream the future Belo Monte Power Plant Units.(AU)

Neste trabalho os autores descrevem as abordagens limnológicas e a metodologia e estratégia de amostragem adotadas no estudo do Rio Xingu, na área de influência da futura Usina da Belo Monte (UHE Belo Monte). O ecossistema de rios é caracterizado por velocidade unidirecional de correntes, muitas flutuações de fluxos dependendo do clima do padrão de drenagem e do ciclo hidrológico. Mistura vertical permanente e turbulências ocorrem constantemente devido a correntes predominantes. Todos estes mecanismos gerais e específicos característicos do Rio Xingu, foram levados em consideração no plano de estudos limnológicos e amostragens desenvolvidas na área de influência de UHE Belo Monte a montante e a jusante do futuro empreendimento.(AU)