[Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with mental disorders].

X-ray study is the main way of detecting tuberculosis in patients with mental disorsers. As dysadaptation progresses in the mentally ill, the detection rate of lung tissue destruction increases with the simultaneous reduction in the number of those discharging bacteria and the role of medical attendants increases in the goal-oriented selection of patients for an in-depth examination for a tuberculous process.

[Evaluation of the efficiency of a hospital stage of treatment in delivering antituberculous care to mental patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis].

The analysis of the results of treatment of two groups of patients from psychotuberculosis units of a mental hospital has shown the advantages of long-term continuous hospital treatment in these patients. In the patients receiving continuous hospital treatment for 3 years, positive changes in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis were observed in 83.5 +/- 2.8% of cases, which is 8 times more frequently than a progressive process (17 (10 +/- 2.3%) patients), p < 0.01. In those who were discharged from hospital many times due to their improved mental state, improvement was achieved in 57.4 +/- 6.3% and the chronic undulating course of the process was observed in 32.8 +/- 6%. It is stated that it is necessary to develop new statutory acts regulating the discharge of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and mental disorders (including chronic alcoholism) depending not only their mental state, but also the epidemic hazard they pose.

[Primary drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its impact on permanent disability in the Volgograd region].

In the past 5 years, there has been a rise in the number of patients with new-onset drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis from 32.3% to 44.0%. The pattern of primary resistance is marked by an increase in the proportion of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains, by the steady-state level of their isolation, and by a reduction in the detection rate of unidrug resistant strains. The efficiency of treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with primary MBT resistance depends on patient compliance. After 3-year follow-up, death occurred in 12.2% of the patients, the tuberculous process became chronic in 31.7%, and there was a relapse in 9.8%. The drug resistance of the causative agent affects the duration of disability due to tuberculosis to a greater extent than does multidrug resistance.