Addressing medical student burnout through informal peer-assisted learning: a correlational analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite the recognized advantages of Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) in academic settings, there is a notable absence of research analyzing its effects on students' Academic Burnout. This study aims to cover this gap by assessing the underlying effectiveness of Informal Peer-Assisted Learning (IPAL) as a cooperative learning method, focusing on its potential to mitigate academic burnout among medical students. METHODS: In 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, in Puerto Rico. The research team gathered data from 151 participants, 49.19% of 307 total student body. This cohort included 76 female students, 71 male students, and 4 individuals saying other. The School Burnout Inventory questionnaire (SBI-9) was employed to assess Academic Burnout, along with an added query about self-reported IPAL. The SBI-9 underwent validation processes to ascertain its reliability and validity, incorporating the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Following this, the investigators conducted an analysis to determine the correlation between academic burnout levels and involvement in IPAL. RESULTS: The validation process of the questionnaire affirmed its alignment with an eight-item inventory, encapsulating two principal factors that elucidate academic burnout. The first factor pertains to exhaustion, while the second encompasses the combined subscales of cynicism and inadequacy. The questionnaire shows high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.829) and good fit indices (Comparative Fit Index = 0.934; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.902; Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual = 0.0495; Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.09791; p-value < 0.001). The factors proven in the selected model were used to evaluate the correlation between Academic Burnout and IPAL. Students engaged in IPAL showed significantly lower academic burnout prevalence compared to those who never participated in such practices, with a mean academic burnout score of 44.75% (SD 18.50) for IPAL engaged students versus 54.89% (SD 23.71) for those who never engaged in such practices (p-value < 0.013). Furthermore, within the group engaged in IPAL, students displayed lower levels of cynicism/inadequacy 41.98% (SD 23.41) compared to exhaustion 52.25% (SD 22.42) with a p-value < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study underscore a notable issue of academic burnout among medical students within the surveyed cohort. The investigation reveals a significant correlation between Academic Burnout and IPAL, suggesting that incorporating IPAL strategies may be beneficial in addressing burnout in medical education settings. However, further research is needed to explore potential causal mechanisms.

Impact of Techno-Creators and Techno-Inhibitors on Techno-Stress Manifestations in Chilean Kindergarten Directors in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Teleworking.

The research objective was to predict the impact of techno-creators and techno-inhibitors on the different manifestations of technostress in kindergarten directors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and telework. The participants were INTEGRA Foundation kindergarten directors, from a sample of 567 kindergartens in Chile. To measure the technostress manifestations, the RED-TIC questionnaire was used as an instrument, and concerning techno-creators and techno-inhibitors, those established in previous research were considered. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology was used, and the model estimation was performed using SmartPLS version 3.0 software. It was obtained that techno-creators correlate positively and significantly with the technostress manifestations. A negative correlation was found between techno-inhibitors and technostress manifestations and techno-creators, but not significant for skepticism and inefficacy manifestations. Therefore, it is concluded that techno-creators lead to technostress manifestations, however, techno-inhibitors did not show a significant effect in reducing these manifestations in the sample studied.

Technostress of Chilean Teachers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Teleworking.

This article shows the levels of technostress in primary and secondary education teachers in Chile, in the context of educational telework that Chile has adopted in connection with the health crisis by COVID-19. The information has been collected with the use of the RED-TIC scale, previously used in this country, whose validity and reliability of the instrument has been treated, for this case, with confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) with a national coverage sample of 3006 teachers. The results show that 11% of teachers reveal techno anxiety and 7.2%, techno fatigue. Combining both manifestations, we find that 6.8% of teachers are techno stressed. Finally, fatigue and anxiety factors are higher for female teachers.

Analyzing the evolution of technostress: A science mapping approach.

This paper analyzes the scientific map of technostress and the scientific production on this topic between 1982 and 2017, highlighting its structure, evolution, and trends in this field. A literature review based on bibliometric analysis of 246 records indexed in Scopus database was conducted. These publications were analyzed according to bibliometric indicators and through science maps with SciMAT. Co-occurrence of terms by grouping techniques was implemented. In addition, elaboration of maps of science and performance analysis for periods was executed. The main contribution of this work is to provide the first scientific map of technostress and a detailed understanding of the scientific production that predicts the directions of future research. The bibliometric analyses permit an overview of the growth, extent and distribution of the scientific literature related to the technostress and the study of the scientific production of an institution, country, author or research group.

Teacher Technostress in the Chilean School System.

The expanded use of information technology in education has led to the emergence of technostress due to a lack of adaptation to the technological environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the levels of technostress in primary and secondary education in 428 teachers using a RED-TIC questionnaire, of which skepticism, fatigue, anxiety, and inefficiency are the main components. For the empirical analysis of the data, principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. The results show that 12% of Chilean teachers participating in the study feel techno-fatigued, 13% feel techno-anxious, and 11% present both conditions. Male teachers show a higher incidence of techno-anxiety and techno-fatigue than their female peers. It can be concluded that the questionnaire used is a reliable tool to evaluate the presence of technostress, and it manifests itself importantly in its components of techno-anxiety and techno-fatigue in Chilean teachers.

Adaptación española de la escala HPLP-II con una muestra de empleados / Spanish Adaptation of the HPLP-II toward with a Sample of Employees

Antecedentes: El objetivo de esta investigación fue la adaptación al castellano de la Escala HPLP-II de Walker y Hill-Polerecky en población trabajadora, teniendo en cuenta que los estilos de vida tienen una gran influencia en la salud laboral. Los seis factores que mide la escala original son: Actividad física, Crecimiento espiritual, Manejo del estrés, Nutrición, Relaciones interpersonales y Responsabilidad hacia la salud. Método: participaron en el estudio 513 trabajadores (48.1 % hombres, 51.9 % mujeres), escogidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizaron los programas FACTOR (versión 7.2) y SPSS 20.0. Resultados: En la escala HPLP-II, los resultados apoyan una solución de cuatro factores, reduciéndose el número de ítems de 52 a 48, con una fiabilidad adecuada (Responsabilidad hacia la salud = 0.81, Actividad física = 0.86, Nutrición = 0.7 y Crecimiento espiritual y relaciones interpersonales = 0.88) e indicios de validez en relación con MBI-GS, Autoeficacia, Satisfacción con la Vida y Engagement. Conclusiones: Las Escala HPLP-II constituyen un instrumento fiable y válido, adecuado para ser usado en español.

Background: The lifestyles have great influence on the occupational health of workers. The objective of this research is the Spanish adaptation of HPLP-II Scale Walker and Hill-Polerecky in working population. Factors that measures the original scale are 6 and correspond to physical activity, Spiritual Growth, Stress Management, Nutrition, Interpersonal Relations and Responsibility to health. Method: Participants were 513 workers (48.1% male, 51.9% female), obtained by a non-probability sampling. We used the FACTOR programs (version 7.2) and SPSS 20.0. Results: In the HPLP-II scale, the results support a four-factor solution reducing the number of items 52-48, presenting adequate reliability (Responsibility towards health = 0.81, = 0.86 Physical Activity, Nutrition = 0.7 and spiritual growth and interpersonal relations = 0.88) and evidence of validity: MBI-GS, Self-Efficacy, Life Satisfaction and Engagement. Conclusions: HPLP-II Scale is a reliable and valid, suitable for use in Spanish instrument.

Adaptación al español del Inventario Multidimensional de Fatiga al entorno laboral / Adaptation into Spanish of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory in Work Environment

La necesidad de evaluar la fatiga al entorno laboral es esencial para poder desarrollar programas de prevención e intervención. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue adaptar del inglés al español el Inventario Multidimensional de Fatiga. Se analizaron la estructura interna y la fiabilidad, y se aportaron evidencias de validez convergente. La aplicación de la escala se realizó a una muestra multiocupacional compuesta por 414 empleados. También se utilizaron varios correlatos externos y dos escalas de contraste. Se aplicó el análisis factorial tanto exploratorio como confirmatorio. Los resultados indican que la versión española está conformada por 19 ítems y tres factores denominados Fatiga General, Fatiga Física y Concentración/Motivación. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad obtenidos fueron adecuados y, además, se obtuvieron evidencias de validez con cuatro correlatos externos y dos escalas de fatiga. La presente escala adaptada al español muestra unas propiedades psicométricas idóneas y puede resultar adecuada para identificar de manera apropiada la fatiga en entornos laborales. Futuras investigaciones podrían utilizarla como una herramienta de screening en combinación con otros instrumentos.

Evaluation of fatigue in work environment is crucial in order to draw up prevention and intervention programmes. The main objective of this study is to adapt the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory from English into Spanish. I analysed the internal structure and reliability and evidence was found of convergent validity. The scale was applied to a multi-occupational simple made up of 414 employees. Various external correlates and two contrast scales were also used. An exploratory as well as a confirmatory factor analysis were undertaken. The findings indicate that the Spanish version which we have presented is made up of nineteen items and three factors, namely Gendoieral Fatigue, Physical Fatigue and Concentration/Motivation. The resulting reliability coefficients were adequate and, what's more, evidence of validity was found for four external correlates and two fatigue scales. The present scale, adapted into Spanish displays ideal psychometric properties and may prove ideal for adequately identifying fatigue in work environments. The scale could be used in future research as a screening tool in combination with other instruments.

Adaptación de la escala Creative Environment Perceptions al español / Adaptation of the Creative Environment Perceptions Scale into Spanish

Este estudio se enmarca dentro de la propuesta de Mayfield y Mayfield (2008, 2010) sobre las percepciones del entorno creativo. El objetivo fue realizar la adaptación al español de la escala Creative Environment Perceptions de nueve ítems y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. Los participantes fueron 975 empleados españoles (48.5% hombres y 51.5% mujeres). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran, después de realizar análisis confirmatorio, una estructura constituida por tres factores: Apoyo a la Creatividad, Características del Trabajo y Bloqueos a la Creatividad. Además, los tres factores obtenidos tienen una fiabilidad adecuada e igualmente se constatan indicios de validez, si se toman como referencia algunos correlatos externos y algunas escalas que hacen referencia a la adicción al trabajo, el burnout y el potencial creativo. En suma, la presente escala puede resultar idónea para identificar de manera apropiada los tres factores.

This study falls within the framework of Mayfield and Mayfield's proposal (2008, 2010) on creative environment perceptions. The objective was to adapt the 9-item Creative Environment Perceptions Scale into Spanish and analyse its psychometric properties. The sample for the present study was made up of 975 Spanish employees (48.5% men and 51.5% women). After carrying out a confirmatory analysis the results displayed a three factor structure: Support to creativity, Job characteristics and Blocks to creativity. Furthermore, the three factors showed appropriate reliability and some signs of validity were also found when they were contrasted with certain external correlates and scales that refer to workaholism, burnout and creative potential. By way of summing up, the present scale may prove ideal for appropriately identifying support to creativity, job characteristics and blocks to creativity.

La relación entre la irritación laboral y la adicción al trabajo en una muestra española multiocupacional / The Relationship between Irritation at Work and Workaholism in a Spanish Multi-Occupational Sample

El trabajo tiene connotaciones positivas, pero también puede ser un escenario donde se presentan riesgos que pueden desarrollar aspectos negativos. Esta investigación intenta profundizar en la relación existente entre dos conceptos del escenario laboral: la irritación laboral con sus dos dimensiones, irritación cognitiva y emocional, y la adicción al trabajo. Hasta la fecha, se han llevado a cabo investigaciones sobre cada uno de estos conceptos en su relación con otras variables, pero no hay estudios que hayan indagado en la relación directa existente entre ambos constructos. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se pasaron los instrumentos de medida a una muestra de 285 sujetos de diversas ocupaciones y se encontraron resultados en la línea esperada, es decir, una relación positiva y significativa entre la irritación laboral y la adicción al trabajo. Las correlaciones fueron significativas, tanto en el caso de la irritación emocional como de la cognitiva, con la adicción al trabajo medida a través del Dutch Work Addiction Scale. Sin embargo, en el caso del WorkBAT, la irritación solo obtuvo correlaciones significativas en el caso del Factor 1, trabajar excesivamente. En cuanto al análisis de regresión, se obtuvieron resultados interesantes para entender la relación entre ambos conceptos.

Work offers a positive side but also it can be a framework where some risks may appear that evolve in negative outcomes. This research focus on the possible relation between two aspects of the work context: irritation at work with its two dimensions, cognitive and emotional irritation, and workaholism. So far the two concepts have been studied in their relation to other variables, but there is a lack of studies on the relation between them. To carry out this investigation 285 subjects from different occupations answered the instruments used and we found results in the expected way. Irritation, both cognitive and emotional irritation, showed significant correlations with both factors of the DUWAS However, in the case of the WBAT the correlations were significant only for factor 1, working excessively. Regression analysis yielded interesting results in order to explain the relation between both concepts.

Pyschometric Properties and the Factor Structure of the Spanish Version of the Cognitive Adaptability Scale (MAC) / Propiedades psicométricas y estructura factorial de la versión española de la Escala de Adaptabilidad Cognitiva (MAC)

In the context of entrepreneurship, cognitive adaptability is a key competence. Thus, researchers in this field are making an effort to find instruments to measure this ability in a way that allows us to predict success in the context of enterprise creation or intention. We conducted a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses of the cognitive adaptability scale (MAC), using a sample of Spanish (N = 494), in addition to the reliability and validity analyses. We found that a three-factor solution of the MAC best fit the data. The reliability coefficients of consistency were acceptable. The validity of the MAC was confirmed by its correlation with Need for Cognition (NFC). The NFC measures the degree to which individuals enjoy cognitive activity. The present study suggests that more studies are needed in different contexts that would allow the structure of cognitive adaptability to be validated, improved or modified.

En el contexto del emprendimiento, la adaptabilidad cognitiva es una competencia clave. Por lo tanto, los investigadores en este campo están haciendo esfuerzos para encontrar instrumentos que midan la capacidad de emprendimiento y que permitan predecir el éxito en el contexto de la intención o creación de empresas. Utilizando una muestra española ( N = 494), Se llevaron a cabo una serie de análisis exploratorios y confirmatorios de la Escala de la Capacidad de Adaptación Cognitiva (MAC), utilizando una muestra española (N = 494), además de la confiabilidad y validez de los análisis. Se encontró una solución de tres factores del MAC que se ajusta mejor a los datos. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad fueron aceptables. La validez de la MAC fue confirmada por su correlación con Necesidad de Cognición (NFC). La NFC mide el grado en que los individuos disfrutan de la actividad cognitiva. El presente estudio sugiere que se necesitan más estudios en diferentes contextos que permitan que la Escala de Capacidad de Adaptación Cognitiva pueda ser validada, mejorada o modificada.

Estresores laborales en conductores de autobuses (ELBus-21): estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez / Job Stressors in Bus Drivers (Elbus -21): Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity

En el presente artículo se estudian las propiedades psicométricas de la escala ELBus-21 que permite evaluar los estresores laborales que son propios de los conductores de autobuses españoles. Los participantes de la presente investigación son 287 conductores de autobuses (80.1% hombres y 19.9% mujeres) de tres radios de acción: urbano, interurbano y discrecional. Los resultados obtenidos constatan, después de realizar un análisis factorial exploratorio de la escala, una estructura constituida por tres factores que hacen referencia a las condiciones del tráfico, a la sobrecarga y la fatiga, y a la falta de confort personal. Además, los tres factores obtenidos tienen una fiabilidad adecuada. Igualmente, se constatan indicios de validez de los tres factores si se toman como referencia el estrés, los trastornos psicofisiológicos, las conductas de seguridad en el vehículo, la autonomía en el puesto de trabajo y algunos correlatos empíricos. En suma, la presente escala puede resultar idónea para identificar de manera apropiada los estresores laborales en los conductores de autobuses españoles. La escala ELBus-21 puede ser utilizada como un inventario de screening en combinación con otros instrumentos.

In the present article we studied the psychometric properties of the EL-Bus-21 scale, which enables us to evaluate the occupational stressors that affect Spanish bus drivers. 287 bus drivers (80.1% men and 19.9% women) took part in the study from three different sectors: metropolitan, intercity and charter coach drivers. The findings, after carrying out an exploratory factor analysis of the scale, revealed a structure comprised of three factors, namely, road environment, workload and fatigue, and personal discomfort. What's more, these three factors showed appropriate reliability. Similarly, the three factors showed validity with regard to stress, psycho-physiological disorders, safety behaviours in the vehicle and autonomy on the job as well as a number of empirical correlates. By way of summing up, the present scale may be ideally suited to adequately identifying the occupational stressors of Spanish bus drivers. The ELBus-21 may be used as a screening inventory in combination with other instruments.