Cuidado e questões de gênero: invisibilidade, paternalismo, autossacrifício e a crise de cuidados. Entrevista com Ilze Zirbel / Care and gender issues: invisibility, paternalism, self-sacrifice and the care crisis. Interview with Ilze Zirbel / Cuidado y cuestiones de genero: invisibilidad, paternalismo, autosacrificio y crisis del cuidado. Entrevista con Ilze Zirbel

Este texto apresenta uma conversa-entrevista entre um grupo de pesquisa sobre as práticas de profissionais de saúde atuantes na Atenção Básica em Saúde e a Dra em filosofia Ilze Zirbel, pesquisadora do campo das Teorias do Cuidado. A conversa ocorreu durante um encontro do grupo de pesquisa, na cidade de Santos, no dia 29.11.2019 e foi registrada em áudio sendo, em seguida, transcrita e editada na forma de entrevista. Nela são abordadas questões de gênero, classe e raça envolvidas nas atividades e relações de cuidado, o que toca nas temáticas do privilégio e da exploração, do autossacrifício e da coerção, bem como da autonomia e da interdependência de seres humanos. O pano de fundo é o da necessidade de políticas públicas visando o cuidado da população e desenvolvimento do senso de cuidado tanto em homens quanto em mulheres.

This text presents a conversation-interview between a research group on the practices of health professionals working in Primary Health Care and a researcher in the field of Care Theories. It addresses issues of gender, class and race involved in care activities and relationships, which touches on the themes of privilege and exploitation, self-sacrifice and coercion, as well as autonomy and interdependence. The background is the need for public policies aimed at the care of the population and the development of a sense of care for both men and women.

Este texto presenta una conversación-entrevista entre un grupo de investigación sobre las prácticas de los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en Atención Primaria y un investigador en el campo de las Teorías de la Atención. Aborda temas de género, clase y raza involucrados en las actividades y relaciones de cuidado, que toca los temas de privilegio y explotación, autossacrificio y coacción, así como autonomía e interdependencia. El trasfondo es la necesidad de políticas públicas orientadas al cuidado de la población y al desarrollo de un sentido de cuidado tanto para hombres como para mujeres.

MicroRNA expression profiling provides novel insights into immune-related pathways involved in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers, and an increasing number of studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in gastric cancer progression; however, the roles of specific miRNAs involved in the immune response to this disease remain unclear. We compared the miRNA expression in tissues from primary gastric cancer patients and healthy controls to find miRNAs dysregulated in gastric cancer and used bioinformatics tools to determine potential roles of these miRNAs in the immune system. We evaluated 25 primary gastric cancer tissues and five healthy gastric tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for a set of miRNAs, followed by the prediction of their target genes and functional enrichment analysis of these targets. Analysis of a microarray dataset showed that the miRNA miR-196a-5p was significantly upregulated, while miR-374a-5p and miR-375 were downregulated in gastric cancer patients. In addition, miR-374-5p was significantly downregulated in patients with metastasis compared with its expression levels in non-metastatic patients (p = 0.03). Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the pathways regulated by these differentially expressed miRNAs were related to the immune response, cell adhesion, and cell migration. Most importantly, this study provides a new insight into the potential use of multiple miRNAs to find distinct pathways of immune regulation in gastric cancer.

Corrosion and microstructural characterization of martensitic stainless steels submitted to industrial thermal processes for use in surgical tools

INTRODUCTION: The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of a material are dependent on its microstructure and can be modified by phase transformation. When a phase transformation occurs in a material it usually forms at least one new phase, with physical-chemical characteristics that differ from the original phase. Moreover, most phase transformations do not occur instantly. This paper presents an evaluation of the phase transformation of martensitic stainless steels ASTM 420A and ASTM 440C when submitted to different thermal processes. METHODS: Dilatometry tests were performed with several continuous heating and cooling rates in order to obtain the profiles of the continuous heating transformation (CHT) and continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for these two types of steel. Also, the temperature ranges for the formation of the different phases (ferrite and carbides; ferrite; austenite and carbides; non-homogeneous and homogeneous austenite phases) were identified. Rockwell hardness (HRC) tests were performed on all thermally treated steels. Anodic and cathodic potential dynamic polarization measurements were carried out through immersion in enzymatic detergent as an electrolyte for different samples submitted to the thermal processes in order to select the best routes for the heat treatment and to recommend steels for the manufacture of surgical tools. RESULTS: The martensitic transformation temperature tends to increase with increasing temperature for the initiation of cooling. The 440C steel had a higher hardness value than the 420A steel at the austenitizing temperature of 1100 °C. Above the austenitizing temperature of 1100 °C, the material does not form martensite at the cooling rate used, which explains the sharp decline in the hardness values. CONCLUSION: The study reported herein achieved its proposed objectives, successfully investigating the issues and indicating solutions to the industrial problems addressed, which are frequently encountered in the manufacture of surgical instruments.

Biocompatibility of a porous alumina ceramic scaffold coated with hydroxyapatite and bioglass.

This study aimed to evaluate the osteointegration and genotoxic potential of a bioactive scaffold, composed of alumina and coated with hydroxyapatite and bioglass, after their implantation in tibias of rats. For this purpose, Wistar rats underwent surgery to induce a tibial bone defect, which was filled with the bioactive scaffolds. Histology analysis (descriptive and morphometry) of the bone tissue and the single-cell gel assay (comet) in multiple organs (blood, liver, and kidney) were used to reach this aim after a period of 30, 60, 90, and 180 days of material implantation. The main findings showed that the incorporation of hydroxyapatite and bioglass in the alumina scaffolds produced a suitable environment for bone ingrowth in the tibial defects and did not demonstrate any genotoxicity in the organs evaluated in all experimental periods. These results clearly indicate that the bioactive scaffolds used in this study present osteogenic potential and still exhibit local and systemic biocompatibility. These findings are promising once they convey important information about the behavior of this novel biomaterial in biological system and highlight its possible clinical application.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands is a lipid-rich tumour, and adipophilin can be valuable in its identification.

AIMS: Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of salivary glands shows morphological similarities to milk-secreting mammary epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to analyse the immunohistochemical expression of adipophilin (a component of milk lipid globule membranes) and of proteins related to secretory mechanisms (STAT5a and mammaglobin) in MASC and other salivary tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten cases of MASC (all with ETV6 translocation) and 83 other salivary carcinomas were studied. In all MASC cases, adipophilin stained numerous large lipid droplets. These droplets were minute in other salivary carcinomas, except for sebaceous carcinoma. Overexpression of STAT5a was detected in all MASC cases, but only occasionally in other carcinomas. Mammaglobin expression occurred frequently in MASC (70% of cases), whereas, in other carcinomas, it was uncommon and limited. Only MASC showed cytoplasmic reactivity for p63, particularly in papillary-cystic areas. Positivity for S100, vimentin and high molecular weight keratin was observed in 100% of MASC cases. CONCLUSIONS: MASC is a lipid-rich tumour containing large lipid droplets covered by adipophilin. This finding can be included among its defining immunohistochemical features, and possibly represents lactation-like secretory differentiation. Strong expression of STAT5a and cytoplasmic p63 in MASC reinforces this hypothesis.

Mathematical modeling of dilatometric behavior of 420A and 440C martensitic stainless steels used in surgical tools / Modelamento matemático de ensaio dilatométrico em aços inoxidáveis martensíticos 420A e 440C utilizados em ferramental cirúrgico

This research consisted of implementing and evaluating an empirical mathematical model to reproduce analytically the dilatometric behavior of ASTM 420A and ASTM 440C martensitic stainless steels, widely used for manufacturing surgical tools. Martensitic stainless steels can be subdivided into three subgroups: low-carbon, medium-carbon and high-carbon steels. The microstructure of each group is also characteristic as needlelike martensitic; very fine martensitic; and ultra-fine martensitic containing carbides. The proposed method was based on experimental data obtained from the dilatometric testing of the steel samples applying low heating rates. It was possible to determine the formation of phase fields near the equilibrium conditions. The method, being based on empirical data, ensured a greater approximation to the experimental values, verifying that it can be applied as a useful tool in the evaluation of industrial heat treatments for surgical tools.

O presente trabalho consistiu em implementar e avaliar um modelo matemático empírico que reproduz analiticamente o comportamento dilatométrico dos aços inoxidáveis martensíticos ASTM 420A e ASTM 440C, utilizados em ferramental cirúrgico. Aços inoxidáveis martensíticos podem ser subdivididos em três subgrupos, ou seja, baixo carbono; médio carbono e alto carbono. A microestrutura de cada grupo é caracterizada por martensita em forma de agulha; martensita fina e martensita ultra-fina contendo carbetos. A elaboração do método matemático se baseou em dados extraídos de ensaios dilatométricos sob baixas taxas de aquecimento. Foi possível determinar a formação dos campos de fase próximos às condições de equilíbrio. Os resultados obtidos garantiram boa aproximação com os valores experimentais, evidenciando que o modelo aplicado é um instrumento útil na avaliação dos tratamentos térmicos industriais para ferramental cirúrgico.