Occurrence of abomasal displacement in dairy cows from High-yielding dairy farms of Paraná state, Southern Brazil / Ocorrência do deslocamento de abomaso em vacas leiteiras de alta produção de fazendas do estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil

The present study aimed to verify the occurrence of displacement of the abomasum (DA) in dairy herds from a high-yielding dairy region of Southern Brazil. Data on breed, age, lactation number, days after calving, breeding system, number of animals, and number of lactating cows in the herd were obtained from 135 cases of DA. A total of 39 herds, and 6,454 cows, including 2,987 lactating cows from the municipality of Palmeira, Paraná State, were included in this study. The overall prevalence of DA was 2.09%, and occurrence of DA during lactation was 4.42%. Left displacement was more prevalent, with 94.07% of the cases. The mean number of lactations and age of the cows were 2.5±1.16 lactations and 50.9±18.5 months, respectively. DA occurred predominantly in the semi-intensive breeding system (68.1% of cases), during the first 4 weeks postpartum (84.4% of cases), in Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows (94.07% of cases), and during the winter (31.1% of cases). Cows with DA in high-yielding dairy farms in Southern Brazil were similar to cows from herds of high-milk-yielding regions of North America and Europe. Multiparous Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows showed the highest prevalence of DA during the transition period, mostly on the left side.

O presente estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência do deslocamento de abomaso (DA) em rebanhos leiteiros de uma bacia leiteira de alta produção, na região sul do Brasil. Dados sobre raça, idade, números de lactação, número de dias após o parto, sistema de criação, número total de animais e de vacas em lactação foram obtidos de 135 casos de DA. Trinta e nove rebanhos, 6.454 vacas, sendo 2.987 vacas em lactação da cidade de Palmeira, Estado do Paraná, foram incluídos neste estudo. A frequência de DA foi de 2,09%, sendo que em vacas lactantes esta frequência foi de 4,42%. O deslocamento à esquerda foi o mais prevalente, com 94,07% dos casos. O número médio de lactações e a idade das vacas acometidas por DA foram 2,5±1,16 lactações e 50,9±18,5 meses, respectivamente. O DA ocorreu predominantemente em animais criados no sistema semi-intensivo (68,1% dos casos), durante as primeiras quatro semanas pós-parto (84,4% dos casos), em vacas Holandesa branco e preta (94,07% dos casos) e durante o inverno (31,1% dos casos). As vacas com DA em rebanhos leiteiros de alta produção do Sul do Brasil apresentaram similaridades com vacas de rebanhos de alta produção localizados em outros países da América do Norte e Europa. Vacas multíparas, Holandesa Preto e Branca e durante o período de transição tiveram a maior ocorrência de DA, sendo a maioria para o lado esquerdo.

Correção de deformidade flexural da articulação metacarpofalangeana em uma bezerra / Correction of flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in a calf

Background: The congenital flexural deformity is common in cattle, often affecting the metacarpophalangeal joint of thethoracic limbs. The deformity may be mild, moderate, or severe, and the therapy depends on the limb’s degree of flexionand the affected joint. In severe deformities, tenotomy of the flexor tendons and desmotomy of the suspensor ligament isrecommended. However, this surgical technique may not be sufficient to promote limb extension, and other interventionsmay be necessary. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique to correct severe flexural deformities of themetacarpophalangeal joint in calves.Case: A 3-month-old, female, Dutch-bred calf weighing 46 kg was referred for treatment of congenital flexural deformity.On attendance, the patient presented severe deformity in the right thoracic limb and mild in the left thoracic limb both at theheight of the metacarpophalangeal joints. During palpation it was possible to notice that the flexor tendons were contractedin both limbs. Radiographic exams were performed to rule out the presence of other diseases, confirming the diagnosis offlexural deformity. The patient was referred to surgery to correct the anatomical anomaly. The animal was submitted to general anesthesia and placed in right lateral decubitus. In the left thoracic limb, an incision was made in the medial region ofthe metacarpal bone, the tissues were divulsioned until the superficial digital and deep digital flexor tendons were exposed;these structures were sectioned with a scalpel, and the limb was extended, returning to the standard anatomical position. Inthe right thoracic limb, the same procedure was performed, but during the limb extension test, we observed that the limbremained flexed, we then followed with a second incision and section of the deep...

Evaluation of the active concentration of two disinfectants based on glutaraldehyde and benzalkonium chloride and antimicrobial activity in vitro against Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium

Biosecurity, cleaning and disinfection of swine and poultry facilities are fundamental for the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms of importance for public and animal health. The objective of this work was to compare the levels of active ingredient described on the label and the real levels detected in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of two disinfectants., then evaluate the antimicrobial activity since, following the Germicidal Sanitizing Action and Disinfectant Detergent (Official Method AOAC 960.09) in four different dilutions with the presence of 3% organic matter during 15 min of contact, against Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). The product "A" presents active levels of agreement according to the label. The content of quantified assets for product "B" was lower than that recorded on the label. The disinfectant "A" was effective in microbiological evaluation while the disinfectant "B" had microbiocidal activity compromised by the deficit of assets.

An abortion storm in dairy cattle associated with neosporosis in southern Brazil.

Between December 2016 and April 2017, a spate of abortions occurred in a closed dairy herd from the central eastern region of Paraná, Brazil, in which 75 cows aborted. To identify its cause, organ fragments were collected from an aborted fetus for histopathology, and the blood samples from a stillborn, 4 aborted fetuses, and 9 farm dogs for indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). These tests found multifocal non-suppurative encephalitis, periportal hepatitis, and multifocal lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis, and detected anti-Neospora antibodies in all aborted fetuses, and in 5 of the 9 dogs. DNA of Neospora caninum was detected in the brain tissue of an aborted fetus. Blood samples of 340 cows and 146 heifers showed 33.5% and 30.8% seropositivity, respectively. In this closed herd, the parasite was probably introduced by infected domesticated or wild carnivores inhabiting the farm, through the infective oocysts present in their stool.

Coronaviroses em suínos / Coronaviruses in swine

Neste trabalho foi realizada uma revisão sobre as coronaviroses em suínos, mostrando suas diferentes características. A gastroenterite transmissível e diarreia epidêmica são doenças de grande importância, pois geram alta taxa de mortalidade em leitões lactentes e grande perda econômica. Esses vírus atingem os enterócitos, causando atrofia das vilosidades; os animais afetados apresentam diarreia aquosa, vômito, hiporexia e desidratação. Outros dois vírus surgiram recentemente, o delta coronavírus suíno e o vírus da síndrome da diarreia aguda suína, sendo que possuem patogenicidade e sinais clínicos semelhantes aos descritos nas doenças anteriores. Já o coronavírus respiratório suíno e o vírus da encefalomielite hemaglutinante possuem sinais clínicos distintos, o primeiro causa manifestação respiratória leve ou subclínica, e o segundo sinais neurológicos, vômito e emagrecimento, afetando, principalmente, animais com menos de quatro semanas. Como não existe tratamento específico para essas doenças, e as vacinas não conferem proteção total, um bom programa de biosseguridade é a principal forma de controlar e de prevenção.

This work aims to review about coronaviruses in swine, emblazoning there's differences. Transmissible gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea are imported diseases, as they generate a high mortality rate in lactating piglets and economic losses. These viruses reach enterocytes, causing villous atrophy; affected animals present watery diarrhea, vomiting, hypoxia and dehydration. Two other viruses have recently emerged, the swine deltacoronavirus and the swine acute diarrhea syndrome virus, which have pathogenicity and clinical signs similar to those described in previous diseases. In the other hand, the porcine respiratory coronavirus and the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus have distinct clinical signs. The first causes mild or subclinical respiratory manifestations and the second neurological signs, vomiting and emaciation, mostly affecting piglets younger than 4 weeks. As there is no specific treatment for these diseases, and vaccines do not provide full protection, a good biosecurity program is the main way to control and prevent them.

Action of benzalkonium chloride in different pH

Ammonium quaternary compounds are widely used in poultry and swine production as disinfectants in the control of pathogens. They act on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, enveloped fungi and viruses. However, in some conditions of pH and presence of organic matter can be inactivated. This study evaluated the action of ammonium quaternary compounds at 1:1,000 and 1:2,000 dilutions against Salmonella enterica serovarTyphimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in the presence of three different organic matter simulators, fetal bovine serum, skim milk and whole milk concentration of 1, 3, 5, and 7% and at pH 6 and 9, with 15 min of contact. It was possible to verify that the organic matter simulators adjusted in the same conditions of contact time and percentage, in the in vitro tests, presented different results and the fetal bovine serum did not inactivate the disinfectant. However, the best result against S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis was obtained at pH 6 at the dilution of 1:1,000 in all organic matter simulators.

Action of benzalkonium chloride in different pH

ABSTRACT Ammonium quaternary compounds are widely used in poultry and swine production as disinfectants in the control of pathogens. They act on gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, enveloped fungi and viruses. However, in some conditions of pH and presence of organic matter can be inactivated. This study evaluated the action of ammonium quaternary compounds at 1:1,000 and 1:2,000 dilutions against Salmonella enterica serovarTyphimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in the presence of three different organic matter simulators, fetal bovine serum, skim milk and whole milk concentration of 1, 3, 5, and 7% and at pH 6 and 9, with 15 min of contact. It was possible to verify that the organic matter simulators adjusted in the same conditions of contact time and percentage, in the in vitro tests, presented different results and the fetal bovine serum did not inactivate the disinfectant. However, the best result against S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis was obtained at pH 6 at the dilution of 1:1,000 in all organic matter simulators.

Data of insecticide effects of natural compounds against third instar larvae of Cochliomyia macellaria.

Morphological biomarkers can be used to establish a diagnosis of fly larvae structural damage and toxicity to target cells by biopesticide candidates. Insecticide activity of natural compounds such as Curcuma longa essential oil (CLLEO) extracted from leaves, and its major constituent α-phellandrene have proven to be a novel biopesticide candidate against third instar larvae (L3) of Cochliomyia macellaria. In this way, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CLLEO, from 0.31 to 2.86 µL/cm2 and α-phellandrene, from 0.29 to 1.47 µL/cm2. The extracts were solubilized in ethanol. Data shown in this article is related to the research article "Can an overlooked by-product from turmeric industry be effective for myiasis control?" Chaaban et al., 2019. Data on L3 toxicity was observed after 6 and 24h of contact with both extracts, as well as a marked reduction of L3 movement, color changes in the cuticle and progressive darkening in their body. Major cuticle damage and L3 mortality were reported.

Effects of Tagetes minuta essencial oil on Lucilia cuprina third instar larvae.

The activity of Tagetes minuta essential oil (TMEO) was tested against third instar larvae (L3) of the Australian blowfly Lucilia cuprina. We have determined the potential of the T. minuta EO as a new biopesticide candidate. To test this, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper impregnated with ranging concentrations (from 0.19 to 6.36 µL/cm2) of TMEO, solubilized in acetone. Data show in this article is related to research article "Tissue damage and cytotoxic effects of Tagetes minuta essential oil against Lucilia cuprina" Chaaban et al., 2019. Thus, data of cuticle damage, color changes in L3 body and decrease in L3 motility were recorded 24 and 48 h after TMEO contact.

Cuticular damage of Lucilia cuprina larvae exposed to Curcuma longa leaves essential oil and its major compound α-phellandrene.

Morphological biomarkers as the histopathological assessment and scanning electron microscopy can be used to establish a diagnosis of structure damage and intoxication of target cells by new biopesticide candidate. In this sense, cuticle damage caused by active substances in larvae exposed to biopesticides can help to elucidate the mode action. Thus, insecticide activity analysis of essential oil of Curcuma longa leaves and its major compound α-phellandrene have proven to be a new biopesticide candidate against third instar larvae (L3) of the Australian blowfly Lucilia cuprina. In this way, groups of 20 L3 were placed on filter paper, impregnated with ranging concentrations (from 0.15 to 2.86 µL/cm2) of C. longa leaves EO and (0.29-1.47 µL/cm2) to α-phellandrene. The extracts were solubilized in ethanol. Progressive darkening in the body of L3, marked reduction of movement, color changes in larval cuticle and dead were observed 6 and 24 h after contact with both extracts.

Resorbable Self-Locking Implant for Lung Lobectomy Through Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: First Live Animal Application.

The aim of this pilot test was to test a new self-locking resorbable implant for hilum occlusion during a video-assisted thoracoscopic lung lobectomy in a surviving pig model. Once the thoracic cavity was assessed and structures identified, the right middle lobe and its respective hilum were exposed. The implant was introduced with a semiclosed loop through a working channel and positioned around the pulmonary lobe. Occlusion was performed with a conventional Crile forceps and a laparoscopic Kelly forceps. Lobe section was done with laparoscopic Metzenbaum scissors and tissue removal through the dorsal access. No signs of pneumothorax or bleeding were observed during a 60-day follow-up. Necropsy findings showed minimal pleuritis in caudal access and in the lobar stump. A granulomatous formation was found around a dense, amorphous material, which was identified as remains of a small part of the implant. Histopathological findings showed signs of a chronic healing process without other alterations. The resorbable implant LigaTie appears to exhibit similar handling and application characteristics during surgery as nonsurgical tie wraps. The resorbable implant avoids the uncontrolled substances not suitable for implants of conventional ties. The results of this pilot test suggested the resorbable implant's mechanical properties provided effective tissue support to complete the healing of the pulmonary hilum.

Seminoma and sertolioma in a male pseudohermaphrodite dog with unilateral cryptorchidism: short communication / Seminoma e sertolioma em um cão pseudo-hermafrodita masculino e criptorquida unilateral: comunicação científica

A male miniature Schnauzer with cryptorchidism and a mass growth in the right inguinal canal was admitted to the clinical center of a veterinary hospital. During surgical resection of the mass, tubular formations were found, connecting the mass to the left testicle. Histopathology revealed that the tubular formations were uterine tubes and the mass was a seminoma associated with a sertolioma of the right testicle. Further analysis also showed atrophy of the left testicle. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed normal chromosomes of male gender, 78, XY, which led to the conclusion that this was a male pseudohermaphrodite.(AU)

Foi atendido na rotina clínica de um hospital veterinário, um cão, macho, da raça Schnauzer, criptorquida com massa em canal inguinal direito. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico para a retirada da massa, foi encontrada uma formação tubular a qual fazia a ligação entre essa massa e o testículo esquerdo. A análise histopatológica concluiu que a formação tubular tratava-se de tubas uterinas, a massa era o testículo direito com seminoma e sertolioma e o testículo esquerdo apresentava atrofia. A avaliação citogenética revelou cromossomos normais, do sexo masculino, 78, XY concluindo que se tratava de um pseudo-hermafrodita masculino.(AU)

Mycobacterium bovis in a European bison (Bison bonasus) raises concerns about tuberculosis in Brazilian captive wildlife populations: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important worldwide zoonosis and has been reported to cause clinical disease in several animal species, including captive wildlife. This report describes a case of M. bovis infection in a European bison from a Brazilian zoo and compiles a number of literature reports that raise concern regarding tuberculosis among captive wildlife in Brazil. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13 year-old captive-born male bison (Bison bonasus) from a Brazilian zoo began presenting weight loss, diarrhea and respiratory symptoms, which inevitably led to his death. At the animal's necropsy, inspection of the thoracic and abdominal cavities revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes, ranging from 4 to 10 cm, and pulmonary nodules containing caseous masses with firm white materials consistent with mineralization. Histopathology findings showed a significant amount of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli compatible with Mycobacterium spp. Specimens from lymph nodes and lungs were cultured on Petragnani and Stonebrink media, and specific PCR assays of the bacterial isolate identified it as M. bovis. CONCLUSION: The European bison reported herein died from a severe form of disseminated tuberculosis caused by M. bovis. A review of the available literature indicates possible widespread occurrence of clinical disease caused by M. bovis or M. tuberculosis affecting multiple animal species in Brazilian wildlife-related institutions. These likely underestimated numbers raise concern regarding the control of the disease in captive animal populations from Brazil.

Seminoma and sertolioma in a male pseudohermaphrodite dog with unilateral cryptorchidism: short communication / Seminoma e sertolioma em um cão pseudo-hermafrodita masculino e criptorquida unilateral: comunicação científica

A male miniature Schnauzer with cryptorchidism and a mass growth in the right inguinal canal was admitted to the clinical center of a veterinary hospital. During surgical resection of the mass, tubular formations were found, connecting the mass to the left testicle. Histopathology revealed that the tubular formations were uterine tubes and the mass was a seminoma associated with a sertolioma of the right testicle. Further analysis also showed atrophy of the left testicle. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed normal chromosomes of male gender, 78, XY, which led to the conclusion that this was a male pseudohermaphrodite.

Foi atendido na rotina clínica de um hospital veterinário, um cão, macho, da raça Schnauzer, criptorquida com massa em canal inguinal direito. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico para a retirada da massa, foi encontrada uma formação tubular a qual fazia a ligação entre essa massa e o testículo esquerdo. A análise histopatológica concluiu que a formação tubular tratava-se de tubas uterinas, a massa era o testículo direito com seminoma e sertolioma e o testículo esquerdo apresentava atrofia. A avaliação citogenética revelou cromossomos normais, do sexo masculino, 78, XY concluindo que se tratava de um pseudo-hermafrodita masculino.

Seminoma and sertolioma in a male pseudohermaphrodite dog with unilateral cryptorchidism: short communication / Seminoma e sertolioma em um cão pseudo-hermafrodita masculino e criptorquida unilateral: comunicação científica

A male miniature Schnauzer with cryptorchidism and a mass growth in the right inguinal canal was admitted to the clinical center of a veterinary hospital. During surgical resection of the mass, tubular formations were found, connecting the mass to the left testicle. Histopathology revealed that the tubular formations were uterine tubes and the mass was a seminoma associated with a sertolioma of the right testicle. Further analysis also showed atrophy of the left testicle. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed normal chromosomes of male gender, 78, XY, which led to the conclusion that this was a male pseudohermaphrodite.

Foi atendido na rotina clínica de um hospital veterinário, um cão, macho, da raça Schnauzer, criptorquida com massa em canal inguinal direito. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico para a retirada da massa, foi encontrada uma formação tubular a qual fazia a ligação entre essa massa e o testículo esquerdo. A análise histopatológica concluiu que a formação tubular tratava-se de tubas uterinas, a massa era o testículo direito com seminoma e sertolioma e o testículo esquerdo apresentava atrofia. A avaliação citogenética revelou cromossomos normais, do sexo masculino, 78, XY concluindo que se tratava de um pseudo-hermafrodita masculino.

Surgical Technique of Hemi-Face Transplant: A New Model of Training.

OBJECTIVE: Face transplantation from cadaveric donors is an alternative that has been explored as a way to overcome the disadvantages of reconstructive plastic surgery for patients with severe facial deformities, when its approaches are not able to offer good aesthetic and functional results. In this study, the authors describe the surgical technique of face transplantation in swine, investigating the reproducibility of the methods as an experimental model in transplantation. METHODS: Seven swines were operated upon. After euthanasia, the left hemifacial area was removed and implanted onto the same location on the same animal from which it was removed. The vascular pedicle was based on the facial artery, the caudal auricular artery, and the external jugular vein. The ventral buccal and dorsal buccal branches of the facial nerve and the transverse facial branch of the auricular nerve were taken into the flap. RESULTS: The mean time of the procedure was 4.5 hours. Differences in vascularization were found as the vessel that provides blood supply to auricular region can be the caudal auricular artery, instead of the temporal artery, as described in the literature. Operative difficulty increases if the animal is more obese. The medical student had training in microsurgical procedures to be able to perform the entire procedure. CONCLUSION: This study describes an experimental model of face transplantation in swine, providing a good model for training of the surgical technique. The method is reproducible in any setting that offers resources in experimental surgery and microsurgery.

HOE-140, an antagonist of B2 receptor, protects against memory deficits and brain damage induced by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury in mice.

RATIONALE: There are evidences indicating the role of kinins in pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, but little is known about their action on memory deficits. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to establish the role of bradykinin receptors B1 (B1R) and B2 (B2R) on the behavioral, biochemical, and histologic features elicited by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury (mLFPI) in mice. METHODS: The role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in brain damage, neuromotor, and cognitive deficits induced by mLFPI, was evaluated by means of subcutaneous injection of B2R antagonist (HOE-140; 1 or 10 nmol/kg) or B1R antagonist (des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin (DAL-Bk; 1 or 10 nmol/kg) 30 min and 24 h after brain injury. Brain damage was evaluated in the cortex, being considered as lesion volume, inflammatory, and oxidative damage. The open field and elevated plus maze tests were performed to exclude the nonspecific effects on object recognition memory test. RESULTS: Our data revealed that HOE-140 (10 nmol/kg) protected against memory impairment. This treatment attenuated the brain edema, interleukin-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide metabolites content elicited by mLFPI. Accordingly, HOE-140 administration protected against the increase of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive species, protein carbonylation generation, and Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase inhibition induced by trauma. Histologic analysis showed that HOE-140 reduced lesion volume when analyzed 7 days after brain injury. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the involvement of the B2 receptor in memory deficits and brain damage caused by mLFPI in mice.

Sawfly larval poisoning in cattle: Report on new outbreaks and brief review of the literature / Intoxicação por larvas de mosca serra: relato de novos surtos e breve revisão da literatura

Sawfly larval poisoning (SLP) is an acute hepatotoxicosis documented in livestock in Australia, Denmark and in countries of South America. It is caused by the ingestion of the larval stage of insects of the suborder Symphyta, order Hymenoptera, commonly known as "sawfly". Three species of sawfly are reportedly involved in the toxicosis. The insect involved in Australian SLP is Lophyrotoma interrupta (Pergidae), in Denmark the cause of SLP is the ingestion of the larvae Arge pullata (Argidae), and in South American countries documented outbreaks of SLP were caused by the ingestion of yet another sawfly, Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae). In all geographical areas where it occurred, SLP causes important livestock losses. In cattle, as well as in other affected species, the disease has a short clinical course and in many outbreaks affected cattle can be found dead. When observed, clinical signs include apathy, recumbence, tremors, paddling movements and death in 24-48 hours. Neurological signs such aggressiveness attributable to hepatic encephalopathy are also observed. In cases with a more protracted course icterus and photodermatitis may develop. Gross findings included ascites, petechiae and ecchymosis over serosal surfaces of thoracic and abdominal cavities, and an enlarged liver that displays accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema of the gall bladder wall. Sawfly larval body fragments and heads are consistently found in the fore stomachs and occasionally abomasum of affected cattle. Main microscopic lesions are restricted to the liver and consist of centrolobular (periacinar) to massive hepatocellular necrosis. In most lobules necrotic areas extended up to the portal triads where only a few viable hepatocytes remain. Mild to moderate lymphocyte necrosis is seen in lymphatic tissues. Cases occur in the winter months when the larval stages of the sawfly are developing. D-amino acid-containing peptides have been found to be the toxic principle in each sawfly involved in SLP. The octapeptide lophyrotomin is the major toxin in the in the larvae of Australian and Danish sawflies and is present in small amounts in the larvae of South American sawfly. The heptadecapeptide pergidin is the main toxin in the South American sawfly while small amounts of pergidin have been found in the other two species of toxic sawfly. During the winter of 2011 (July-August) four outbreaks of SLP were diagnosed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The findings in those outbreaks are reported here and a brief review of the literature regarding SLP around the world is provided.

A intoxicação por larvas de mosca serra (ILMS) é uma hepatotoxicose aguda documentada em animais de fazenda na Austrália, Dinamarca e em países da América do Sul. É causada pela ingestão de larvas de insetos da subordem Symphyta, ordem Hymenoptera, conhecidos popularmente como mosca serra. Três espécies de moscas serra são relatadas como envolvidas na intoxicação. O inseto envolvido na ILMS australiana é Lophyrotoma interrupta (Pergidae); na Dinamarca a causa da ILMS é a ingestão de larvas de Arge pullata (Argidae) e nos países de América do Sul a ingestão de larvas de ainda outra espécie de mosca serra, Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae), é a causa de ILMS. Em todas essas áreas geográficas, a ILMS causa importantes perdas na pecuária. Em bovinos, como nas outras espécies afetadas, a doença tem um curso clínico breve e em muitos surtos os bovinos afetados podem ser encontrados mortos. Quando observados, os sinais clínicos incluem apatia, decúbito, tremores, movimentos de pedalagem e morte em 24-48 horas. Sinais neurológicos como agressividade, atribuídos à encefalopatia hepática, são também observados. Em casos com curso clínico mais protraído, pode ocorrer icterícia e fotodermatite. Achados de necropsia incluem ascite, petéquias e equimoses em superfícies serosas das cavidades torácica e abdominal e um fígado aumentado de volume e com acentuação do padrão lobular, e edema da parede da vesícula biliar. Em todas as necropsias de bovinos afetados, fragmentos do corpo e cabeças de larvas são encontrados nos pré-estômagos e, ocasionalmente, no abomaso. As principais lesões microscópicas são restritas ao fígado e consistem de necrose hepatocelular centrolobular (periacinar) a massiva. Na maioria dos lóbulos as áreas de necrose estendem-se até as tríades portais onde apenas algumas lâminas de hepatócitos viáveis permanecem. Leve a moderada necrose de linfócitos é observada nos tecidos linfáticos. Os surtos de ILMS ocorrem nos meses de inverno quando os estágios larvais estão em desenvolvimento. Peptídeos que contêm D-aminoácidos constituem os princípios tóxicos de cada uma das moscas serra envolvidas na ILMS. O octapeptídeo lofirotomina é a principal toxina nas larvas das moscas serra australianas e dinamarquesas e também ocorre em pequenas quantidades nas larvas da mosca serra sul-americana. O heptadecapeptídeo pergidina é a principal toxina das larvas da mosca serra sul-americana, enquanto que pequenas quantidades de pergidina foram encontradas nas outras duas espécies tóxicas de mosca serra. Durante o inverno de 2011 (Julho-Agosto) quatro surtos de ILMS foram diagnosticados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os achados desses surtos são relatados aqui e é feita uma breve revisão da literatura sobre ILMS ao redor do mundo.

Sawfly larval poisoning in cattle: Report on new outbreaks and brief review of the literature / Intoxicação por larvas de mosca serra: relato de novos surtos e breve revisão da literatura

Sawfly larval poisoning (SLP) is an acute hepatotoxicosis documented in livestock in Australia, Denmark and in countries of South America. It is caused by the ingestion of the larval stage of insects of the suborder Symphyta, order Hymenoptera, commonly known as "sawfly". Three species of sawfly are reportedly involved in the toxicosis. The insect involved in Australian SLP is Lophyrotoma interrupta (Pergidae), in Denmark the cause of SLP is the ingestion of the larvae Arge pullata (Argidae), and in South American countries documented outbreaks of SLP were caused by the ingestion of yet another sawfly, Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae). In all geographical areas where it occurred, SLP causes important livestock losses. In cattle, as well as in other affected species, the disease has a short clinical course and in many outbreaks affected cattle can be found dead. When observed, clinical signs include apathy, recumbence, tremors, paddling movements and death in 24-48 hours. Neurological signs such aggressiveness attributable to hepatic encephalopathy are also observed. In cases with a more protracted course icterus and photodermatitis may develop. Gross findings included ascites, petechiae and ecchymosis over serosal surfaces of thoracic and abdominal cavities, and an enlarged liver that displays accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema of the gall bladder wall. Sawfly larval body fragments and heads are consistently found in the fore stomachs and occasionally abomasum of affected cattle. Main microscopic lesions are restricted to the liver and consist of centrolobular (periacinar) to massive hepatocellular necrosis. In most lobules necrotic areas extended up to the portal triads where only a few viable hepatocytes remain. Mild to moderate lymphocyte necrosis is seen in lymphatic tissues. Cases occur in the winter months when the larval stages of the sawfly are developing. D-amino acid-containing peptides have been found to be the toxic principle in each sawfly involved in SLP. The octapeptide lophyrotomin is the major toxin in the in the larvae of Australian and Danish sawflies and is present in small amounts in the larvae of South American sawfly. The heptadecapeptide pergidin is the main toxin in the South American sawfly while small amounts of pergidin have been found in the other two species of toxic sawfly. During the winter of 2011 (July-August) four outbreaks of SLP were diagnosed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The findings in those outbreaks are reported here and a brief review of the literature regarding SLP around the world is provided.(AU)

A intoxicação por larvas de mosca serra (ILMS) é uma hepatotoxicose aguda documentada em animais de fazenda na Austrália, Dinamarca e em países da América do Sul. É causada pela ingestão de larvas de insetos da subordem Symphyta, ordem Hymenoptera, conhecidos popularmente como mosca serra. Três espécies de moscas serra são relatadas como envolvidas na intoxicação. O inseto envolvido na ILMS australiana é Lophyrotoma interrupta (Pergidae); na Dinamarca a causa da ILMS é a ingestão de larvas de Arge pullata (Argidae) e nos países de América do Sul a ingestão de larvas de ainda outra espécie de mosca serra, Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae), é a causa de ILMS. Em todas essas áreas geográficas, a ILMS causa importantes perdas na pecuária. Em bovinos, como nas outras espécies afetadas, a doença tem um curso clínico breve e em muitos surtos os bovinos afetados podem ser encontrados mortos. Quando observados, os sinais clínicos incluem apatia, decúbito, tremores, movimentos de pedalagem e morte em 24-48 horas. Sinais neurológicos como agressividade, atribuídos à encefalopatia hepática, são também observados. Em casos com curso clínico mais protraído, pode ocorrer icterícia e fotodermatite. Achados de necropsia incluem ascite, petéquias e equimoses em superfícies serosas das cavidades torácica e abdominal e um fígado aumentado de volume e com acentuação do padrão lobular, e edema da parede da vesícula biliar. Em todas as necropsias de bovinos afetados, fragmentos do corpo e cabeças de larvas são encontrados nos pré-estômagos e, ocasionalmente, no abomaso. As principais lesões microscópicas são restritas ao fígado e consistem de necrose hepatocelular centrolobular (periacinar) a massiva. Na maioria dos lóbulos as áreas de necrose estendem-se até as tríades portais onde apenas algumas lâminas de hepatócitos viáveis permanecem. Leve a moderada necrose de linfócitos é observada nos tecidos linfáticos. Os surtos de ILMS ocorrem nos meses de inverno quando os estágios larvais estão em desenvolvimento. Peptídeos que contêm D-aminoácidos constituem os princípios tóxicos de cada uma das moscas serra envolvidas na ILMS. O octapeptídeo lofirotomina é a principal toxina nas larvas das moscas serra australianas e dinamarquesas e também ocorre em pequenas quantidades nas larvas da mosca serra sul-americana. O heptadecapeptídeo pergidina é a principal toxina das larvas da mosca serra sul-americana, enquanto que pequenas quantidades de pergidina foram encontradas nas outras duas espécies tóxicas de mosca serra. Durante o inverno de 2011 (Julho-Agosto) quatro surtos de ILMS foram diagnosticados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os achados desses surtos são relatados aqui e é feita uma breve revisão da literatura sobre ILMS ao redor do mundo.(AU)

Aspectos patológicos de 155 casos fatais de cães atropelados por veículos automotivos / Pathological aspects of 155 fatal cases of dogs victimized by motor vehicles accidents

O atropelamento por veículos automotivos contribui significativamente para as estatísticas de morte em cães. Entretanto, há poucos estudos sobre os aspectos patológicos reportados na literatura. Este artigo descreve 155 casos fatais de atropelamento por veículos automotivos em cães. Dos 155 cães atropelados, em 138 (89,0 por cento) havia lesões que explicavam a morte ou a razão para a eutanásia desses cães. Essas lesões incluíram traumatismo espinhal-medular (43 [27,7 por cento]), ruptura de órgãos parenquimatosos (40 [25,8 por cento]), traumatismo cranioencefálico (28 [18,1 por cento]), ruptura de órgãos ocos (16 [10,3 por cento]), fratura de costelas com laceração de órgãos parenquimatosos (15 [9,7 por cento]) e ruptura de diafragma com deslocamento de vísceras abdominais para a cavidade torácica (10 [6,4 por cento]).

Motor vehicle-related trauma significantly contributes to death statistics of dogs. There are however few documented reports on the pathological aspects of such cases. This paper describes 155 fatal cases of dogs victimized by motor vehicle accidents. In 138 (89.0 percent) of the 155 dogs hit by motor vehicles there were lesions that could explain the death or reason for these dogs being euthanatized. These lesions included vertebrospinal trauma (43 [27.7 percent]), rupture of parenchymal organs (40 [25.8 percent]), cranioencephalic trauma (28 [18.1 percent]), rupture of hollow organs (16 [10.3 percent]), rib fracture with subsequent laceration of parenchymal organs (15 [9.7 percent]), and diaphragmatic rupture with displacement of abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity (10 [6.4 percent]).