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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of yeast products (YP) and essential oils (EO) in total or partial replacement to in-feed antibiotic protocols (growth promoter and prophylactic), both in recommended doses and in overdose of prophylactic antibiotics (PA), on growth performance, and diarrhea incidence in the growing-finishing pigs; and fecal microbiota in market hogs. Four hundred pigs (20.36â ±â 2.64 kg) were assigned to five treatments in a randomized block design: diets with prophylactic and growth promoter antibiotics (ANT); ANT with 30% more PA (ANT+30); diets with less PA and YP (ANT+Y); diets with less PA, YP and EO (ANT+Y+EO); and antibiotics-free diets with YP and EO (Y+EO). The content of the active components of the YP was 60% purified ß-1,3/1,6-glucans extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (Macrogard), 20% functional water-soluble MOS (HyperGen), and 18% MOS, extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (ActiveMOS). From 0 to 14 d, pigs of the ANT+30, ANT+Y, and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) compared to pigs from the Y+EO group. From 14 to 35 d, pigs of ANT+30 and ANT+Y+EO treatments were heavier than Y+EO group. At 105 d, ANT pigs had a higher BW than the Y+EO group. For the entire period, ADG of ANT pigs was greater, and feed conversion ratio better than Y+EO pigs. From 0 to 35 d, pigs of the Y+EO treatment showed a higher diarrhea incidence compared to pigs of the other groups. From 49 to 70 d, ANT+Y and ANT+Y+EO treatments showed a lower diarrhea incidence than Y+EO group, which remained the case during the overall period. At 105 d, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota by Shannon Entropy was lower in ANT, ANT+30, and Y+EO groups than observed for ANT+Y+EO group. The abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher in ANT than in ANT+Y+EO pigs. Proteobacteria phylum abundance in ANT+Y+EO was higher than ANT, ANT+Y, and Y+EO. Peptostreptococcaceae family abundance was higher in ANT, ANT+30, and ANT+Y groups than in ANT+Y+EO and Y+EO groups. ANT+Y+EO and Y+EO groups show a lower abundance of SMB53 genus than ANT and ANT+30 groups. In conclusion, the use of YP and EO, in partial replacement to the in-feed antibiotic protocols, does not reduce the growth performance, can replace antibiotic growth promotors, and reduce the in-feed use of PA in growing-finishing pigs. The use of YP and EO, together with PA, increases the microbial diversity, despite having important genera for weight gain in less abundance. Overdose of PA does not improve growth performance and reduces microbial diversity, which does not characterize it as an efficient preventive protocol.
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Benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EOs) (thymol, 2-methoxyphenol, eugenol, piperine, and curcumin) are being studied to minimize the impairment of gastrointestinal functions in weanling piglets. This study evaluates the effects of combining BA and EO on the performance and intestinal health of piglets challenged with E. coli F4 (1 mL, 106 CFU/mL). In total, 270 weaned piglets were used in a randomized block design with six treatments: positive control, with 40 mg/kg colistin (PC); negative control, without the growth promoter (NC); negative control +5 g/kg benzoic acid (BA); negative control +2 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO2); negative control +3 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO3); negative control +4 g/kg combination of BA+EO (BA+EO4). BA+EO3 presented a greater average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.0013) and better feed-to-gain ratio (p = 0.0138), compared to NC, from 21 to 35 days age. For the total period, BA, BA+EO3, and BA+EO4 were similar to PC and superior to NC for ADG (p = 0.0002) and final body weight (BW) (p = 0.0002). No difference (p > 0.05) was verified for diarrhea, microbial population, production of volatile fatty acids, pH, weight of organs, cellular proliferation, and cholecystokinin count. NC and BA+EO4 resulted in a higher villus height in the jejunum (p = 0.0120) compared to BA+EO3. The use of BA or the combination of BA and EO at 3 g/kg provides improved performance, aside from being an economically viable alternative to replace colistin.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar três metodologias de análise de área de olho de lombo (AOL), relacionado ao músculo Longissimus dorsi em suínos e bovinos e, a área de gordura subcutânea (AG) em suínos, a fim de determinar variações em relação ao uso destas técnicas. Foram utilizados os métodos de régua quadriculada, papel milimetrado e análise de imagens digitalizadas através do Software ImageJ. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa entre eles (p>0,05), independente das espécies avaliadas e estruturas. Assim, para escolha do método a ser utilizado para estas avaliações, deve-se considerar a praticidade, disponibilidade de recurso e tempo de realização. Conclui-se que os três métodos apresentam boa predição para determinação de AOL e AG para bovinos e suínos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Carne/análisis , Carne/clasificación , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Grasa Subcutánea , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , PorcinosRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on performance, measurement of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), body temperature and relative organ weights of weaned piglets exposed to a heat stress or a thermoneutral environment. One hundred and forty-four piglets with initial BW of 5.82 ± 0.33 kg (28 d old) were used. The experimental design was a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, four plasma levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5%) and two environments (34º [heat stress (HS)] and 24°C [thermoneutral (TN)]). SDPP was fed from weaning (28 d of age) to the end of the trial (piglets were weighed at the beginning, 7, 21 and 35 days of trial). Rectal, neck, shoulder and leg temperatures were measured every seven days. At 21 days of trial, one piglet per pen was slaughtered to determine the weight of the carcass and organs. Blood samples were collected at 18 and 35 days of trial to determine levels T3 and T4. The rectal, neck, shoulder and leg temperatures were increased (p < 0.05) 0.4, 1.5, 1.0 and 1.3ºC, respectively, and relative weight of the lungs (p < 0.05) and total T3 (p < 0.05) were decreased 0.001 kg/kg and 0.19 ng/dl, respectively, for pigs in the HS environment. The estimated inclusion of 5.1% of SDPP had the greatest (p < 0.05) weight gain during the first week, and throughout the nursery phase, the 5% of inclusion had a tendency of improvement (p = 0.075), regardless of ambient temperature. For the entire period, pigs reared in the HS environment had the greatest (p < 0.05) estimated feed intake by the quadratic regression with the inclusion of 4.3% of SDPP.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Conducta Alimentaria/efectos de los fármacos , Porcinos/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Distribución Aleatoria , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A total of 224 weaned pigs (DanBred sows x PIC 337 sires) with an average body weight (BW) of 6.37 ± 0.34 kg (21 days of age) were used to evaluate how different levels of benzoic acid fed to weaning pigs orally inoculated with Escherichia coli (K88+ ) affected the nursing and grow-finishing performance, the physicochemical properties of the intestine, the volatile fatty acid concentration in the caecum and the incidence of diarrhoea. Pigs were randomly allocated in an experimental design of randomized blocks in a 4 × 2 factorial design, and they were administered four levels of benzoic acid (0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%) and inoculated (or not) in two consecutive days with 1 ml solution containing 106 CFU/ml of E. coli (K88+ ). Seven replicates (pens) per treatment were used, and four animals were kept per pen. Supplementation with 0.75% benzoic acid promoted better performance (p < 0.05) in the nursery phase as well as in the subsequent phases until slaughter, and it decreased the incidence of diarrhoea in piglets (p < 0.05). In the piglets fed the benzoic acid diet, the villus height in the jejunum and ileum was greater until 42 days of life (p < 0.05), the crypt depth was decreased in the caecum (p < 0.05), and the butyric acid concentration was increased in the caecal content tendencially (p = 0.0708). In conclusion, supplementation with 0.75% benzoic acid has a positive effect on piglets by reducing diarrhoea, improving intestinal health and promoting the performance from weaning to finishing. Thus, benzoic acid can be considered a potential alternative that can replace growth-promoting antibiotics.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Benzoico/uso terapéutico , Diarrea/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Contenido Digestivo/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Intestinos/patología , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the addition of sodium butyrate, plant extracts and nucleotides on weanling pig performance, digestive content pH, organ morphometry, and intestinal epithelial histology. A total of 90 piglets at 21 days of age and an average initial weight of 6.35±0.34kg were used. The piglets were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five treatments, six replicates, and three animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of the following: Control: basal diet without antibiotic; Antibiotic: basal diet with 40mg kg-1 colistin sulfate and Additive: 1000, 1500 and 2000mg kg-1 of a combination of sodium butyrate + plant extracts + nucleotides. The experiment lasted 35 days, at which time one animal was slaughtered to assess pH of the digestive contents, morphometry of the organs and histology of the intestinal epithelium. No differences were found (P>0.05) in the performance, pH of the digestive contents, morphometry of the organs or histology of the intestinal epithelium by the analysis of orthogonal polynomials or contrasts. The combination of sodium butyrate, plant extracts and nucleotides not improved the productive characteristics of weanling pigs.
Foi conduzido um experimento para avaliar a adição de butirato de sódio, extratos vegetais e nucleotídeos sobre desempenho, pH do conteúdo digestório, morfometria dos órgãos e histologia do epitélio intestinal de leitões desmamados. Foram utilizados 90 leitões, com idade média de 21 dias e peso médio inicial de 6,35±0,34kg. Os leitões foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados completos, com cinco tratamentos, seis repetições por tratamento e três animais por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais consistiam de: Controle - dieta basal sem antibiótico; Antibiótico - dieta basal com 40mg kg-1 de sulfato de colistina; Aditivo: 1000, 1500 e 2000mg kg-1 de uma combinação de butirato de sódio + extrato vegetal + nucleotídeos. No 35o dia de experimentação, foi eutanasiado um animal por gaiola (unidade experimental) para avaliar o pH do conteúdo digestório, morfometria de órgãos e histologia do epitélio intestinal. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) para desempenho, pH do conteúdo digestório, morfometria de órgãos e histologia do epitélio intestinal por meio das análises de polinômios ortogonais ou mesmo pelos contrastes. A combinação de butirato de sódio, extratos vegetais e nucleotídeos não melhorou as características produtivas de leitões desmamados.
RESUMEN
A utilização de antimicrobianos melhoradores de desempenho na criação de frangos de corte é uma prática comum na indústria avícola e, no Brasil, seu uso deve ser feito de acordo com os limites determinados pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA).Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho determinar o efeito da utilização da bacitracina de zinco, dentro dos níveis recomendados pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), em dietas para frangos de corte sobre o desempenho de aves e criadas de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos, distribuídos em 10 repetições de 25 pintos machos de corte da linhagem Cobb 500®, totalizando 1250 aves. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos de cinco níveis de inclusão de bacitracina de zinco (0, 10, 25, 40 e 55ppm). As variáveis analisadas foram consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e avaliação econômica das dietas. Para o período total de criação, avaliou-se também a viabilidade dos frangos de corte. A bacitracina de zinco foi eficiente como beneficiador do desempenho de frangos de corte criados no período de 1 a 21, 1 a 35 e 1 a 42 dias. Para o período de 1 a 21 dias, o uso de 55 e 29,3ppm de bacitracina de zinco resultou em menor consumo de ração e maior ganho de peso, respectivamente. No geral, a melhor conversão alimentar foi obtida quando se adicionou 55ppm de bacitracina de zinco na ração de frangos de corte.
The use of growth promoters in the broilers production is a common practice in the poultry industry and its use must be made accordance with limits in Brazil set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA).The main objective of this study was to verify the effect of the use of zinc bacitracin, within the levels recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), in broiler diets for the performance of birds from 1 to 42 days old. We used a randomized design with five treatments in 10 replications of 25 male chicks from Cobb cut 500®, totaling 1250 birds. The treatments consisted of five inclusion levels of zinc bacitracin (0, 10, 25, 40 and 55ppm). The variables studied were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and economic evaluation of feed. For the breeding period as a whole, this study also evaluated the viability of broilers. Zinc bacitracin was effective as growth promoter of broilers reared during 1 to 21, 1 to 35 and 1 to 42 days. For the period 1-21 days, using 55 and 29.3ppm of zinc bacitracin resulted in a lower feed intake and increased weight gain, respectively. In general, the best feed conversion was obtained when 55ppm of zinc bacitracin was added to the feed of broilers.
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The aim of this article was to evaluate the in vivo mechanism of action through which ractopamine reduces the amount of adipose tissue in carcass of animals fed diets supplemented with this drug. Literature search was carried out, using the keywords Ractopamine, lipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid and adipose tissue. The scoring system was designed for the adequacy of the methodology. A total of eight papers were found - all published in the English language. The determination of lipolysis and lipogenesis was carried out using different methods - from the quantification of non-esterified fatty acids in the blood to molecular analyses of adipose tissue. The review analysis suggested that, at least in the pigs, the use of this drug reduced lipid deposition in the carcass due to a greater inhibition of lipogenesis than an increase in lipolysis.
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O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a suplementação de 5ppm de ractopamina (RAC) na ração, associada ou não à restrição alimentar, sobre as características da carcaça de suínos em terminação e a viabilidade econômica do seu uso. Foram utilizados 30 suínos machos castrados, Agroceres-PIC (peso vivo de 107,2±6,2kg), recebendo as dietas experimentais durante os 28 dias que antecederam o abate. Foi utilizado um delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 + 1 (com ou sem RAC em rações com 1,04 por cento de lisina total; à vontade ou restrição alimentar de 15 por cento; e um tratamento adicional - controle - fornecido à vontade, sem RAC, contendo 0,8 por cento de lisina total - ração padrão), totalizando cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. A adição da RAC por si só aumentou a área de olho de lombo, a porcentagem de carne e a relação carne:gordura na carcaça, o índice de bonificação, a receita bruta e a receita líquida da produção e reduziu a espessura de toucinho dos animais. Quando associada à restrição alimentar, a RAC diminuiu a porcentagem de gordura na carcaça. Comparado à ração controle, a RAC aumentou o rendimento da carcaça, a porcentagem de carne na carcaça e a receita bruta paga ao produtor e reduziu a espessura de toucinho. Quando associada à restrição alimentar, diminuiu a porcentagem de gordura e aumentou a relação carne:gordura na carcaça e o índice de bonificação. Assim, a suplementação com 5ppm de RAC, associada ou não à restrição alimentar, melhora as características da carcaça e viabiliza economicamente a produção.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the supplementation of 5ppm of ractopamine (RAC), associated or not with feed restriction, on carcass characteristics on finishing pigs and the economic viability of its use. Thirty hybrid barrows (life weight of 107.2±6.2kg), receiving the experimental diets during 28 days before the slaughter. A randomized blocks design in factorial scheme 2 x 2 + 1 (with or without RAC in diets with 1.04 percent of total lysine; ad libitum or feed restriction of 15 percent and an additional treatment - control - ad libitum, without RAC containing 0.8 percent of lysine - standard diet), totalizing five treatments and six replicates. The addiction of RAC per se increased the loin eye area, the meat percentage, the carcass meat:fat ratio, the allowance index, the gross earnings and the production net earnings and decreased the animals backfat thickness. When associated with feed restriction, the RAC decreased the carcass fat percentage. Compared to standard diet, the RAC increased the carcass yield, the carcass meat percentage and the allowance index paid to the producer and decreased the backfat thickness. The RAC associated at the feed restriction decreased the fat carcass percentage and increased the carcass meat:fat ratio and the gross earnings. Thus, the supplementation with 5ppm of RAC, associated or no at the feed restriction, improves the carcass characteristics and the economic viability of production.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of metabolic energy (ME) in diets with a reduced level of crude protein (CP) on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing swine. Thirty-two high- performance barrows (initial weight of 22.5 ± 1.43 kg and final weight of 50.81 ± 2.54 kg) were distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments (three levels of ME 3,060,3,230 and 3,400 kcal/kg - in diets with 14% CP, and one control treatment with 3,230 kcal ME/kg and 18% CP) and four replicates. The diets were formulated with a true digestible basis of amino acids present in the feed, with methionine and threonine concentrations corrected as a function of lysine levels. The animals were slaughtered and their carcasses were studied. The ME levels did not affect the average weight gain, the feed:gain ratio, the backfat thickness or the loin eye area. A higher carcass yield and a higher carcass meat:fat ratio were observed in the animals that received the 3,230 and 3,060 kcal/kg ME levels. Compared to the control treatment, only the 3,400 kcal/kg ME level had a lower average daily feed intake. It is concluded that the CP level in diet should be reduced from 18% to 14% and the metabolizable energy level should be increased, thus reducing the feed intake and increasing the carcass meat:fat ratio without affecting the animal weight gain.
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (EM) em rações com reduzido teor de proteína bruta (PB) através do desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 32 suínos machos castrados de elevado ganho de peso (peso inicial de 22,5 ± 1,43 kg e final de 50,81 ± 2,54 kg), distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (três níveis de EM - 3060, 3230 e 3400 kcal/kg - em rações com 14% PB e um tratamento controle com 3230 kcal EM/kg e 18% de PB) e quatro repetições. As rações foram formuladas com base na digestibilidade verdadeirados aminoácidos presentes nos alimentos, sendo a metionina e a treonina corrigidas em função dos níveis de lisina. Os animais foram abatidos e tiveram suas carcaças estudadas. Os níveis de EM não afetaram o ganho de peso médio diário, a conversão alimentar, a espessura de toucinho e a área de olho de lombo. Observou-se maior rendimento e relação carne:gordura na carcaça dos animais que receberam os níveis de 3230 e 3060 kcal EM, respectivamente. Comparado ao controle, apenas o nível de 3400 kcal/kg EM reduziu o consumo de ração médio diário. Conclui-se que o teor de PB da ração para suínos em crescimento pode ser reduzido de 18% para 14% e o nível de energia aumentado, propiciando menor consumo e maior relação carne: gordura sem afetar o ganho de peso dos animais.
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Conduziu-se este experimento para avaliar o efeito da peletização e adição de enzimas e vitaminas sobre o desempenho e aproveitamento da energia e nutrientes, em frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 350 pintos de corte, COBB, machos, com peso inicial médio de 47g ± 2,5g, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos em arranjos fatorial 3 x 2 (três dietas, com e sem enzimas) sendo que as dietas consistiram de uma ração farelada e duas rações peletizadas,uma com adição de vitaminas e minerais após a peletização e a outra com adição de vitaminas e minerais antes da peletização. O tempo e a temperatura da peletizadora variaram de 05 a 09 minutos e 58ºC a 62ºC, respectivamente. Após esse processo, as rações peletizadas foram trituradas, buscando-se manter a mesma granulometria das rações fareladas. O ensaio de desempenho foi realizado com 10 repetições e o de metabolismo com 5 repetições cada tratamento, em uma densidade de 5 aves por parcela (gaiola). As rações foram formuladas com 95 por cento das recomendações nutricionais e fornecidas às aves com uma restrição alimentar de, aproximadamente, 10 por cento do consumo ad libitum, o qual foi calculado diariamente a partir do consumo médio de um grupo de aves controle, que foram submetidas ao consumo à vontade de uma ração formulada para atender 100 por cento dos níveis nutricionais recomendados. O complexo enzimático utilizado foi o Allzyme Vegpro®, contendo em sua composição as enzimas protease, amilase e celulase, adicionado aos tratamentos seguindo as recomendações do fabricante, de 0,5 kg por tonelada de ração. Aos 21 dias de idade avaliou-se o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Também foram coletadas as excretas, pela metodologia de coleta total de excretas, nos dias 20, 21 e 22, para determinação dos valores energéticos das rações e digestibilidade da gordura e da proteína. Pelos resultados obtidos, observou-se que o ganho de peso, a conversão...
It was carried out an experiment to evaluate the effect of pelleting and addition of enzymes and vitamins on the performance and advantage of energy and nutrients in broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days old. A total of 350 broiler chickens, COBB, males, were used ( (47g ± 2.5g) in a completely randomized design, with the treatments in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three diets with or without enzymes) and (two diets based on corn and soybean one meal two pelleted , with or without addition of vitamins and minerals after pelleting and the other with addition of vitamins and minerals before pelleting. The time and temperature of pelleting ranged from 5 to 9 minutes and 58ºC to 62ºC, respectively. After this process, the pelleted rations were ground with the same particle size similar to meal rations. In the performance assay were utilized 10 replicates and the of metabolism assay it was with 5 replicates in each treatment with density of 5 chickens per plot (cage). The diets were formulated with 95 percent of the nutritional recommendations and the chickens were fed with in a feed restriction of 10 percent from ad libitum intake, which was calculated daily from the average intake of a group of chickens control , which were submitted to ad libitum intake of a diet formulated with 100 percent of the nutritional levels recommended. The enzyme complex utilized was Allzyme Vegpro®, containing the enzymes protease, amylase and cellulase, which were added to the treatments following the manufacturer's recommendations, of 0.5 kg per ton of ration. At final of 21 days old, weight gain and feed conversion were evaluated. The excreta were collected by the methodology of total collection in the 20, 21 and 22 days to determination of the energetics values of the diets and as well as the ether extract and protein digestibility coefficients. The weight gain, feed conversion, corrected apparent metabolizable energy and coefficient of digestibility of...
RESUMEN
Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química, vitreosidade e valores nutricionais de diferentes híbridos de milho através de análises laboratoriais e de um ensaio de metabolismo com suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 24 suínos em fase de crescimento (35,6 Kg ±± 3,05 kg de PV) machos castrados mestiços (LD x LW), os quais foram mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso totalizando 24 parcelas. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram de 6 rações com os seguintes híbridos de milho: milho óleo (Móleo), milho QPM (MQPM), milho dentado (Mdent), milho semidentado (Msemi) e dois milhos duros (Mdur1) e (Mdur2). Os valores obtidos de vitreosidade, coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta (CDPB) e energia digestível (ED) para Móleo, MQPM, Mdent, Msemi, Mdur1 e Mdur2 foram 78,5 por cento; 71,7 por cento; 57,2 por cento; 68,2 por cento; 75,9 por cento; 82,8 por cento; 81,68 por cento; 80,14 por cento; 82,35 por cento; 69,71 por cento; 76,98 por cento; 75,61 por cento; 3680; 3426; 3597; 3441; 3340 e 3469 Kcal/Kg, respectivamente. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para os valores de vitreosidade, mostrando que os milhos de textura dura apresentam maior vitreosidade em relação ao semidentado e ao dentado. Houve diferenças significativas no CDMS, CDPB e ED entre os milhos estudados (P<0,05), mostrando que o milho óleo (Móleo) e o dentado (Mdent) foram superiores aos demais. Em relação ao nitrogênio retido ( por centoNR), houve diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre os milhos estudados. Para esta variável os milhos dentado, QPM e alto óleo mostraram-se superiores aos milhos semidentado e os duros. Conclui-se que os milhos dentado, Móleo e MQPM foram superiores aos demais.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the chemical composition, vitreousity endosperm and nutritional values of different hybrids of corn through of chemical analysis and a metabolism assay with growing pigs. The metabolism assay were conducted by utilizing 24 crossbred (LD x.LW) barrows with 35,6Kg+- 3,05Kg keept in metabolism cages . The experimental treatments were formed by six (6) diets formulated with hybrids of corn: "corn oil", corn QPM, corn-dent, semi-dent, and two corns-flints. The values obtained Vitreousity, Digestibility Coefficients of the Crude Protein, and Energy Digestible for corns high oil, QPM, dent, semi-dent, hard 1 and hard 2 were 78,5 percent; 71,7 percent; 57,2 percent; 68,2 percent; 75,9 percent; 82,8 percent; 80,14 percent; 82,35 percent; 69,71 percent; 76,98 percent; 75,61 percent; 3680, 3426; 3597; 3441; 3340 and 3469 Kcal/Kg, respectively. The data shown significant differences (P<0,005) for the values of vitreousity (P<0,005) among the corns studied. Corns varieties with hard texture show a higher vitreousity as compared with those semi-dent and corn dent varieties. There were significant differences in Digestibility Coefficients of Dry Matter, Digestibility Coefficients of Protein Crude and Energy Digestible among the corn varieties studied (P<0,05). The "corn oil" and the corn dent varieties shown higher digestibility values than others. The Nitrogen Retention showed significant differences (P<0,05) among the corns studied. The corns varieties dent, QPM and "corn oil" showed higher digestibility as compared with the semi-dent and corns-flints varieties. In conclusion the corn-dent, "corn oil"and corn QPM varieties showed better nutritional values than others varieties studied.