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Purpureocillium lilacinum is a filamentous and hyaline fungus cosmopolitan, saprophytic, largely used in the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes and insects, also considered an emerging and opportunistic human pathogen. The standard treatment for hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. lilacinum is not yet defined, since this fungus is resistant to different antifungals, in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare in vitro antifungal activity against environmental and clinical P. lilacinum isolates and our results demonstrated that these isolates can be resistant to newer generation triazoles, such as voriconazole, and to caspofungin, a drug of the echinocandin class. In summary, we highlight the importance of knowing the different susceptibility profiles of P. lilacinum isolates, and besides that, the emergence of uncommon human and animal opportunistic fungi, such P. lilacinum, especially during COVID-19, highlight the need for antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates since empirical therapy with different treatment schedules failed in great number of patients.
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COVID-19 , Hypocreales , Animales , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Equinocandinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
This work focused in the evaluation of Oreochromis niloticus fish scales (FS) as biosorbent material in the removal of Zn from a synthetic effluent based on automotive battery industry effluent and, further, a hybrid neutralization/biosorption process, aiming at a high-quality treated effluent, by a cooperative use of dolomite and FS. For this, a physicochemical and morphological characterization (i.e. SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, and TXRF) was performed, which helped to clarify a great heterogeneity of active sites (phosphate, carbonate, amide, and hydroxyl) on the biosorbent; also the inorganic constituents (apatites) leaching from the FS was identified. Biosorption results pointed out to a pH-dependent process due to changes in the functional group's anionic character (i.e. electrostatic interactions), where an initial pH = 3 favored the Zn uptake. Kinetic and equilibrium studies confirmed the heterogeneous surface and cooperative sorption, wherein experimental data were described by Generalized Elovich kinetic model and the favorable isotherm profile by Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm ( qmax = 15.38â mgâ g-1 and 1/n>1 ). Speciation diagram of Zn species along with the leached species demonstrated that, for the studied pH range, the biosorption was the most likely phenomena rather than precipitation. Finally, the hybrid neutralization/biosorption process showed great potential since both the Zn concentration levels and the pH reached the legislation standards (CZn = 4â mgâ L-1; pH = 5). Hence, based on the characterization and biosorption results, a comprehensive evaluation of the involved mechanisms in such complex system helped to verify the prospective of FS biosorbent for the Zn treatment from solution, in both individual and hybrid processes.
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Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Zinc , Adsorción , Carbonato de Calcio , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Iones , Cinética , Magnesio , Estudios ProspectivosAsunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Caracteres Sexuales , Factores Sexuales , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The aim of this work was an experimental and theoretical investigation of the influence of electrolyte (NaCl) and surfactant (SP), as textile auxiliary agents (TAAs), onto reactive blue 5G (RB5G) dye removal by applying untreated fish scales (FS) in batch system. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed, aiming at the comprehension of the mass transfer mechanisms through phenomenological modeling. The biosorbent was texturally characterized, to investigate the adsorbent's characteristics and to support the models' assumptions. Hence, a 'physically meaningful' modeling to assess different systems containing dye-TAA mixtures was employed. The experimental results indicated that despite the FS nonporous characteristics, it showed remarkable adsorption capacities (≈291 mg g-1), which may be ascribed to the adsorbent-adsorbate affinity and to dye-aggregates adsorption onto the FS surface. Those results evidence a potential use of FS as an alternative biosorbent material. The mathematical model was able to identify the rate-limiting step of the process; to predict the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium condition, comprising the description of aggregates formation; and to successfully predict kinetic behavior of independent data in simulated real effluent. Those results indicate that the model can be used to simulate operating conditions and, therefore, support the design, optimization, and scale-up of adsorption processes.
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Electrólitos , Tensoactivos , Adsorción , Colorantes , Cinética , Modelos TeóricosRESUMEN
Our program attempted to improve attitudes and confidence of Peruvian primary care physicians (PCPs) providing mental health care. The training program underwent an evaluation to determine impact of sustained confidence in performing medical and psychiatric procedures, and application of learned skills. Fifty-two Peruvian primary care practitioners were trained at the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma (HPRT) over a two-week period. There was significant improvement in PCPs' confidence levels of performing psychiatric procedures (counseling, prescribing medications, psychiatric diagnosis, assessing the risk for violence, and treating trauma victims) when comparing baseline and post-two-week to one year follow-up. When comparing post-two-week and one-year follow-up quantitative measures, confidences levels went slightly down. This may be an implication that the frequency of trainings and supervisions are needed more frequently. In contrast, qualitative responses from the one-year follow-up revealed increase in victims of violence clinical care, advocacy, awareness, education, training, policy changes, accessibility of care, and sustainment of diagnostic tools. This study supports the feasibility of training PCP's in a culturally effective manner with sustainability over time.
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OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the relationship between informants' age and their assessment of mental health needs in postconflict society and examines if mental health needs assessment priorities differ depending upon whether or not the informant was exposed to the Liberian civil war. METHODS: cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2009 to obtain data on mental health needs of Liberian children, adolescents and young adults. A total of 171 individuals were interviewed. The data were analyzed using a two- way ANOVA. RESULTS: Elder respondents expressed a preference for young adults to receive services in a church/mosque (F = 4.020, p < .05); for adolescents in volunteer programs (F = 3.987, p < .05) and for children in sports programs (F = 4.396, p < .05). Experiencing conflict did exert some influence on treatment setting preferences. Those who resided outside Liberia during the conflict cited a preference for traditional healers and medical clinics. However, this preference was for the children and young adult age categories. Those who experienced the civil war reported significantly higher preferences for adolescent services to be located in medical clinics, with traditional healers, and in churches/mosques. CONCLUSION: This study provides additional support for the premise that the utilization of psychiatric services needs to be viewed from the perspective of Liberians and that there are differences in preferences across groups. Our results suggest that service providers and policy makers take into account the age of the patient when deciding where to locate treatment settings for the population.
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OBJECTIVE: The study examined key informants' perceptions of the emotional impact of traumatic events, major problems, functional limitations and appropriate treatment settings for children, adolescents, and young adults in post-conflict Liberia. METHOD: This research is a based on cross-sectional survey conducted between March 30, 2009 and April 30, 2009 in Liberia with 171 local key Liberian informants. Analysis was conducted using mixed methods. The findings we will report were collected in the qualitative portion of the survey. RESULTS: We found that while different interventions were preferred for different types of young people, some interventions were mentioned for all youth and by all age and gender groups of key informants. These included counseling, education, and skills training. Also frequently chosen were housing, community reintegration, recreation, and medical care. In general, key informants reported similar concerns regardless of their ages or genders. Notable exceptions to this were in interventions for youth who joined fighting forces. Men over 50 were the only ones to recommend apology and reparations. Similarly, in recommendations for criminals and violent youth, a number of men mentioned prison, whereas the women did not. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the needs of post-conflict Liberian youth span a variety of domains, including physical, emotional, medical, psychological, and educational. These findings can be used to guide the development of treatment programs for these young people.
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Anomia (Social) , Servicios de Salud Mental/organización & administración , Ajuste Social , Trastornos de Estrés Traumático , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Liberia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Necesidades , Investigación Cualitativa , Control Social Formal/métodos , Apoyo Social , Trastornos de Estrés Traumático/etiología , Trastornos de Estrés Traumático/psicología , Trastornos de Estrés Traumático/rehabilitación , Poblaciones Vulnerables/psicología , GuerraRESUMEN
In this work, a study of the metal sorption mechanism by dead biomass has been performed. All batch metal biosorption experiments were performed using the aquatic macrophyte Egeria densa as biosorbent. Divalent cadmium and zinc solutions were used to assess the sorption mechanisms involved. Using a suitable equilibrium time of 2h and a mixture of 300 mg biosorbent and 50 mL metal solution at pH 5, monocomponent sorption experiments were performed. In order to determine the residual amounts of metals in the aqueous solutions and the concentrations of removed metals in the dry biomass, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) measurements in thin and thick target samples were carried out. Based on the strong experimental evidence from the mass balance among the major elements participating in the sorption processes, an ion exchange process was identified as the mechanism responsible for metal removal by the dry biomass.
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Hydrocharitaceae/química , Metales/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Adsorción , Intercambio Iónico , Purificación del AguaRESUMEN
In this work the PIXE technique was used to study the mechanism of metal sorption by dead biomass. Several batch copper-sorption experiments were performed by using Egeria densa biomass. PIXE measurements were performed in solid and liquid samples. Element concentrations in biosorbent samples were determined using the Clara software. Based on the mass balance among the major elements in the liquid and solid phases before and after the Cu-removal experiments, an ion exchange process is suggested as the main mechanism.
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Cobre/aislamiento & purificación , Hydrocharitaceae , Adsorción , Biomasa , Contaminantes Ambientales/aislamiento & purificación , Resinas de Intercambio Iónico , Espectrometría por Rayos X/métodos , Espectrometría por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of adjunctive aripiprazole therapy on metabolism in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either aripiprazole (15 mg/day) or placebo. At baseline and week 8, metabolic parameters were assessed by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: Thirty subjects completed the study (16 in the aripiprazole group and 14 in the placebo group). Glucose effectiveness measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test improved significantly in the aripiprazole group (0.003 ± 0.006 vs. -0.005 ± 0.007/min, P = 0.010). The aripiprazole group showed significant reductions in both plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (-15.1 ± 19.8 vs. 4.4 ± 22.5 mg/dl, P = 0.019) and LDL particle numbers (-376 ± 632 vs. -36 ± 301 nm, P = 0.035). Further, there was a significant reduction in the lean mass (-1125 ± 1620 vs. 607 ± 1578 g, P = 0.011) measured by whole-body DXA scan in the aripiprazole group. All values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, aripiprazole vs. placebo. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive therapy with aripiprazole may have some metabolic benefits in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia.
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Antipsicóticos/metabolismo , Clozapina/metabolismo , Piperazinas/metabolismo , Quinolonas/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Absorciometría de Fotón/métodos , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Aripiprazol , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glucosa/metabolismo , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa/métodos , Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Quinolonas/uso terapéutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The hospitals mostly have a high level of complexity, diversity of services and, consequently, occupational risks. The tasks of mobilization and manual repositioning of patients may require professional of the physical demands due to the weight or excessive patient dependency, attitudes arising from inadequate to lean on a bed or work in a restricted area, sudden weight change that can occur if a patient loses balance or strength to change the position or while moving. These, among many other factors can cause or aggravate musculoskeletal problems in health care workers. These diseases translate into frequent musculoskeletal complaints, high rates of absenteeism, licenses and problems of prolonged labor, creating a vicious cycle that compromises patient safety and performance of institutions. The literature has suggested the administration of courses on handling and transportation of patients as one of the most important strategies to reduce the incidence of problems in the spine between the worker's healths. An exercise program emphasizing global distension and strength, mainly the posterior chain muscles (dorsal region), held twice a week, combined with an approach to ergonomics can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms and absenteeism in nursing.
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Dolor de Espalda/prevención & control , Capacitación en Servicio , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/organización & administración , Movimiento y Levantamiento de Pacientes/efectos adversos , Movimiento y Levantamiento de Pacientes/enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Dolor de Espalda/etiología , Brasil , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Seguridad del Paciente , Proyectos Piloto , Factores de Riesgo , Carga de TrabajoRESUMEN
In this work, the displacement effects on the sorption capacities of zinc and cadmium ions of the Eichornia crassipes-type biosorbent in batch binary system has been studied. Preliminary single metal sorption experiments were carried out. An improvement on the Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions removal was achieved by working at 30 °C temperature and with non-uniform biosorbent grain sizes. A 60 min equilibrium time was achieved for both Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions. Furthermore, it was found that the overall kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Classical multi-component adsorption isotherms have been tested as well as a modified extended Langmuir isotherm model, showing good agreement with the equilibrium binary data. Around 0.65 mequiv./g maximum metal uptake associated with the E. crassipes biosorbent was attained and the E. crassipes biosorbent has shown higher adsorption affinity for the zinc ions than for the cadmium ones in the binary system.
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Técnicas de Cultivo Celular por Lotes/métodos , Cadmio/aislamiento & purificación , Eichhornia/metabolismo , Zinc/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Biodegradación Ambiental , Iones , Cinética , Modelos Químicos , Propiedades de Superficie , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an economically important arbovirus of ruminants transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Vector control using residual spraying or application to livestock is recommended by many authorities to reduce BTV transmission; however, the impact of these measures in terms of both inflicting mortality on Culicoides and subsequently upon BTV transmission is unclear. This study consisted of a standardized World Health Organization laboratory assay to determine the susceptibility of European Culicoides species to deltamethrin and a field trial based upon allowing individuals of a laboratory strain of Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen to feed upon sheep treated with Butox 7.5 pour-on (a deltamethrin-based topical formulation). Susceptibility in the laboratory trial was higher in colony C. nubeculosus (24-h LC90 = 0.00106%), than in field populations of Culicoides obsoletus Meigen (24-h LC90 = 0.00203%) or Culicoides imicola Kieffer (24-h LC90 = 0.00773%). In the field, the pour-on formulation was tested with a total of 816 C. nubeculosus specimens fed upon on the thigh of treated sheep. The study revealed a maximum mortality rate of 49% at 4 d postapplication, and duration of lethal effect was predicted to be as short as 10 d, despite testing being carried out with a highly susceptible strain. The reasons for this low efficacy are discussed with reference both to the potential for lack of spread of the active ingredient on the host and feeding patterns of the major potential vector species on the sheep host. Practical implications for vector control strategies during BTV incursions are also detailed.
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Ceratopogonidae/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/farmacología , Nitrilos/farmacología , Piretrinas/farmacología , Administración Tópica , Aerosoles , Animales , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Insecticidas/química , Nitrilos/administración & dosificación , Nitrilos/química , Piretrinas/administración & dosificación , Piretrinas/químicaRESUMEN
This study is focused on the analysis of an accumulation of inorganic elements in muscles, liver and gonad of seven fish species from São Francisco River located in the Paraná state of Brazil. Concentrations of the elements were determined using the SR-TXRF technique. In the muscles of fish species, negative length dependent relationships were observed for chromium and zinc ion absorption. The obtained results showed that accumulated Cr ions values are above the limits defined in the Brazilian legislative norm on food.
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Peces/metabolismo , Gónadas/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Animales , Brasil , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of rosiglitazone 4 mg/day was to examine its effect on insulin sensitivity index (SI) and glucose utilization (SG) in clozapine-treated subjects with schizophrenia with insulin resistance. METHOD: Eighteen subjects were randomized and accessed with a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIVGTT) at baseline and at week 8 to estimate SG and SI. RESULTS: Controlling for the baseline, comparing the rosiglitazone group with placebo group, there was a non-significant improvement in SG (0.016 +/- 0.006-0.018 +/- 0.008, effect size = 0.23, P = 0.05) with a trend of improvement in SI in the rosiglitazone group (4.6 +/- 2.8-7.8 +/- 6.7, effect size = 0.18, P = 0.08). There was a significant reduction in small low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) particle number (987 +/- 443-694 +/- 415, effect size = 0.30, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone may have a role in addressing insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities associated with clozapine.
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Clozapina/efectos adversos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Síndrome Metabólico/inducido químicamente , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiazolidinedionas/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Glucemia/metabolismo , LDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Placebos , Rosiglitazona , Esquizofrenia/metabolismoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: This study sought to examine the effectiveness of sibutramine, a weight loss agent, on clozapine-associated weight gain. METHOD: This was a 12-week double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial of sibutramine for weight loss in obese clozapine-treated schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder subjects. RESULTS: Ten patients were enrolled into the placebo group and 11 patients into the sibutramine group. There were no significant baseline differences between the two groups on age, gender, education, ethnicity, diagnosis, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure. At week 12, there were no significant differences in changes in weight, BMI, abdominal and waist circumferences, Hba1c, fasting glucose, or cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: Sibutramine treatment did not show significant weight loss compared with placebo in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Further research with a larger sample size and longer follow-up duration is warranted.
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Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Depresores del Apetito/farmacología , Depresores del Apetito/uso terapéutico , Clozapina/efectos adversos , Ciclobutanos/farmacología , Ciclobutanos/uso terapéutico , Obesidad/inducido químicamente , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Antropometría , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Glucemia/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/sangre , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Método Doble Ciego , Ayuno , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/metabolismo , Trastornos Psicóticos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We studied a sample of schizophrenia out-patients to test the hypotheses that serum homocysteine concentrations would correlate positively with measures of glucose metabolism. METHOD: Subjects underwent a nutritional assessment and fasting plasma, serum insulin and homocysteine tests. RESULTS: Males had a significantly higher homocysteine levels than females (7.69 +/- 1.42 microM vs. 6.63 +/- 1.40 microM; P = 0.02). Comparing subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG) (glucose < 100 mg/dl) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (> or = 100 mg/dl) subjects with IFG (mean 8.2 +/- 1.5 microM) had significantly higher homocysteine levels than those with NFG (mean 7.2 +/- 1.4 microM, P = 0.03). IFG was also associated with greater mean values for a Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.002) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION: The group with IFG had higher fasting serum homocysteine concentrations than those with NFG which supports a connection to an important cardiovascular risk factor.
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Glucemia/metabolismo , Homocisteína/sangre , Trastornos Psicóticos/sangre , Esquizofrenia/sangre , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapéutico , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Centros Comunitarios de Salud Mental , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Homeostasis/fisiología , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación Nutricional , Olanzapina , Estado Prediabético/sangre , Estado Prediabético/diagnóstico , Trastornos Psicóticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Riesgo , Risperidona/uso terapéutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores Sexuales , Estadística como Asunto , Relación Cintura-CaderaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We conducted this 6-week open-label trial to examine the effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated subjects on weight, lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. METHOD: Ten clozapine-treated subjects received aripiprazole augmentation; eight completed the 6-week trial and two ended at week 4. Eighty percent were male, the mean age was 38.7 +/- 8.9 years and the mean clozapine dose was 455 +/- 83 mg daily. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in weight (P = 0.003), body mass index (P = 0.004), fasting total serum cholesterol (P = 0.002) and total triglycerides (P = 0.04) comparing baseline to study endpoint. There was no significant change in total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores. CONCLUSION: This combination may be useful for clozapine-associated medical morbidity and must be studied in placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trials to determine efficacy and safety.
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Antipsicóticos/administración & dosificación , Clozapina/administración & dosificación , Piperazinas/administración & dosificación , Trastornos Psicóticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinolonas/administración & dosificación , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Atención Ambulatoria , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Aripiprazol , Glucemia/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/sangre , Clozapina/efectos adversos , Centros Comunitarios de Salud Mental , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piperazinas/efectos adversos , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Trastornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Quinolonas/efectos adversos , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
AIMS: The chemical composition of ethanol extracts from a Brazilian (Et-Bra) and a Bulgarian (Et-Blg) propolis, and their activity against the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, several fungi and bacteria species were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: The chemical composition was determined by high temperature high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Microbiological activity was assayed in vitro against T. cruzi, Candida albicans, Sporothrix schenckii, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Et-Bra and Et-Blg, although with totally distinct compositions, were active against T. cruzi and the three species of fungi. Et-Blg was more effective than Et-Bra against bacteria, particularly N. meningitidis and Strep. pneumoniae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Although with different classes of components, both propolis extracts showed microbicidal activity. For the bactericidal activity it was possible to establish a positive correlation with the high content of flavonoids of the Bulgarian extract.