Estudo anatômico, ultrassonográfico e tomográfico do aparato podotroclear de equinos adultos / Anatomic, tomographic and sonographic study of podotrochlear apparatus of adult horses

A síndrome do navicular é uma condição que envolve o aparato podotroclear e representa uma das causas mais comuns de claudicação dos membros torácicos de equinos. Portanto, o estudo complementar da região reveste-se de grande interesse quando se refere ao diagnóstico e tratamento das claudicações dos equinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar as diferenças dos achados imagenológicos entre a ultrassonografia e a tomografia computadorizada na avaliação das estruturas palmares do aparato podotroclear de equinos adultos e hígidos, bem como a descrição das estruturas observadas nas imagens obtidas com essas técnicas. Para isso, foram realizadas imagens de quatro peças anatômicas, as quais foram posteriormente seccionadas e utilizadas para a descrição anatômica. A utilização de peças anatômicas auxilia no conhecimento da anatomia normal, o que leva à melhor interpretação das imagens e aumenta a especificidade diagnóstica na detecção das alterações que as doenças acarretam. A ultrassonografia fornece informações relevantes quanto às estruturas estudadas, e sua associação com a tomografia computadorizada aumentou a acurácia da investigação. Apesar de o uso da tomografia computadorizada ser mais indicada para tecido ósseo, ela fornece informações importantes, podendo ser usada como uma ferramenta útil quando não se tem disponível a ressonância magnética em razão do custo ou da disponibilidade.(AU)

The navicular syndrome is a condition involving the podotrochlear apparatus and represents one of the most common causes of forelimb lameness in horses. Therefore, further study of this region is of interest when it comes to diagnosis and treatment of lameness in horses. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the differences between the imaging findings of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the evaluation of the palmar structures of the podotrochlear apparatus of healthy adult horses and description of the structures observed in images obtained with these techniques. For this, four images of four anatomical parts were performed, and subsequently sectioned and used for the anatomical description. The use of anatomical parts helps in the understanding of normal anatomy leading to a better interpretation of the images and increasing the specificity of the diagnostic for detecting changes that cause diseases. Ultrasonography provides relevant information about these structures to be studied and the association with computed tomography (CT) increased the accuracy of the investigation. Despite the use of CT being more suitable for bone tissue it provides important information and can be used as a useful tool when there is no available MRI.(AU)

Casuística dos exames de diagnóstico por imagem na medicina de animais selvagens - 2009 a 2010 / Casuistics of diagnostic imaging in wildlife medicine - from 2009 to 2010

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate in the casuistry on class and systems frequently diagnosed in wild animals that were sent to the FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu diagnostic imaging service. The class of birds was the most referred to the centers, followed by the mammals and reptiles. The majority of the requested tests were the radiographs and in a minor scale the tomography and ultrasound. Although the birds were the greatest number of animals sent to the service, mammals were the most radiographed for wound control. The most frequently observed system was the musculoskeletal caused by trauma, especially in birds. The radiograph was the most exam initially indicated, then the animal could be forwarded to other imaging modalities, which in wild animals medicine is still limited to research.

Association of 3D reconstruction and conventional radiography for the description of the appendicular skeleton of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824).

In this study, we associated imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and standard radiography, with anatomical specimens to describe the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria), using animals of different sizes, ages, sexes and weights. Manus and pes bones were described from conventional radiography and osteological specimens, because they have small structures that could not be reconstructed. The main anatomical feature that differentiates C. carbonaria from others Testudines is the ischial-pubic tuberculum. The pectoral girdle is formed by the union of two bones, the scapula and the coracoid, showing no bone connection with the shell. Carpal and tarsal bones can be fused or not and include: carporadial and central carpus, carpoulnar and V carpal, central tarsal and fibular tarsal, distal tarsal I and II. The phalangeal formula is 2:2:2:2:2 in the forelimb and 2:2:2:2:1 in the hind limb. Imaging examinations are important tools in anatomical description and can be used in living individuals, replacing or aiding the study with anatomical specimens.