RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Cultivation of soybean and off-season corn is advancing in areas under restricted edaphoclimatic conditions, such as petric plinthosols, which have significant proportions of gravel and are deficiency in micro-nutrients such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The effects of Cu and Zn concentrations on soybean nutrition cultivated in petric plinthosol are unclear, and it is unknown whether the levels considered adequate for other soils are sufficient for gravely soils, or even if higher Cu and Zn rates can cause a toxic effect in soybean. The objective was to compare the response of soybean grown in petric plinthosol and ferralsol to Cu and Zn doses for identifying the changes induced by gravel soils and to evaluate the residual effect on off-season corn grown in ferralsol. Four experiments were carried out with Cu and Zn doses applied to soil with the soybean crop in ferralsol and plinthosol. The leaf tissues of soybean crops in the two soils showed the same rate of increase in Zn concentrations, for each kg·ha-1 of Zn applied, the increase in Zn was 0.7 mg·kg-1, suggesting no difference in the effect of Zn fertilization between soils with and without gravel. The dosages of Zn and Cu Oxysulfate applied to soil did not cause residual effects in the off-season corn. The highest doses of Cu and Zn did not have any toxic effects on the plants. The main criteria for interpreting Cu and Zn in soil analysis are thus also applicable to soybean crops grown in petric plinthosol.
RESUMO: O cultivo de soja e milho safrinha avança em condições edafoclimáticas restritivas, como nos PLINTOSSOLOS PÈTRICOS, que apresentam proporções consideráveis de cascalho no seu perfil e são deficientes em cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn). Não se sabe os efeitos de doses de Cu e Zn na nutrição da soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO, nem se os níveis considerados adequados para outros solos são suficientes para solos cascalhentos, ou ainda, se altas doses de Cu e Zn podem causar toxidez nas plantas de soja. O objetivo foi comparar a resposta a doses de Cu e Zn em soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO e em LATOSSOLO, a fim de identificar alterações provocadas pelo solo com cascalho, e adicionalmente, avaliar o efeito residual da adubação feita na soja para o milho safrinha cultivado no LATOSSOLO. Quatro experimentos foram desenvolvidos com doses de Cu e Zn aplicadas via solo na cultura da soja em LATOSSOLO e em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO. Houve a mesma taxa de incremento na concentração de Zn no tecido foliar da soja nos dois solos estudados, para cada kg ha-1 de Zn aplicado, o incremento foi de 0,7 mg·kg-1 demonstrando que não há diferença de um solo com ou sem cascalho para os efeitos da adubação. As doses de oxissulfato de Zn e Cu aplicadas via solo não causaram efeito residual no milho safrinha. As maiores doses de Cu e Zn não causaram efeito tóxico nas plantas. Os principais critérios de interpretação de Cu e Zn em análise do solo se aplicam para soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO.
RESUMEN
Cultivation of soybean and off-season corn is advancing in areas under restricted edaphoclimatic conditions, such as petric plinthosols, which have significant proportions of gravel and are deficiency in micro-nutrients such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The effects of Cu and Zn concentrations on soybean nutrition cultivated in petric plinthosol are unclear, and it is unknown whether the levels considered adequate for other soils are sufficient for gravely soils, or even if higher Cu and Zn rates can cause a toxic effect in soybean. The objective was to compare the response of soybean grown in petric plinthosol and ferralsol to Cu and Zn doses for identifying the changes induced by gravel soils and to evaluate the residual effect on off-season corn grown in ferralsol. Four experiments were carried out with Cu and Zn doses applied to soil with the soybean crop in ferralsol and plinthosol. The leaf tissues of soybean crops in the two soils showed the same rate of increase in Zn concentrations, for each kg·ha-1 of Zn applied, the increase in Zn was 0.7 mg·kg-1, suggesting no difference in the effect of Zn fertilization between soils with and without gravel. The dosages of Zn and Cu Oxysulfate applied to soil did not cause residual effects in the off-season corn. The highest doses of Cu and Zn did not have any toxic effects on the plants. The main criteria for interpreting Cu and Zn in soil analysis are thus also applicable to soybean crops grown in petric plinthosol.
O cultivo de soja e milho safrinha avança em condições edafoclimáticas restritivas, como nos PLINTOSSOLOS PÈTRICOS, que apresentam proporções consideráveis de cascalho no seu perfil e são deficientes em cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn). Não se sabe os efeitos de doses de Cu e Zn na nutrição da soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO, nem se os níveis considerados adequados para outros solos são suficientes para solos cascalhentos, ou ainda, se altas doses de Cu e Zn podem causar toxidez nas plantas de soja. O objetivo foi comparar a resposta a doses de Cu e Zn em soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO e em LATOSSOLO, a fim de identificar alterações provocadas pelo solo com cascalho, e adicionalmente, avaliar o efeito residual da adubação feita na soja para o milho safrinha cultivado no LATOSSOLO. Quatro experimentos foram desenvolvidos com doses de Cu e Zn aplicadas via solo na cultura da soja em LATOSSOLO e em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO. Houve a mesma taxa de incremento na concentração de Zn no tecido foliar da soja nos dois solos estudados, para cada kg ha-1 de Zn aplicado, o incremento foi de 0,7 mg·kg-1 demonstrando que não há diferença de um solo com ou sem cascalho para os efeitos da adubação. As doses de oxissulfato de Zn e Cu aplicadas via solo não causaram efeito residual no milho safrinha. As maiores doses de Cu e Zn não causaram efeito tóxico nas plantas. Os principais critérios de interpretação de Cu e Zn em análise do solo se aplicam para soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO.
Asunto(s)
Glycine max , Zinc/administración & dosificación , 24444 , Calidad del Suelo , Cobre/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Integrating plant density and nitrogen (N) management is a strategy for improving corn yields, especially for off-season corn production in the tropics. This study tested the hypothesis that increasing plant densities and N rates promotes yield gains for off-season corn production in high-yielding environments. The aim of the study was to investigate the yield performances of two hybrid versions (DKB PRO and DKB PRO3) submitted to three plant densities (55,000; 65,000 and 75,000 plants ha−1) and four N rates (control, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha−1 N). Field trials were undertaken at Uberlândia-MG (site1 and 2) and Pedro Afonso-TO (site 3), Brazil from which data on corn yield parameters were collected and analyzed. Multivariate analysis separated the three trial areas into two groups, presenting high (sites 1 and 2) and low yields (site 3), which were related to weather conditions. There was no influence of a hybrid version or plant densities on crop yields at site 1 or 2. In contrast, there was a positive response to increasing plant densities and the use of DKB PRO3 at site 3. A significant response to N was observed at sites 2 and 3, following a plateau model. Our results suggest that N application rates and plant densities do have the potential to increase off-season corn yields in low yielding environments.
RESUMEN
Integrating plant density and nitrogen (N) management is a strategy for improving corn yields, especially for off-season corn production in the tropics. This study tested the hypothesis that increasing plant densities and N rates promotes yield gains for off-season corn production in high-yielding environments. The aim of the study was to investigate the yield performances of two hybrid versions (DKB PRO and DKB PRO3) submitted to three plant densities (55,000; 65,000 and 75,000 plants ha−1) and four N rates (control, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha−1 N). Field trials were undertaken at Uberlândia-MG (site1 and 2) and Pedro Afonso-TO (site 3), Brazil from which data on corn yield parameters were collected and analyzed. Multivariate analysis separated the three trial areas into two groups, presenting high (sites 1 and 2) and low yields (site 3), which were related to weather conditions. There was no influence of a hybrid version or plant densities on crop yields at site 1 or 2. In contrast, there was a positive response to increasing plant densities and the use of DKB PRO3 at site 3. A significant response to N was observed at sites 2 and 3, following a plateau model. Our results suggest that N application rates and plant densities do have the potential to increase off-season corn yields in low yielding environments.(AU)