[Changes of homeostasis and immunity in the acute period of ischemic stroke]. / Izmeneniia gemostaza i immuniteta v ostrom periode ishemicheskogo insul'ta.

We studied homeostasis, immunity and rheological blood properties in the acute period of ischemic stroke. As intravascular blood coagulation and depression of fibrinolysis happen the amount of "rough" red blood cells increased as well as their aggregates enlarged in size. These changes haven't been seen in patients with lacunar stroke and transient ischemic attacks. Deep depression of T-cell immunity in stroke and inhibition of total fibrinolysis were observed. The most significant depression of cells immunity was found in patients with poor outcome. We recommend to evaluate T-cell immunity in stroke patients and proceed immunocorrection of necessity.

[Morphopathology of cerebral arteries in combined cerebral and coronary atherosclerosis]. / Patomorfologiia arterii golovnogo mozga pri sochetannom tserebral'nom i koronarnom ateroskleroze.

Taking into consideration the age-specific and adaptive changes of the vascular wall, pathomorphologic features of cerebral atherosclerosis were revealed in 236 individuals who died of ischemic heart disease and in 17 patients undergone extra-intracarotid microshunting on the basis of the data obtained from pathomorphologic analysis of the great arteries of the brain. There was a statistically significant prevalence of both the size of the area of atherosclerotic lesions and the incidence of stenosis of the great arteries of the brain in individuals with combined atherosclerosis of cerebral and coronary atherosclerosis. Type-specific peculiarities of atherosclerosis in the areas of reduced blood flow in stenosis of extra- and intracranial arteries were determined.

[Nervous-mental health of children who had perinatal damage of the nervous system]. / Nervno-psikhicheskoe zdorov'e detei, perenesshikh perinatal'noe porazhenie nervnoi sistemy.

The paper presents the results of somatic, neurologic and neurophysiologic examination of 614 children which had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of a moderate degree during the period from the birth till 3 years old. A period of gestation was characterised by some signs of fetoplacental insufficiency in 44.3% of children. Disorders in labor activity were revealed in 83.7% of mothers. Delay in nervous-mental development (77.3%), deviations in forming rhythmic EEG activity (75%), signs of morphologic immaturity of brain (38.8%) testified to inhibition of postnatal neuroontogenesis. All that together with high frequency of motor disorders (73.3%) and disorders in cerebral blood flow (43.8%) during the 1-st year of life were found to underlie development of psychoneurologic diseases in children of early age and necessitates early rehabilitation of these children.

[Cerebral hemodynamics in fetuses and newborns developing with impaired uterine and fetoplacental blood circulation]. / Tserebral'naia gemodinamika plodov i novorozhdennykh, razvivavshikhsia v usloviiakh nedostatochnosti matochnogo i fetoplatsentarnogo krovoobrashcheniia.

By means of dopplerometry there were examined the blood flows in uterine arteries, funic arteries, internal carotid arteries of fetuses of 34 women in III trimester of a pregnancy with a threat of a premature birth. Cerebral blood flow in newborns was estimated on the 1-st and the 5-th days of life in anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Control group included 20 women with the physiologic pregnancies and their 20 newborns. In all children developed under the conditions of insufficiency of uterine and fetoplacental blood circulation there were observed the disorders of cerebral blood circulation, which became manifested clinically in birth by the disorders of cerebral circulation of light (in 16), average (in 13) and severe (in 5) degree.

[On the etiology of epileptic seizures in children of the first year of life]. / O prichinakh épilepticheskikh pripadkov u detei pervogo goda zhizni.

The paper presents the analysis of unfavourable ante- and intranatal factors as well as the data of neurosonography of 109 children with the fits during the first year of life and of 58 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy without convulsions. The high degree of the correlation was found between complications of the first half of pregnancy and the disturbances of growth and development of a child. Frequency of a trauma in the course of a delivery correlated with frequency of asphyxia. A persistence of a germinative matrix and signs of functional immaturity of the brain suggested the important role of both focal and multifocal cerebral dysplasias in the genesis of epileptic fits at the early stages of ontogenesis. In children with nonmalignant neonatal and idiopathic fits there were some nonvisualized cortical disorders that became pronounced under hypoxic-dysmetabolic conditions in the first case and during a period of the following maturation of axon-dendritic bounds and of the increase of neuronal activity in the second case.

[Dynamic course of neurological syndromes in very young children with the history of intrauterine growth retardation]. / Dinamika nevrologicheskikh syndromov u detei rannego vozrasta, rodivshikhsia s zaderzhkoi vnutriutrombnogo razvitiia.

90 infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IGR) and 100 normal infants (control group) were followed up from 5 days till 3 years of life. In IGR infants there was a more frequent combination of several neurologic syndromes, an early manifestation of motor disorders (from the very moment of birth), a delay of neuro-psychic development (during the first year of life), a tendency to development of moderate hydrocephalus by the age of 6 months. Autonomic-visceral disorders in them were mostly characterized by the symptoms of abaissement, but not of irritation.

[Neuro-ontogenic factors in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures in children during the first year of life]. / Neiroontogeneticheskii faktor v patogeneze febril'nykh pripadkov u detei pervogo goda zhizni.

Sensomotor development, periods of febrile attacks (FA), spectral EEG characteristics in narrow range of frequency were examined in 12 healthy children and 34 children with FA. There was a correlation between FA debute, relapse and physiologic formation and change of sensomotor rhythm on months 4-5, 7-8, 11-12 of life. The correlation was also established between a decrease of sensomotor reactivity of child, neocortical activation with repeated FA as well as transformation of the attacks' structure. It is suggested that clinical spectrographic regularities observed indicate both activity of pace-maker neurons of pre- and postcentral cortical areas and the disorders of some intercentral relations.

[Infrared laser therapy in distal diabetic polyneuropathy]. / Infrakrasnaia lazeroterapiia pri distal'noi diabeticheskoi polinevropatii.

A course of laser therapy was applied to 50 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy by laser irradiation of low intensiveness in the nearest infrared spectrum. 20 patients from the group were treated by monotherapy only by laser exposure. Control group consisted of 24 patients treated by conventional therapy without laser exposure. According to the changes of vibratory and algesic sensitivity and electromyographic data the efficiency of therapy was estimated. It was found that laser exposure resulted in more pronounced restoration of functional state of nervous fibers than conventional therapy. Application of laser irradiation of low intensiveness was effective while in combined therapy of distal diabetic polyneuropathy as well as monotherapy.

[Effects of cerebrolysin on the oxidant homeostasis, the content of microelements and electrolytes in children with minimal brain dysfunction]. / Vliianie tserebrolizina na oksidantnyi gomeostaz, soderzhanie mikroélementov i élektrolitov u detei s minimal'noi mozgovoi disfunktsiei.

In 36 children of 3-8 years old with minimal cerebral dysfunction there were evaluated both concentrations of malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma, erythrocytes and platelets as well as the content of 25 elements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, Se, Zn, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Si, Li, Ni, V, Pb, Sn, Cd, Al, As, Be, Bi, Ti) in hairs. These indices were estimated both before and after course of cerebrolysin therapy (the a dose 2-5 ml intramuscularly during 1 month). There was observed positive influence of the drug on the clinical manifestations of the disease, oxidant and elements homeostasis. Nuclear-emission analysis of the elements' composition of cerebrolysin revealed quite high content in the drug of magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and selenium which had neuroactive and antioxidant properties.

[The clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria of benign intracranial hypertension in children]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti i kriterii diagnostiki dobrokachestvennoi vnutricherepnoi gipertenzii u detei.

Combined investigation of syndrome of nonmalignant intracranial hypertension (NIH) was performed in 87 children at the age of 3-15 years. The following diagnostic criteria were determined: nonmalignancy of clinical course; residual, mainly nonprogredient character of cerebral pathology; subcompensated hydrocephalus or macrocephalus in more than 50% of patients with small enlargement of head circumference and of the size of cerebral ventricles (according to the data of computed tomography and echoventriculometry); triad of clinical manifestations in the form of headache, alterations of vision, oculomotor disorders; a positive effect of dehydrative therapy.

[The classification and topical diagnosis of cerebral circulatory disorders in newborn infants]. / Klassifikatsiia i topicheskaia diagnostika narushenii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia u novorozhdennykh detei.

The classification of disorders of cerebral circulation (DCC) was presented on the basis of clinical-neurosonic study of 100 newborn children with the signs of DCC. There were-determined the same degrees of DCC severity as in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (that is light, manifested, severe ones). There weren't observed any signs of focal damages of brain in light form of DCC, although there might sometimes be found the small ischemic damages of brain and injuries of hemorrhagic type in one third of patients. In manifested DCC there were revealed the signs of focal cerebral damages which were caused by combination of hemorrhages in choroid plexus of lateral ventricles and subependymal hemorrhages, and were rarer conditioned by ischemic necrosis of these regions. It was quite characteristic for severe DCC the appearance of pronounced total cerebral disorders just after the birth which might progradiently increase. There were found parenchymatous, subarachnoidal, and intraventricle hemorrhages by means of neurosonography. There was demonstrated the significance of investigation of both muscular tonus and reflexes in newborn children for topic DCC diagnostics.

[The constrictive reactions of the cerebral vessels in the pathogenesis of circulatory encephalopathy]. / Konstriktornye reaktsii mozgovykh sosudov v patogeneze distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatii.

Cerebral vasoconstrictive reactions were analysed in 100 healthy men and 165 patients with atherosclerotic discirculatory encephalopathy (DE) of stage I and II. The study was performed by means of functional loading tests such as antiorthostatic, hyperventilation, with psychoemotional tension. Individuals with hyperconstrictive reactions were revealed both among healthy persons and among the patients. These reactions manifested as cerebrovascular hypertonicity or decrease of cerebral blood flow. The frequency of hyperconstrictive reactions as well as their registration by means of several functional tests such significantly increased with DE progression.