Does enhancement filter application increase the diagnostic accuracy of misfit detection at the implant-prosthesis interface?

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Misfits at the implant-prosthesis interface may increase complications in dental implants and affect peri-implant tissue health. Periapical radiographs are the most used imaging examinations for detecting misfits at the implant-prosthesis interface, although digital systems have largely replaced film-based radiographs. Whether postprocessing tools such as enhancement filters assist diagnosis by highlighting misfits is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of enhancement filter application in the diagnostic accuracy of misfit detection at the implant-prosthesis interface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 32 dental implants were placed in dry human mandibles. A polyester strip was inserted at the implant-prosthesis interface to simulate a 50-µm misfit; prosthetic crowns installed directly on the implant platforms were used as controls. Standard paralleling periapical images were acquired by using a semidirect system (photostimulable phosphor plate) with the application of Highlight, Invert, and Colorization filters, as well as a direct system (metal oxide complementary semiconductor sensor) with filters Sharpness 3, Invert, and Pseudocolorization. Oral radiologists evaluated the images with and without the application of filters. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (Az values), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were calculated. The Az values were compared with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves comparison test of the Epidat 3.1 software (α=.05). RESULTS: Although images without filter application presented descriptively higher diagnostic values than those with filter application, the Az values for images with and without filter application in both semidirect and direct systems showed no significant differences (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Enhancement filter application did not significantly influence the diagnostic accuracy of misfit detection at the implant-prosthesis interface.

Foliar fertilization at the establishment of marandu, mavuno, mulato and ypyporã grasses

Foliar fertilization with macro and micro minerals for the forage grasses establishment can be a less costly alternative for the farmer, however the possible beneÀ ts of this management technique still need to be better studied. The objective with this work was to evaluate the physiological, productive and structural responses of grasses of the Urochloa genus, depending on the application or not of foliar fertilizer during the plant establishment. Four experiments were carried out, in each of which one of the following forage grasses was evaluated: Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa spp. Mulatto II, Urochloa spp. Mavuno and Urochloa spp. Ipyporã. All the experiments were carried out from November 2018 to March 2019, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The experimental area of each experiment consisted of four plots with 12.25 m², where half the area of the plots received foliar fertilizer (FH PASTAGEM FOLIAR, with 14% N; 12% P; 12% K; 0.38 % Mg; 10.2% S; 0.24% Cu; 0.18% Mn and 0.63% Zn) and the other half did not. The response variables were evaluated: spad index, leaf area index, canopy light interception, forage production and root density. In all experiments, the foliar fertilizer application during the establishment of Marandu, Mulato II, Mavuno and Ipyporã grasses did not inÁ uence (P>0,05) the spad and leaf area indexes, forage production and root density.(AU)

Morphogenesis of age groups of marandu palisadegrass tillers during the stockpiling period

The stockpiled forage canopy consists of tillers at different ages, which have specific development patterns. The objective was to understand the development of Urochloa brizanthacv. Marandu during the stockpiling period, by the morphogenic evaluation of tillers at different ages. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Three tillers ages (young, mature and old) and two periods of stockpiling (initial and final) were evaluated. The leaf appearance and elongation rates were higher in young tillers (0.05 tiller-1day-1and 0.62 cm tiller-1day-1, respectively), compared to old tillers (0.02 tiller leaf-1day-1and 0.20 cm tiller-1day-1, respectively). The final leaf length of the tillers' age groups was the same in the beginning of stockpiling. The number of live leaves was lower in the old tillers (2.4), compared to the young (3.6) and mature (4.1) ones, contrary to the stem length. The number of old tillers (800 tillers m-2) was higher than the young (299 tillers m-2) and mature ones (358 tillers m-²). The participation of different age groups of tillersin the canopy influences the development and structure of marandu palisadegrass.(AU)

Contribution of tiller age category to herbage accumulation of Marandu palisadegrass under two fertilization regimes / Contribuição da categoria de idade do perfilho para o acúmulo de forragem de capim-marandu sob dois regimes de fertilização

Based on the hypothesis that climate and fertilizers influence the proportion of tiller age categories in the canopy and, consequently, in herbage accumulation, the objective of this study was to determine the population density and the contribution of tiller age categories for herbage accumulation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the year and in response to phosphate and nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of two fertilization strategies: low and high fertilization and three tiller ages (young, mature and old), evaluated at four times of the year: winter, early and late spring, and summer. The total number of tillers and the proportion of young tillers were higher in late spring and summer. The growth and herbage accumulation rates showed a typical seasonal pattern and were higher in the canopy under high fertilization. Old tillers contributed more to control the total stem growth rate, as well as the canopy senescence rate. The highest percentage of young tillers is related to the high herbage accumulation in the Marandu palisadegrass canopy.(AU)

Levando em consideração que os fertilizantes e o clima podem influenciar na faixa etária de perfilhos de um dossel e consequentemente no acúmulo de forragem, o objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a densidade populacional e a contruibuição das faixas etárias de perfilhos para o acúmulo de forragem Uruchloa brizanta cv Marandu durante o ano e em resposta a fertização com fosfato e nitrogênio. O tratamento foi constituido de duas estratégias de fertilização: baixa e alta fertilização e três faixas etárias de perfilhos (jovem, maduro e velho) avaliadas em quatro épocas do ano (inverno, início e fim da primavera e verão). O número total de perfilhos e a proporção de perfilhos jovens foram maiores no final da primavera e no verão. As taxas de crescimento e de acumulação de forragem mostraram um padrão sazonal típico e foram maiores no dossel com alto nivel de fertilização do que com baixo nível de fertilizante. O perfilho velho contribuiu mais para controlar as taxas de crescimento total do caule, bem como para a taxa de senescência do dossel. A maior porcentagem de perfilhos jovens está relacionada ao alto acúmulo de forragem no dossel do capimmarandu.(AU)

O conteúdo "lutas" nas aulas de educação física em escolas do Oeste do Paraná / The thematic unit "martial arts" in physical education classes in schools in Western Paraná / Las lucha de contenidos en las clases de educación física en las escuelas del Oeste de Paraná

O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar se os professores de Educação Física desenvolvem o tema "lutas" em suas aulas. Participaram do estudo oito professores de Educação Física de escolas públicas da microrregião oeste do estado do Paraná - Brasil. Foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram tratados segundo a análise do conteúdo. Como resultados, verificamos que os professores desenvolvem o conteúdo "lutas" insuficientemente, utilizam apenas as atividades que dominam, são dependentes de materiais de apoio e, geralmente, ministram aulas teóricas ou realizam visitas com seus alunos às academias e trazem professores convidados. Concluímos que o tema "lutas" é pouco trabalhado em razão da formação inicial insuficiente, bem como necessita-se de uma formação continuada para essa abordagem (AU).

The objective was to verify if physical education teachers develop the theme "fights" in physical education classes. Eight Physical Education teachers from public schools in the western micro-region of the state of Paraná - Brazil participated in the study. A semi-structured interview was used, and the data were treated according to the content analysis. As a result, teachers develop the content " fights " insufficiently, developing only the activities they know, are dependent on support materials and teach theoretical classes or make visits with their students to the academies or bring in invited teachers. We conclude that the theme "fights" is little discussed, due to its insufficient initial training, as well as needing continued training for this thematization (AU).

El objetivo fue verificar si los profesores de educación física desarrollan el tema "luchas" en las clases de educación física. En el estudio participaron ocho profesores de Educación Física de escuelas públicas de la microrregión occidental del estado de Paraná - Brasil. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada y los datos se trataron según el análisis de contenido. Como resultado, los docentes desarrollan los contenidos "luchas" de manera insuficiente, desarrollando solo las actividades que conocen, dependen de materiales de apoyo y generalmente imparten clases teóricas o realizan visitas con sus alumnos a las academias o traen profesores invitados. Concluimos que el tema "luchas" es poco discutido, por su insuficiente formación inicial, además de necesitar formación continua para esta tematización (AU).

O conteúdo "lutas" nas aulas de educação física em escolas do Oeste do Paraná / The thematic unit "martial arts" in physical education classes in schools in Western Paraná / Las lucha de contenidos en las clases de educación física en las escuelas del Oeste de Paraná

O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar se os professores de Educação Física desenvolvem o tema "lutas" em suas aulas. Participaram do estudo oito professores de Educação Física de escolas públicas da microrregião oeste do estado do Paraná - Brasil. Foi utilizada uma entre-vista semiestruturada e os dados foram tratados segundo a análise do conteúdo. Como resultados, verificamos que os professores desenvol-vem o conteúdo "lutas" insuficientemente, utilizam apenas as atividades que dominam, são dependentes de materiais de apoio e, geralmente, ministram aulas teóricas ou realizam visitas com seus alunos às acade-mias e trazem professores convidados. Concluímos que o tema "lutas" é pouco trabalhado em razão da formação inicial insuficiente, bem como necessita-se de uma formação continuada para essa abordagem.

The objective was to verify if physical education teachers develop the theme "fights" in physical education classes. Eight Physical Education teachers from public schools in the western micro-region of the state of Paraná - Brazil participated in the study. A semi-structured interview was used, and the data were treated according to the content analysis. As a result, teachers develop the content " fights " insufficiently, developing only the activities they know, are dependent on support materials and teach theoretical classes or make visits with their students to the academies or bring in invited teachers. We conclude that the theme "fights" is little discussed, due to its insufficient initial training, as well as needing continued training for this thematization.

El objetivo fue verificar si los profesores de educación física desarrollan el tema "luchas" en las clases de educación física. En el estudio participaron ocho profesores de Educación Física de escuelas públicas de la microrregión occidental del estado de Paraná - Brasil. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada y los datos se trataron según el análisis de contenido. Como resultado, los docentes desarrollan los contenidos "luchas" de manera insuficiente, desarrollando solo las actividades que conocen, dependen de materiales de apoyo y generalmente imparten clases teóricas o realizan visitas con sus alumnos a las academias o traen profesores invitados. Concluimos que el tema "luchas" es poco discutido, por su insuficiente formación inicial, además de necesitar formación continua para esta tematización.

Structure of differed Marandu palisade grass with variables nitrogen doses and heights / Estrutura do capim-marandu diferido com alturas e doses de nitrogênio crescente

This study aims to evaluate the effects of height (15 and 30 cm) and nitrogen dose (N, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) at the beginning of the stockpiling period on the structural characteristics of the Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu palisade grass) during winter. The falling index of the plant did not vary with the factors under scrutiny (P>0,10). The number of basal tillers was higher (P<0,10) in the 15-cm deferred canopy than in the 30-cm canopy only when the highest N dose was used. Under conditions of application of 0 or 80 kg ha-1 of N, the 30-cm stockpiled canopies showed a higher (P<0,10) forage mass than the 15-cm ones. Associated with reduced canopy height at the beginning of stockpiling period, nitrogen fertilization improves the morphological composition of Marandu palisade grass. To maximize the forage mass in the dry season, the canopies of Marandu palisade grass can be deferred either at 15 cm (fertilized with about 100 kg ha-1 of N) or at 30 cm (with no nitrogen fertilization) at the beginning of the stockpiling period.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da altura (15 e 30 cm) e da dose de nitrogênio (N, 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) no início do período de diferimento sobre as características estruturais da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu) durante o inverno. O índice de tombamento da planta não variou com os fatores estudados (P>0,10). O número de perfilho basal foi maior (P<10) no dossel diferido com 15 cm do que naquele com 30 cm apenas quando a maior dose de N foi utilizada. Nas condições em que N não foi aplicado e quando 80 kg ha-1 de N foi empregado, os dosséis diferidos com 30 cm apresentaram maior (P<10) massa de forragem do que aqueles com 15 cm. Associada à redução da altura do dossel no início do período de diferimento, a adubação nitrogenada melhora a composição morfológica do capim-marandu. Para maximizar a massa de forragem na época seca do ano, os dosséis de capimmarandu podem, no início do período de diferimento, ser diferidos (i) com 15 cm e adubados com cerca de 100 kg ha-1 de N ou (ii) com 30 cm e sem adubação nitrogenada.

Structure of differed Marandu palisade grass with variables nitrogen doses and heights / Estrutura do capim-marandu diferido com alturas e doses de nitrogênio crescente

This study aims to evaluate the effects of height (15 and 30 cm) and nitrogen dose (N, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) at the beginning of the stockpiling period on the structural characteristics of the Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu palisade grass) during winter. The falling index of the plant did not vary with the factors under scrutiny (P>0,10). The number of basal tillers was higher (P<0,10) in the 15-cm deferred canopy than in the 30-cm canopy only when the highest N dose was used. Under conditions of application of 0 or 80 kg ha-1 of N, the 30-cm stockpiled canopies showed a higher (P<0,10) forage mass than the 15-cm ones. Associated with reduced canopy height at the beginning of stockpiling period, nitrogen fertilization improves the morphological composition of Marandu palisade grass. To maximize the forage mass in the dry season, the canopies of Marandu palisade grass can be deferred either at 15 cm (fertilized with about 100 kg ha-1 of N) or at 30 cm (with no nitrogen fertilization) at the beginning of the stockpiling period.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da altura (15 e 30 cm) e da dose de nitrogênio (N, 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) no início do período de diferimento sobre as características estruturais da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu) durante o inverno. O índice de tombamento da planta não variou com os fatores estudados (P>0,10). O número de perfilho basal foi maior (P<10) no dossel diferido com 15 cm do que naquele com 30 cm apenas quando a maior dose de N foi utilizada. Nas condições em que N não foi aplicado e quando 80 kg ha-1 de N foi empregado, os dosséis diferidos com 30 cm apresentaram maior (P<10) massa de forragem do que aqueles com 15 cm. Associada à redução da altura do dossel no início do período de diferimento, a adubação nitrogenada melhora a composição morfológica do capim-marandu. Para maximizar a massa de forragem na época seca do ano, os dosséis de capimmarandu podem, no início do período de diferimento, ser diferidos (i) com 15 cm e adubados com cerca de 100 kg ha-1 de N ou (ii) com 30 cm e sem adubação nitrogenada.(AU)

Mowing and lowering the marandu palisadegrass sward height at late winter improve the sward structure / A roçada e a redução da altura do capim-marandu no final do inverno melhora a estrutura do pasto

The structure of the sward is important because it influences the responses of plants and animals in grazing conditions. The objective with this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics of the Marandu palisade grass pasture (Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha) during spring and summer, depending on the condition of the sward at the end of winter. Four grazing conditions at the end of winter were evaluated: short (24.1 cm), short (25.2 cm)/mown (8 cm), tall (49.0 cm) and tall (50.0 cm)/mown (8 cm). The foliar area index was lower in the tall pasture than in the tall/mown pasture. The mass and the volumetric density of dead stem were higher in the tall pasture, intermediate in the short pasture, and lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the grazing period, the live stem mass was higher in the tall pasture. At the beginning and middle of the grazing period, the volumetric density of dead leaf lamina was lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the pasture period, the short pasture had a higher tiller number (TN). In the middle of the grazing period, the short and short/mown pastures had higher TN. At the end of the pasture period, the lowest TN value occurred in the tall pasture. The tall pasture at the end of winter presents an unfavorable structure to the animal in grazing, while the mowing and reduction in the height of the marandu palisade grass improves the structure of the sward in spring and summer.

A estrutura do pasto é importante porque influencia as respostas de plantas e animais em condições de pastejo. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar as características estruturais do pasto de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha) durante a primavera e o verão, em função da condição do pasto no fim do inverno. Quatro condições de pasto no fim do inverno foram avaliadas: baixo (24,1 cm), baixo (25,2 cm)/roçado (8 cm), alto (49,0 cm) e alto (50,0 cm)/roçado (8 cm). O índice de área foliar foi menor no pasto alto do que no pasto alto/roçado. A massa e a densidade volumétrica de colmo morto foram maiores no pasto alto, intermediárias no pasto baixo, e inferiores nos pastos roçados. No início do período de pastejo, a massa de colmo vivo foi maior no pasto alto. No início e meio do período de pastejo, a densidade volumétrica de lâmina foliar morta foi menor nos pastos roçados. No início do período de pastejo, o pasto baixo apresentou maior número de perfilho (NP). No meio do período de pastejo, os pastos baixo e baixo/roçado tiveram maior NP. No fim do período de pastejo, o menor valor de NP ocorreu no pasto alto. O pasto alto no fim do inverno apresenta estrutura desfavorável ao animal em pastejo, enquanto que a roçada e a redução da altura do capim-marandu melhora a estrutura do pasto na primavera e no verão.

Tillering and characterisation of tillers on marandu palisadegrass deferred and fertilised with nitrogen / Perfilhamento e caracterização de perfilhos do capim-marandu diferido e adubado com nitrogênio

Evaluations of tillering dynamics and characteristics of the individual tillers allow the changes that occur in the growth and structure of the deferred and nitrogen (N) fertilised pasture to be understood. This work was carried out to evaluate the tillering and morphological characteristics of basal tillers in deferred canopies of Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass) submitted to two N doses (50 and 200 kg ha-1). The evaluations were carried out at the beginning, middle and end of the deferment period. The experimental design was completely randomised in split-plot design with four replications. Tiller appearance rate (TAR) was higher at the beginning than in the middle and at the end of the deferment period, contrary to that observed for the number and weight of the tiller. Tiller mortality rate (TMR) was higher at the end than at the beginning and in the middle of the deferment period. The tiller population stability index (SI) was similar at the beginning and middle, but lower at the end of the deferment period. The leaf area of the tiller was higher in the middle compared to at the beginning and end of deferment. N dose did not influence TAR, TMR and SI. The canopy fertilised with 200 kg ha-1 of N presented a higher number and weight of tiller compared to the canopy fertilised with 50 kg ha-1 of N. The N increases the number and weight of tillers, but does not change tillering dynamics during the deferment period for marandu palisadegrass. The tillering decreases and the morphological composition of the tiller worsens with the increase in the deferment period in marandu palisadegrass.(AU)

As avaliações da dinâmica do perfilhamento e das características dos perfilhos individuais permitem compreender as modificações que ocorrem no crescimento e na estrutura do pasto diferido e adubado com nitrogênio (N). Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o perfilhamento e as características morfológicas dos perfilhos basais em dosséis diferidos de Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu) submetidos a duas doses de N (50 e 200 kg ha-1). As avaliações foram realizadas no início, meio e fim do período de diferimento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. A taxa de aparecimento de perfilho (TApP) foi maior no início do que no meio e fim do período de diferimento, contrariamente ao observado para o número e o peso do perfilho. A taxa de mortalidade de perfilho (TMoP) foi maior no fim do que no início e meio do período de diferimento. O índice de estabilidade (IE) de perfilhos foi semelhante no início e meio, mas inferior no fim do período de diferimento. A área foliar do perfilho foi maior no meio, em comparação ao início e fim do diferimento. A dose de N não influenciou a TApP, a TMoP e o IE. O dossel adubado com 200 kg ha-1 de N apresentou maiores peso e número de perfilhos, em comparação ao dossel adubado com 50 kg ha-1 de N. O N aumenta o número e o peso de perfilhos, mas não modifica a dinâmica do perfilhamento durante o período de diferimento do capim-marandu. O perfilhamento e a percentagem de lâmina foliar viva do perfilho diminuem com o aumento do período de diferimento do capim-marandu.(AU)

Use of allometry and skinfold thicknesses to estimate the fat mass of circumpubertal boys.

Background: In the pubertal period, each part of the body grows at different rates. This makes the relationship between the parts nonlinear. Particularly, the fat mass (FM) of boys tends to decrease, further exacerbating the issue of linearity in growth.Aim: To propose predictive models of FM from skinfolds (SF) adjusted allometrically.Subjects and methods: 75 pubertal boys (14.4 ± 0.9 years) composed the sample by self-selected pubic hair. FM was determined by DXA (FMDXA) (kg), stature (cm), body mass (kg) and nine SF (mm) by anthropometric measurements. The SF were individually adjusted allometrically. FMDXA (Y) values and each anthropometric independent variable-IV (X) underwent logarithmic transformation. Linear regressions were used. The significance of the prediction of the FMDXA of each model (ANOVA) and the concordance analysis (Bland-Altman) were performed.Results: Predictive allometric models of FMDXA showed high determination coefficients (r2) and reduced standard errors of estimation (SEE). The adjusted model involved reduced agreement limits, demonstrating its accuracy.Conclusions: It was possible to propose models with allometric adjustments to estimate FM of pubertal boys. Allometry may aid in the development of predictive linear models of body composition, since it has an indicative capacity of the variables for estimation.

Tillering and characterisation of tillers on marandu palisadegrass deferred and fertilised with nitrogen / Perfilhamento e caracterização de perfilhos do capim-marandu diferido e adubado com nitrogênio

Evaluations of tillering dynamics and characteristics of the individual tillers allow the changes that occur in the growth and structure of the deferred and nitrogen (N) fertilised pasture to be understood. This work was carried out to evaluate the tillering and morphological characteristics of basal tillers in deferred canopies of Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass) submitted to two N doses (50 and 200 kg ha-1). The evaluations were carried out at the beginning, middle and end of the deferment period. The experimental design was completely randomised in split-plot design with four replications. Tiller appearance rate (TAR) was higher at the beginning than in the middle and at the end of the deferment period, contrary to that observed for the number and weight of the tiller. Tiller mortality rate (TMR) was higher at the end than at the beginning and in the middle of the deferment period. The tiller population stability index (SI) was similar at the beginning and middle, but lower at the end of the deferment period. The leaf area of the tiller was higher in the middle compared to at the beginning and end of deferment. N dose did not influence TAR, TMR and SI. The canopy fertilised with 200 kg ha-1 of N presented a higher number and weight of tiller compared to the canopy fertilised with 50 kg ha-1 of N. The N increases the number and weight of tillers, but does not change tillering dynamics during the deferment period for marandu palisadegrass. The tillering decreases and the morphological composition of the tiller worsens with the increase in the deferment period in marandu palisadegrass.

As avaliações da dinâmica do perfilhamento e das características dos perfilhos individuais permitem compreender as modificações que ocorrem no crescimento e na estrutura do pasto diferido e adubado com nitrogênio (N). Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o perfilhamento e as características morfológicas dos perfilhos basais em dosséis diferidos de Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu) submetidos a duas doses de N (50 e 200 kg ha-1). As avaliações foram realizadas no início, meio e fim do período de diferimento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. A taxa de aparecimento de perfilho (TApP) foi maior no início do que no meio e fim do período de diferimento, contrariamente ao observado para o número e o peso do perfilho. A taxa de mortalidade de perfilho (TMoP) foi maior no fim do que no início e meio do período de diferimento. O índice de estabilidade (IE) de perfilhos foi semelhante no início e meio, mas inferior no fim do período de diferimento. A área foliar do perfilho foi maior no meio, em comparação ao início e fim do diferimento. A dose de N não influenciou a TApP, a TMoP e o IE. O dossel adubado com 200 kg ha-1 de N apresentou maiores peso e número de perfilhos, em comparação ao dossel adubado com 50 kg ha-1 de N. O N aumenta o número e o peso de perfilhos, mas não modifica a dinâmica do perfilhamento durante o período de diferimento do capim-marandu. O perfilhamento e a percentagem de lâmina foliar viva do perfilho diminuem com o aumento do período de diferimento do capim-marandu.

Influence of magnetic field on barium sulfate incrustation from aqueous solutions.

The formation of scales in the petroleum industry, such as those composed of calcium and barium sulfates, may reduce productivity since these sediments can partially or totally obstruct the pipes. The mitigation of these inorganic precipitates can be accomplished by using scale inhibitors or by non-intrusive physical technologies. Here, we investigated the influence of magnetic field on the incrustations of barium sulfate by analyzing the concentration of barium and sulfate ions, the solution flow rate, the capillary tube geometry, and the magnetic field intensity in a homemade experimental unit supported on the monitoring of the dynamic differential pressure. The results show that the saline concentration and the flow rate of the solutions and the geometry of the capillary tube have a significant influence on the dynamics of barium sulfate incrustation. The presence of the magnetic field tends to prolong the induction time of the barium sulfate precipitation. A semi-empirical model was used to describe the effect of the studied variables on the barium sulfate incrustation behavior. The X-ray diffraction data of the precipitated particles analyzed using the Rietveld method suggest that the use of the magnetic field favor the formation of more crystalline particles and with smaller crystallite size than those formed in the absence of a magnetic field. Optical and scanning electron microscopy measurements also corroborate with these findings. The results from this study suggest that magnetic fields can be of interest in practical crystallization processes of barium sulfate and successfully applied to decrease the speed of barium sulfate incrustation in pipelines.

GATA2 mutation in long stand Mycobacterium kansasii infection, myelodysplasia and MonoMAC syndrome: a case-report.

BACKGROUND: GATA2 is a transcription factor that is a critical regulator of gene expression in hematopoietic cells. GATA2 deficiency presents with multi-lineage cytopenia, mycobacterial, fungal and viral infections. Patients with GATA2 mutation have a high risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. CASE PRESENTATION: We described a 43 years-old white male with 20-year follow-up of autoimmune and thrombotic phenomena, hypothyroidism, disseminated refractory Mycobacterium kansasii infection and MonoMAC syndrome. GATA2 c.1061 C > T; p.T354 M mutation was identified after he progressed from myelodysplastic pancytopenia to refractory anemia with excess blasts type II. His relatives were also investigated and he underwent unsuccessful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We discuss the clinical features, genetic diagnosis and treatment of this immunodeficiency disorder. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the challenge how a multidisciplinary disease should be handle. Once usual causes of immunodeficiency were excluded, clinicians should considerGATA2 deficiency in patients with myelodysplasia and long-standing Mycobacterium kansasii infection.

THPO gene variants in patients with acquired aplastic anemia

ABSTRACT Background: Human aplastic anemia is a hematologic disease characterized by low peripheral blood cell counts associated with reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and a hypocellular bone marrow. Thrombopoietin (THPO) regulates megakaryocytes, but it also stimulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Biallelic mutations in the THPO gene have been reported in a family with recessive inherited aplastic anemia. Methods: This study screened 83 patients diagnosed with acquired aplastic anemia and 92 paired healthy controls for germline variants in the THPO gene using Sanger sequencing. Results: Three common single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in patients and controls at comparable allele frequencies. There was no correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism carrier status and platelet counts at diagnosis. Conclusion: The presence of THPO polymorphisms is comparable between patients with acquired aplastic anemia and healthy individuals.

Multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis (tolerance to extreme desiccation) in the nematode Panagrolaimus superbus

Abstract The molecular basis of anhydrobiosis, the state of suspended animation entered by some species during extreme desiccation, is still poorly understood despite a number of transcriptome and proteome studies. We therefore conducted functional screening by RNA interference (RNAi) for genes involved in anhydrobiosis in the holo-anhydrobiotic nematode Panagrolaimus superbus. A new method of survival analysis, based on staining, and proof-of-principle RNAi experiments confirmed a role for genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance, while a novel medium-scale RNAi workflow identified a further 40 anhydrobiosis-associated genes, including several involved in proteostasis, DNA repair and signal transduction pathways. This suggests that multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis in P. superbus.

Multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis (tolerance to extreme desiccation) in the nematode Panagrolaimus superbus.

The molecular basis of anhydrobiosis, the state of suspended animation entered by some species during extreme desiccation, is still poorly understood despite a number of transcriptome and proteome studies. We therefore conducted functional screening by RNA interference (RNAi) for genes involved in anhydrobiosis in the holo-anhydrobiotic nematode Panagrolaimus superbus. A new method of survival analysis, based on staining, and proof-of-principle RNAi experiments confirmed a role for genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance, while a novel medium-scale RNAi workflow identified a further 40 anhydrobiosis-associated genes, including several involved in proteostasis, DNA repair and signal transduction pathways. This suggests that multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis in P. superbus.

Thermoliquefaction of palm oil fiber (Elaeis sp.) using supercritical ethanol.

Thermoliquefaction of palm oil fiber was investigated using supercritical ethanol as solvent. A semi-continuous laboratory scale unit was developed to investigate the effects of temperature (300-500°C), heating rate (10-30°C.min-1) and cracking time (10-30min) on the conversion of biomass in bio-oil. The main advantage of the proposed process is that a pure solvent is pumping through the reactor that contains the biomass, dispensing the use of biomass slurries. The yield of bio-oil ranged from 56% to 84%, depending on the experimental conditions. It was observed that an increase in working temperature led to an increase in the bio-oil production. Cracking time and heating rate variation had not shown a considerable effect on the conversion of biomass. The chemical profiles of bio-oil determined by GC/MS, indicate that at low temperature mainly sugar derivatives are produced, while at higher temperatures alcohols and phenolic are the majority compounds of the bio-oil.

A Saint Louis encephalitis and Rocio virus serosurvey in Brazilian horses.

INTRODUCTION: Arboviruses are an important public health problem in Brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and the Rocio virus (ROCV), are especially problematic. These viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. METHODS: A serological survey of horses from various regions of Brazil using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant SLEV domain III peptides and ROCV E protein as antigens. RESULTS: Overall, 415 (55.1%) of the 753 horses that were screened were seropositive for flavivirus and, among them, monotypic reactions were observed to SLEV in 93 (12.3%) and to ROCV in 46 (6.1%). These results suggested that these viruses, or other closely related viruses, are infecting horses in Brazil. However, none of the studied horses presented central nervous system infection symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that SLEV and ROCV previously circulated among horses in northeast, west-central and southeast Brazil.

A Saint Louis encephalitis and Rocio virus serosurvey in Brazilian horses

Introduction Arboviruses are an important public health problem in Brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and the Rocio virus (ROCV), are especially problematic. These viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. Methods A serological survey of horses from various regions of Brazil using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant SLEV domain III peptides and ROCV E protein as antigens. Results Overall, 415 (55.1%) of the 753 horses that were screened were seropositive for flavivirus and, among them, monotypic reactions were observed to SLEV in 93 (12.3%) and to ROCV in 46 (6.1%). These results suggested that these viruses, or other closely related viruses, are infecting horses in Brazil. However, none of the studied horses presented central nervous system infection symptoms. Conclusions Our results suggest that SLEV and ROCV previously circulated among horses in northeast, west-central and southeast Brazil. .