Cow, sheep and llama manure at psychrophilic anaerobic co-digestion with low cost tubular digesters in cold climate and high altitude.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the co-digestion of cow and llama manure combined with sheep manure, in psychrophilic conditions and real field low cost tubular digesters adapted to cold climate. Four digesters were monitored in cold climate conditions; one fed with cow manure, a second one with llama manure, the third one with co-digestion of cow-sheep manure and the fourth one was fed with llama-sheep manure. The slurry had a mean temperature of 16.6 °C, the organic load rate was 0.44 kgvs m(-3) d(-1) and the hydraulic retention time was 80 days. After one hundred days biogas production was stable, as was the methane content and the pH of the effluent. The co-digestion of cow-sheep manure results in a biogas production increase of 100% compared to the mono-digestion of cow manure, while co-digestion of llama-sheep manure results in a decrease of 50% in biogas production with respect to mono-digestion of llama manure.

Microbial removal of chlorinated phenols during aerobic treatment of effluents from radiata pine kraft pulps bleached with chlorine-based chemicals, with or without hemicellulases.

The removal of chlorophenolic compounds from kraft mill effluents bleached with chlorine (cBKME) or chlorine plus hemicellulases (bBKME) was studied in reactors of aerobic treatment lagoons. In these laboratory models, a stable microbial population removed biochemical oxygen demand at similar rates of the mill lagoon. Complete removal of nine chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols during microbial treatment of these effluents was detected by gas chromatography. Abiotic removal was only observed with 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. There were no significant differences in degradative ability between microorganisms acclimated to grow in reactors fed with cBKME or bBKME. The latter had a lower content of adsorbable organic halogen and chlorophenols than cBKME. Microorganisms acclimated to cBKME or bBKME were only able to grow on phenol or guaiacol as sole carbon source. However, these microorganisms removed (0.1-0.5 mM) 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate with BKME as primary carbon source. Under these conditions, 2,4,6- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 4,5-dichloroguaiacol, 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol and tetrachloroguaiacol were not removed. These results suggest that the microbial removal of bleaching chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols during aerobic treatment, probably takes place only because of their very low concentration (1-200 ppb) in BKME.

Cáncer mamario factores de riesgo / Risk factors of breast cancer

El cáncer mamario presenta una gran incidencia en nuestra población de mujeres aun con los avances actuales, su curación depende principalmente de su detección précoz, para lograr dicho objetivo se requiere de una adecuada clasificación de las mujeres con alto riesgo de padecer ésta patología por medio de la identificación de los factores de riesgo que presentan una asociación importante con dicho cáncer. En éste estudio retrospectivo o de casos y controles tratamos de establecer el comportamiento de los factores que mas se postulan como de mayor asociación causal con cáncer mamario (edad, edad del primer parto, hiperfunción tiroidea, ingesta de A.C.O. y antecedentes familiares de cáncer), dentro del grupo de estudio. Finalmente concluimos que los factores con asociación importante con dicha patología son: edad, uso de anticonceptivos orales, edad tardia del primer parto y nuliparidad. Ademas encontramos que no existe una asociacion importante entre la aparición de dicho cáncer y antecedentes familiares de cáncer e hiperfunción tiroide

Acao antimicrobiana local da associacao anfotericina B e cloridrato de tetraciclina em pacientes portadoras de leucorreia de diferentes etiologias. / Local antimicrobial action of the association of amphotericin B and tetracyclin in patients with leukorrhea of different etiologies

O objetivo do presente estudo e avaliar a eficacia da associacao de cloridrato de tetraciclina 100 mg e anfotericina B 50 mg na forma de creme vaginal em pacientes portadoras de corrimento vaginal. Neste sentido selecionamos no ambulatorio de ginecologia do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (Servico do Prof. Carlos Alberto Salvatore), 40 pacientes, cujas idades variaram de 18 a 56 anos (media etaria 31 anos) com corrimento de aspecto inespecifico; 28 destas apresentaram dispareunia; 23 prurido; 22 ardor e disuria.A estas pacientes foi administrada esta associacao sob a forma de creme vaginal, um aplicador por dia, durante sete dias. Nas pacientes que permaneciam com qualquer sintoma, apos este intervalo, o tratamento era prolongado por mais sete dias. Antes do inicio do tratamento e sete dias apos o termino, foram realizados os seguintes exames: exame a fresco com hidroxido de potassio a 10% coloracao de Gram, Giemsa e Papanicolaou para detectar-se flora Gram-negativa, Candida, Trichomonas, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Neisseria e Hemophilus

hemangiopericitoma retroperitoneal. Presentación de un caso / Retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma. Presentation of a case

Se expone la presentación del caso de un paciente operado en el hospital docente clinicoquirúrgico "10 de Octubre" de un hemangiopericitoma retroperitoneal, y se realiza la discusión del mismo por medio de comparaciones y planteamientos de distintas bibliografías revisadas, tanto nacionales como extranjeras. Se incluye un análisis de los exámenes complementarios que se efectuaron y la evolución del paciente(AU)

Age changes in the livers of Costa Ricans.

Age changes in the livers of Costa Ricans have been compared with those of native and Hawaii Japanese and U.S. caucasians. In the case of the U.S. caucasians and Costa Ricans, the decrease in the number of hepatic cells is similar up to 70 years of age, but after 80 years of age the decrease is more marked in the Costa Ricans. The difference in the process of senile change among these four groups suggests that the environmental, especially nutritional, conditions during their childhood and adolescence play an important role.