Analysis of Active Oral Tactile Sensitivity in Individuals with Complete Natural Dentition.

AIM: To evaluate the active tactile sensitivity in individuals with complete natural dentition, determining the smallest thickness detected by the participants, and clarifying if there is a difference between the thicknesses analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Active tactile sensitivity was evaluated in 40 research participants. Inclusion criteria included participants with complete natural dentition, without active or history of periodontal disease, absence of temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, and restorations in the evaluated area. Exclusion criteria included age below 18 years. The active tactile perception threshold was evaluated by using carbon sheets of different thicknesses (0, 12, 24, 40, 80, 100, and 200 µm), which were inserted in the participants' premolars, bilaterally. The carbon sheet was inserted so as not to come into contact with the oral soft tissues. Subsequently, the participant occluded and was asked about the perception of the intraocclusal object 20 times in each occlusal contact. The collected data were tabulated considering the amount of positive and negative responses for each carbon thickness. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The results showed that there was linearity in perception, on both sides, besides, the natural dentition was able to perceive difference in thickness from 12 µm. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the 12 µm thickness is noticeable in occlusion and can be differentiated from other thicknesses in natural dentition and that there is no difference between the tactile sensitivity of the right and left sides. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A better understanding of active oral tactile sensitivity will contribute to numerous clinical applications in dentistry, including occlusal adjustment in dental rehabilitation, dental implants prosthesis design, and survival of prosthetic rehabilitation.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Nanostructured Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in Granules and Putty Configurations.

Synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules and powder are biocompatible biomaterials with a well-known capacity for osteoconduction, presenting very satisfactory clinical and histological results. It remains unanswered if the putty configuration impacts the biological response to the material. In this study, we aimed to compare the cytocompatibility and biocompatibility of nanostructured BCP in the putty configuration (moldable nanostructured calcium phosphate, MnCaP) on the healing of critical-sized bone defects (8 mm) in rat calvaria. Cytocompatibility was determined through the viability of fibroblast cells (V-79) to the extracts of different concentrations of MnCaP. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15)-clot, MnCaP, and commercial biphasic calcium phosphate in granules configurations (Nanosynt®)-and subdivided into three experimental periods (1, 3, and 6 months). Histological, histomorphometric, and microtomographic analyses allowed the evaluation of newly formed bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. The in vitro evaluation showed that MnCaP was cytocompatible. The histomorphometric results showed that the Nanosynt® group granted the highest new-formed bone values at six months (p < 0.05), although the biomaterial volume did not differ between groups. The putty configuration was easier to handle, and both configurations were biocompatible and osteoconductive, presented similar biosorption rates, and preserved the calvaria architecture.

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Nanostructured Carbonated Hydroxyapatite for Alveolar Bone Repair.

The properties of the biodegradation of bone substitutes in the dental socket after extraction is one of the goals of regenerative medicine. This double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of a new bioabsorbable nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with a commercially available bovine xenograft (Bio-Oss®) and clot (control group) in alveolar preservation. Thirty participants who required tooth extraction and implant placement were enrolled in this study. After 90 days, a sample of the grafted area was obtained for histological and histomorphometric evaluation and an implant was installed at the site. All surgical procedures were successfully carried out without complications and none of the patients were excluded. The samples revealed a statistically significant increase of new bone formation (NFB) in the CHA group compared with Bio-Oss® after 90 days from surgery (p < 0.05). However, the clot group presented no differences of NFB compared to CHA and Bio-Oss®. The CHA group presented less amount of reminiscent biomaterial compared to Bio-Oss®. Both biomaterials were considered osteoconductors, easy to handle, biocompatible, and suitable for alveolar filling. Nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite spheres promoted a higher biodegradation rate and is a promising biomaterial for alveolar socket preservation before implant treatment.

Influência dos anti-inflamatórios na movimentação ortodôntica / The influence of antinflammatory drugs on orthodontical movement

Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica quanto à influência dos anti-inflamatórios e da dieta na fisiologia óssea e taxa de movimentação dentária. Os trabalhos analisados mostraram que quando diferentes classes de medicamentos são utilizadas por longo tempo ocorre influência na remodelação óssea, mas as modificações na taxa de movimentação dentária dependem também de parâmetros cinéticos do fármaco e do metabolismo basal do animal experimental ou do ser humano estudado. Esta relação não se mostrou linear, sendo importante para o ortodontista ter exatidão no planejamento e no controle clínico radiográfico, individualizando o tratamento ortodôntico dos pacientes que utilizam medicações sistêmicas de uso contínuo.

Tratamento da fenestração óssea em implantes imediatos / Treatment of bone fenestration on immediate implants: case report

A instalação de implantes imediatos pós-exodontia é uma realidade para implantes unitários e tem como principais indicações a preservação da arquitetura dos tecidos peri-implantares e a redução de tempo total de tratamento. O desafio nesses casos está na quantidade insuficiente de osso, impossibilitando a instalação na posição protética ideal e, consequentemente, a não obtenção de resultados estéticos satisfatórios. Isso exige a utilização de técnicas reconstrutivas com biomateriais, a fim de recuperar o contorno do osso alveolar. Neste estudo é relatado um caso clínico onde foi avaliada a efetividade e o benefício da instalação imediata de implante após a extração dentária. Verificou-se que o procedimento é previsível, desde que bem realizado, visando obter resultados estético e funcional.

Immediate implant placement after tooth removal is a reality for single-tooth cases, with the most important indication being the maintenance of the periimplant soft/hard tissue architecture and reduction of total treatment time. The challenge in these cases is the lack of sufficient bone for ideal, prosthetically-driven implant placement and thus the attainment of satisfactory aesthetic results. This demands the use of reconstructive techniques with the use of biomaterials to develop alveolar bone contour. In this study, a clinical case is described highlightening effectiveness and benefits of the immediate implant placement after tooth extraction. Once well performed, it constitutes a predictable procedure in order to achieve aesthetic and functional results.