[Auditory tube dysfunction in children. Part 2]. / Disfunktsiya slukhovoi truby v detskom vozraste. Chast' 2.

The presented literature review examines in detail the methods for diagnosing the auditory tube, the history of development of studies of the Eustachian tube and the treatment of its dysfunction in children. The issue of dysfunction of the auditory tube as one of the causes of the formation of chronic hearing loss in childhood is increasingly being identified because of the rapid development of technologies and methods for examining patients. Aim is to study the multiple etiologic factors of the disease and the need for an integrated approach to the study of this condition.

[Two-year experience in the balloon dilatation treatment of children with persistent auditory tube dysfunction]. / Dvukhletnii opyt lecheniya detei so stoikoi disfunktsiei slukhovoi truby metodom ballonnoi dilatatsii.

OBJECTIVE: Is to study the effectiveness of the of balloon dilatation of the auditory tube in children with persistent dysfunction of the auditory tube. Examination and treatment of 28 children aged 5 to 16 years with persistent dysfunction of the auditory tube was performed. To diagnose and objectify the results of the treatment, taking of complaints and medical history of the patient, examination of ENT organs, endoscopic examination of the nose, nasopharynx and otoendoscopy, functional multispiral computed tomography of the auditory tubes, audiological examination (tympanometry, tonal threshold audiometry) were performed. Treatment included balloon dilatation of the auditory tubes. In 25 (89.3%) children, upon repeated examination after 2, 6, 12 months, the clinical, radiological, and audiological parameters were normal.

[Auditory tube dysfunction in children (literature review, part 2)]. / Disfunktsiya slukhovoi truby v detskom vozraste (obzor literatury, chast' 2).

The presented literature review examines in detail the methods for diagnosing the auditory tube, the history of development of studies of the Eustachian tube and the treatment of its dysfunction in children. The issue of dysfunction of the auditory tube as one of the causes of the formation of chronic hearing loss in childhood is increasingly being identified because of the rapid development of technologies and methods for examining patients. Aim is to study the multiple etiologic factors of the disease and the need for an integrated approach to the study of this condition.

Age-Associated Role of Lingual and Pharyngeal Glands in Local Immunity in Oral Cavity.

The macroscopic and histological methods were employed to examine the autopsy specimens of salivary lingual glands obtained from 299 patients of both sexes and various age ranging from newborn to longevity. The age-associated alterations of minor lingual and pharyngeal glands were revealed, and the topographical relations between the glands and lymphoid cells were described. The characteristic sparsity of the glands in infancy is caused by nutritional uniformity at this period, when diminished production of secretory IgA results in frequent inflammatory processes in oral and pharyngeal cavities. With age, the glandular orifices widen, and their number increases thereby augmenting local immunity in the oral cavity and in oral aspect of the pharynx. Starting from elderly and senile age, the involutive alterations were observed, which were accompanied by diminished production of secretory immunoglobulin A and related degradation of local and humoral immunity.

[Auditory tube dysfunction in children (literature review, part 1)]. / Disfunktsiia slukhovoi truby v detskom vozraste (obzor literatury, chast' 1).

We present the review of the literature on the anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the auditory tube in children, epidemiology, etiology, and the pathogenesis of the formation of auditory tube dysfunction is presented. The first part of the article presents in more detail the structural and functional differences in the Eustachian tube in children, the classification and mechanism of the occurrence of the auditory tube dysfunction in pediatric practice.

[The results of the surgical treatment of otosclerosis in the elderly subjects].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical treatment of otosclerosis in the subjects of advanced age. The medical histories of 19 patients aged above 65 years (20 ears) presenting with otosclerosis were available for the retrospective analysis. All of them had undergone surgical interventions (a total of 22 ones or 4.49% of the 489 operations performed between 2001 and 2012). The audiometric assessment was made at four wavelengths (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz). Primary surgery (n=18) was preceded by the determination of the high air and bone conductivity thresholds (76.18 dB and 42.15 dB respectively), with the mean bone to air interval (BAI) being 33.99 dB. The surgical treatment resulted in the improvement of hearing; in 83.33% of the cases, BAI was reduced to 10 dB or below this value. It is concluded that the surgical intervention on the stirrup bone for the treatment of otosclerosis in the patients above 65 years of age is a safe and efficacious method despite marked hearing impairment in this group of patients.

[Stapedoplasty in a HIV-infected patient].

This paper reports an observation illustrating the possibility of the successful surgical treatment of otosclerosis in a HIV-infected patient presenting with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and positive response in the test for hepatitis C. The authors used the results of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the temporal bones as a basis for the prediction of the outcome of the surgical intervention taking into consideration specific primary manifestations of HIV infection as well as immunological and virlogical responses to anti-retroviral therapy.

[Lacrimal drainage system examination using functional multidetector computed tomography].

Computed tomography images are analyzed in patients with and without lacrimal drainage system abnormalities. Potential of functional multidetector computed tomography in dacryostenosis is showed.

[Functional multi-detector computed tomography in diagnosis of orbital fractures. The first results].

The first results of use of functional multi-detector computed tomography in diagnosis of orbital fractures with eye movement impairment are obtained. In addition to orbital bone fractures diagnosis this method allows to perform more detailed evaluation of orbital soft tissues particularly extraocular muscles. Proposed method allows differentiating paralytic and restrictive ophthalmoplegia, evaluate the function of extraocular muscles in severe orbital deformities.

[The state of the stirrup prosthesis estimated from the results of functional multispiral computed tomography].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the state of the stirrup prosthesis based on the results of functional multispiral computed tomography (fMSCT). A total of 30 patients suffering otosclerosis and treated by stapedoplasty were examined using the modified fMSCT technique developed by the authors. The data obtained were compared with the results of the audiologic study. It was shown that modified fMSCT makes it possible to objectively and visually estimate the state of the stirrup prosthesis, elucidate the causes of poor outcome of the surgical treatment and identify the indications for the second operation. The study has demonstrated that a more pronounced decrease of the air-bone gap (ABG) is associated with a rise in the amplitude of prosthesis movements whereas the degree of reduction of bone conduction does not significantly correlate with the depth to which the prosthesis reaches into the vestibulim.