Effects of dietary fibre and olestra on regional apparent viscosity and water content of digesta residue in porcine large intestine.

BACKGROUND: Increased consumption of non-digested, non-absorbed substrates, such as dietary fibre, can lead to an increase in colonic transit rate and stool output. The effects of dietary fibre and olestra on the consistency and water content of digesta residue within the large bowel were not known. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fibre and olestra on regional dehydration and apparent viscosity of digesta residue throughout the large bowel. METHODS: Seventy-eight pigs were fed diet alone (control) or supplemented with 40 g/day or 80 g/day dietary fibre or olestra and sacrificed 24, 48, 96 or 192 h after initiation of dosing. The large bowel was removed, divided into 13 segments, and the digesta residue/stool was analysed for apparent viscosity (peak force for extrusion) and percentage water content. RESULTS: In control animals, digesta residue occurred as a continuum, from liquid in the cecum (87.9% water) to solid in the rectum (71. 5% water). The relatively small decrease in percentage water content (16.4%) resulted in a marked increase in mean apparent viscosity (liquid = 87 g peak force; solid=3919 g peak force). Dietary fibre increased the percentage water content of digesta residue throughout the large bowel. In contrast, olestra decreased the percentage water content of digesta residue in the mid and distal large bowel. At 40 g/day, dietary fibre showed a significant (P < 0.05) digesta residue/stool softening effect for all time points, beginning at 24-h (single dose). Olestra 40 g/day did not significantly soften digesta residue/stool until 48 h (2 doses, P < 0.05), and was not different from control at 96 h. At 80 g/day, both dietary fibre and olestra significantly (P < 0.01) softened digesta residue/stool at all time points. There were no liquid or oily stools at any dose or time-point. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively small changes in water content result in large changes in digesta residue/stool apparent viscosity. Dietary fibre increased digesta residue/stool water content throughout the bowel, resulting in softer digesta residue/stool. In contrast, olestra decreased stool water content, yet had a similar stool softening effect compared to dietary fibre.

Observations on the repair of distal radial osteotomies in the dog by double hook plates.

Distal radial osteotomies in the dog repaired with a double hook plate achieved early return to full function. All dogs in this study reached and maintained the desired clinical evaluation score of grade four by the third postoperative week. The average loss of total range of carpal joint motion was 36 degrees. The double hook plate provides stable fixation and can be applied with three point fixation to a bone segment as short as 12 mm.