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Long non-coding RNAs play a key role in silicosis, a fatal fibrotic lung disease, and there is an urgent need to develop new treatment targets. Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 3047 (LINC03047) is associated with cancer, but its role and mechanism in the progression of silicosis require further elucidation. This study investigated the function of LINC03047 in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during silicosis progression. LINC03047 expression was upregulated in SiO2-treated BEAS-2B and A549 cells, promoting SiO2-induced ferroptosis and subsequent EMT. Moreover, knockdown of LINC03047 significantly decreased the expression of solute carrier family 39 member 14 (SLC39A14), a ferrous iron transporter, and inhibition of SLC39A14 alleviated the ferroptosis and EMT caused by LINC03047 overexpression. We further investigated that NF-κB p65 (RELA) was critical for LINC03047 transcription in SiO2-treated BEAS-2B and A549 cells. In vivo experiments showed that SLC39A14 deficiency improved SiO2-induced lipid peroxidation and EMT. Collectively, our study reveals the function of the RELA/LINC03047/SLC39A14 axis in SiO2-induced ferroptosis and EMT, thereby contributing to the identification of novel drug targets for silicosis therapy.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between the inflammatory burden index (IBI) and the prevalence of chronic inflammatory airway diseases (CIAD), as well as mortality rates among individuals diagnosed with CIAD. METHODS: Participants were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2010. The IBI was calculated using the formula: IBI = C-reactive protein * neutrophils / lymphocytes. CIAD comprised self-reported asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mortality outcomes, including all-cause and respiratory disease mortality, were determined through linked data from the National Death Index (NDI) up to December 2019. RESULTS: A total of 27,495 adults were included. IBI was divided into quartiles, with the lowest quartile as the reference group. After adjusting for confounding variables, a positive correlation was observed between higher IBI and increased prevalence of total CIAD (OR = 1.383 [1.215-1.575]), asthma (OR = 1.267 [1.096-1.465]), chronic bronchitis (OR = 1.568 [1.263-1.946]), and COPD (OR = 1.907 [1.311-2.774]). Over a median follow-up of 12.33 [9.92-16.00] years, there were 1221 deaths from all causes and 220 deaths from respiratory disease among 4499 patients with CIAD. Following multivariate adjustments, the fourth quartile was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.227 [1.714-2.893]) and respiratory disease mortality (HR = 2.748 [1.383-5.459]) compared to the first quartile of IBI in CIAD participants. Moreover, variable importance analysis using a random survival forest model demonstrated the significance of IBI in predicting mortality from both all-cause and respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: IBI exhibited an association with the prevalence of CIAD, with higher IBI levels correlating with elevated all-cause and respiratory disease mortality among individuals with CIAD.
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Asma , Bronquitis Crónica , Proteína C-Reactiva , Encuestas Nutricionales , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/mortalidad , Bronquitis Crónica/mortalidad , Bronquitis Crónica/epidemiología , Asma/mortalidad , Asma/epidemiología , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Anciano , Prevalencia , Estudios de Cohortes , Inflamación , NeutrófilosRESUMEN
Purpose: Little research has explored the proteomic characteristics of nasal lavage fluid from asthmatic patients. This study aims to investigate whether differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in nasal lavage fluid can serve as a biomarker to differentiate asthma patients from healthy controls (HCs) and to discern between individuals with well controlled and poorly controlled asthma. Patients and Methods: We enrolled patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, or both conditions, and HCs in this study. We recorded patients' demographic and medical history data and administered asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ). Nasal fluid samples were collected, followed by protein measurements, and proteomic analysis utilizing the data-independent acquisition (DIA) method. Results: Twenty-four with asthma, 27 with combined asthma+ AR, 25 with AR, and 12 HCs were enrolled. Four proteins, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), serpin B7 (SERPINB7), kallikrein-13 (KLK13), and bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) were significantly upregulated in nasal lavage fluid samples of asthma without AR, compared to HCs (Fold change ≥2.0, false-discovery rate [FDR] <0.05). Conversely, 56 proteins including secretoglobin family 2A member 1 (SCGB2A1) were significantly downregulated (fold change ≥2.0, FDR <0.05). Furthermore, 96.49% of DEPs including peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3) and C-X-C motif chemokine 17 (CXCL17) were upregulated in poorly controlled asthma patients without AR relative those with well- or partly controlled asthma (fold change ≥1.5, FDR <0.05). Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) analysis showed that PI3, with 18 connections, may be pivotal in asthma control. Conclusion: The study revealed significant alteration in the nasal lavage proteome in asthma without AR patients. Moreover, our results indicated a potential association between the expression of proteome in the upper airway and the level of asthma control. Specifically, PI3 appears to be a key role in the regulation of asthma without AR.
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PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence and cancer-specific patterns of functional disabilities among US cancer survivors. METHODS: Data from 47,768 cancer survivors and 2,432,754 noncancer adults age 18 years and older from the 2017 to 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed. Functional disabilities assessed included mobility disability (ie, serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs) and self-care disability (ie, self-reported difficulty dressing or bathing). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between functional disabilities and sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. RESULTS: Cancer survivors tended to be older and non-Hispanic White than noncancer adults. The prevalence of mobility disability (27.9% v 13.4%) and self-care disability (7.4% v 3.8%) were higher among cancer survivors compared with noncancer adults. After multivariable adjustments, cancer survivors were more likely to report mobility (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.26]) and self-care (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.29]) disability than noncancer adults. The prevalence of mobility (34.9% v 26.3%) and self-care disability (9.8% v 6.7%) was higher in cancer survivors who were receiving active cancer treatment than in those who had completed cancer treatment. Higher prevalence of mobility and self-care disabilities was observed in cancer survivors who were racial/ethnic minorities and with higher BMI, low physical activity, lower levels of education and/or income, comorbidities, and those experiencing cancer/treatment-related pain. Patterns of mobility and self-care disabilities varied across cancer types. CONCLUSION: Over a quarter of US cancer survivors reported mobility disability, and nearly 10% reported self-care disability, with patterns varying across cancer types and treatment status. Racial/ethnic minorities, along with underserved groups and individuals with unhealthy lifestyles or comorbidities, were notably more affected by functional disabilities, underscoring the need for targeted disability prevention efforts.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Personas con Discapacidad , Limitación de la Movilidad , Neoplasias , Humanos , Supervivientes de Cáncer/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Autocuidado/estadística & datos numéricos , Actividades Cotidianas , Sistema de Vigilancia de Factor de Riesgo ConductualRESUMEN
Asparagus officinalis L. is a horticultural crop that contains a variety of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory effects. Aqueous extracts of A. officinalis can noticeably improve the learning and memory function of model mice. Herein, a pectin-arabinoglucuronogalactan complex (AOPB-1-1) with a relative molecular weight of 90.8 kDa was isolated from A. officinalis. The repeating structural unit of AOPB-1-1 was identified through monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, uronic acid reduction, partial acid hydrolysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AOPB-1-1 contains the rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) domain of pectin polysaccharides (PPs) and arabinoglucuronogalactan (AGG) regions. The backbone of the AGG region is composed of â3,6)-ß-D-Galp-(1â and â4)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â residues substituted at the 4-position to the â4)-α-D-GalAp-(1â residues of the RG-I main chain. The anti-neuroinflammatory activity of AOPB-1-1 suggests that it can significantly reduce the content of inflammatory cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inhibit the expression of inflammatory genes including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-6, and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, its inhibitory effects on TNF-α and IL-6 levels were even better than those of minocycline. The significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity of AOPB-1-1 suggests its applicability as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Antiinflamatorios , Asparagus , Pectinas , Pectinas/farmacología , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Asparagus/química , Animales , Ratones , Galactanos/farmacología , Galactanos/química , Galactanos/aislamiento & purificación , Citocinas/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Peso MolecularRESUMEN
Phosgene is a type of poisonous gas that can cause acute lung injury (ALI) upon accidental exposure. Casualties still occur due to phosgene-induced acute lung injury (P-ALI) from accidents resulting from improper operations. The pathological mechanisms of P-ALI are still understudied. Thus, we performed scRNA-seq on cells isolated from all subpopulations of the BALF in P-ALI and found that Gal3 expression was significantly higher in the gas group than in the control group. Further analysis revealed a ligand-receptor correspondence between alveolar macrophages (AMs) and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), with Gal3 playing a key role in this interaction. To confirm and elaborate on this discovery, we selected four time points during the previous week: sham (day 0), day 1, day 3, and day 7 in the P-ALI mouse model and found that Gal3 expression was significantly elevated in P-ALI, most abundantly expressed in AM cells. This was further confirmed with the use of a Gal3 inhibitor. The inhibition of Gal3 and elimination of AMs in mice both attenuated epithelial cell pyroptosis, as confirmed in in vitro experiments, and revealed the Gal3/caspase-8/GSDMD signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Galectin-3 inhibition can ameliorate AEC pyroptosis by inhibiting the Gal3/caspase-8/GSDMD signaling pathway, thus reducing alveolar damage in mice with P-ALI. This finding provides novel insights for improving treatment efficacy for P-ALI.
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Lesión Pulmonar Aguda , Células Epiteliales Alveolares , Galectina 3 , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fosgeno , Piroptosis , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/patología , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancias para la Guerra Química/toxicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Galectina 3/metabolismo , Galectina 3/genética , Macrófagos Alveolares/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Fosgeno/toxicidad , Piroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Acorus tatarinowii, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is used for the clinical treatment of memory impairment and dementia. In this research, AT50, the crude polysaccharide extracted from A. tatarinowii rhizome, significantly improved the memory and learning ability of mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and exerted excellent anti-neuroinflammatory effects. More importantly, AT50 returned the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1ß, PGE-2, and IL-6 in AD mouse brains to normal levels. To identify the active ingredients in AT50, a heteropolysaccharide ATP50-3 was obtained from AT50. Structural analysis indicated ATP50-3 consisted of α-L-Araf-(1â, â2)-α-L-Araf-(1â, â3)-α-L-Araf-(1â, â5)-α-L-Araf-(1â, α-D-Xylp-(1â, â3,4)-ß-D-Xylp-(1â, â3)-α-D-Galp-(1â, â3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1â, â6)-4-OAc-α-D-Galp-(1â, â3,4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1â, â4)-α-D-Glcp-(1â, â2,3,6)-ß-D-Glcp-(1â, â4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1â, â3,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1â, â4)-α-D-GalpA-(1â, and â4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1 â residues and terminated with Xyl and Ara. Additionally, ATP50-3 significantly inhibited the release of proinflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. ATP50-3 may be an active constituent of AT50, responsible for its anti-neuroinflammatory effects, with great potential to treat AD.
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Acorus , Antiinflamatorios , Polisacáridos , Rizoma , Acorus/química , Animales , Rizoma/química , Ratones , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Masculino , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Background and Aims: The relationship between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and suicidal ideation remains unclear. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among US women and evaluate their associates overall and according to OCP use status. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2012 were used to calculate the prevalence and associates of suicidal ideation in women using OCP. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Overall and OCP-specific weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation were estimated. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to investigate overall and OCP-specific associates. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 3.6% with no evident disparity between OCP groups, suggesting that OCP use is not associated with increased prevalence of suicidal ideation. Smoking was inversely associated with suicidal ideation in the former users of OCP. In the overall population, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was greater in those who were: Black or Hispanic, smoking, taking antidepressants, those with lower educational attainment, and women with low and middle income. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that OCP use was not associated with increased prevalence of suicidal ideation. Unique associates were identified among different OCP groups.
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Design: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become a pressing global health concern, prompting investigations into their potential association with low muscle mass in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 10,255 adults aged 20-59 years who participated in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) during cycles spanning from 2011 to 2018. The primary outcome, low muscle mass, was assessed using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) definition, employing restricted cubic splines and weighted multivariate regression for analysis. Sensitivity analysis incorporated three other prevalent definitions to explore optimal cut points for muscle quality in the context of sarcopenia. Results: The weighted prevalence of low muscle mass was 7.65%. Comparing the percentage of UPFs calories intake between individuals with normal and low muscle mass, the values were found to be similar (55.70 vs. 54.62%). Significantly linear associations were observed between UPFs consumption and low muscle mass (P for non-linear = 0.7915, P for total = 0.0117). Upon full adjustment for potential confounding factors, participants with the highest UPFs intake exhibited a 60% increased risk of low muscle mass (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.26, P for trend = 0.003) and a decrease in ALM/BMI (ß = -0.0176, 95% CI: -0.0274 to -0.0077, P for trend = 0.003). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the consistency of these associations, except for the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) definition, where the observed association between the highest quartiles of UPFs (%Kcal) and low muscle mass did not attain statistical significance (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.87, P for trend = 0.082). Conclusion: Our study underscores a significant linear association between higher UPFs consumption and an elevated risk of low muscle mass in adults. These findings emphasize the potential adverse impact of UPFs on muscle health and emphasize the need to address UPFs consumption as a modifiable risk factor in the context of sarcopenia.
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According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) presents certain effects for nourishing nerves and calming the mind. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) have various biological activities; however, the structural characterization and the structure-activity relationship in anti-neuroinflammation of GLPs needs to be further investigated. In this work, the crude polysaccharide GL70 exhibited a remarkable impact on enhancing the spatial learning and memory function, as well as reducing the anxiety symptoms of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A galactoglucomannan (GLP70-1-2) was isolated from GL70, and characterized by monosaccharide composition, partial acid hydrolysis, methylation, and NMR analysis. The backbone of GLP70-1-2 was â6)-α-D-glcp-(1 â 6)-ß-D-galp-(1 â [6)-ß-D-manp-(1]3 â 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 â 6)-α-D-glcp-(1 â 2)-ß-D-galp-(1 â [4)-α-D-glcp-(1 â 6)-ß-D-manp-(1 â 2)-ß-D-galp-(1]2 â 6)-ß-D-glcp-(1 â 6)-ß-D-glcp-(1â with two side chains attached to O-4 of â6)-ß-D-galp-(1â and O-3 of â6)-ß-D-glcp-(1â, respectively. In addition, GLP70-1-2 exhibited remarkable efficacy in decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-activated BV2 cells through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Collectively, GLP70-1-2 exhibited significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity and may have the potential for developing as a drug for AD.
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Reishi , Ratas , Animales , Reishi/química , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Mananos/química , Polisacáridos/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), defined as decreased forced expiratory volume in the first second in the setting of normal ratio, is associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease and systemic comorbidities. Unlike severe obstructive pulmonary disease, little is known about the impact of PRISm on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and its association with small airway dysfunction (SAD). METHODS: This study enrolled 830 patients who underwent preoperative spirometry and LG between January 2021 and August 2023. Of these, 228 patients were excluded. Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on their baseline lung function, and postoperative outcomes were subsequently analyzed. Potential associations between postoperative outcomes and various clinical variables were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: PRISm was identified in 16.6% of the patients, whereas SAD was present in 20.4%. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) was notably higher in the SAD group (20.3% vs 9.8%, P = .002) and the PRISm group (28.0% vs 9.8%, P < .001) than the normal group. Among the 3 groups, pneumonia was the most frequently observed PPC. Multivariate analysis revealed that both SAD (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% CI, 1.30-4.22; P = .005) and PRISm (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.80-5.90; P < .001) independently constituted significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of PPCs. Univariate analysis showed that female was a possible risk factor for PPCs in PRISm group. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that PRISm and SAD were associated with the increased PPCs in patients undergoing LG for gastric cancer.
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Gastrectomía , Laparoscopía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Espirometría , Humanos , Gastrectomía/efectos adversos , Gastrectomía/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Incidencia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/epidemiología , Neumonía/epidemiología , Neumonía/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Smoke exposure is a prevalent and well-documented risk factor for various diseases across different organ systems. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for a multitude of nervous system disorders. However, there is a notable paucity of research exploring the associations between smoke exposure and sNfL levels. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectional data spanning the years 2013 to 2014. Serum cotinine levels were classified into the following three groups: < 0.05, 0.05-2.99, and ≥ 3 ng/ml. Multiple linear regression models were employed to assess the relationships between serum cotinine levels and sNfL levels. Additionally, we utilized restricted cubic spline analyses to elucidate the potential nonlinear relationship between serum cotinine and sNfL levels. RESULTS: A total of 2053 participants were included in our present research. Among these individuals, the mean age was 47.04 ± 15.32 years, and males accounted for 48.2% of the total study population. After adjusting the full model, serum cotinine was positively correlated with sNfl in the second group (ß = 0.08, 95%CI 0.01-0.15) and in the highest concentration of serum cotinine (ß = 0.10, 95%CI 0.01-0.19) compared to the group with the lowest serum cotinine concentrations. Current smokers, in comparison to non-smokers, exhibited a trend toward elevated sNfL levels (ß = 0.07, 95%CI 0.01-0.13). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed interactions between serum cotinine levels and different age groups (P for interaction = 0.001) and gender stratification (P for interaction = 0.015) on sNfL levels. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that serum cotinine was significantly and positively associated with sNfl levels in adult participants. Furthermore, current smokers tend to exhibit elevated sNfL levels. This research sheds light on the potential implications of smoke exposure on neurological function impairment and underscores the importance of further exploration in this area.
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Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas Nutricionales , Cotinina/análisis , Filamentos Intermedios/química , BiomarcadoresRESUMEN
Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in bronchiectasis patients. Initiating antibiotics early may lead to the eradication of PA. Here we outline the design of a trial (ERASE; NCT06093191) assessing the efficacy and safety of inhaled tobramycin, alone or with oral ciprofloxacin, in bronchiectasis patients with a new isolation of PA. This multicentre, 2×2 factorial randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial includes a 2-week screening period, a 12-week treatment phase (with a combination of ciprofloxacin or a placebo at initial 2â weeks) and a 24-week follow-up. 364 adults with bronchiectasis and a new PA isolation will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo (inhaled saline and ciprofloxacin placebo twice daily), ciprofloxacin alone (750â mg ciprofloxacin and inhaled saline twice daily), inhaled tobramycin alone (inhaled 300â mg tobramycin and ciprofloxacin placebo twice daily) or a combination of both drugs (inhaled 300â mg tobramycin and 750â mg ciprofloxacin twice daily). The primary objective of this study is to assess the proportion of patients successfully eradicating PA in each group by the end of the study. Efficacy will be evaluated based on the eradication rate of PA at other time points (12, 24 and 36â weeks), the occurrence of exacerbations and hospitalisations, time to first pulmonary exacerbations, patient-reported outcomes, symptom measures, pulmonary function tests and the cost of hospitalisations. To date no randomised trial has evaluated the benefit of different PA eradication strategies in bronchiectasis patients. The ERASE trial will therefore generate crucial data to inform future clinical guidelines.
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BACKGROUND: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a cardiac biomarker associated with the risk of heart failure and death in the general population, but it has not been explored in cancer survivors. METHODS: Using a US nationally representative sample of adults 20 years of age and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004, this study compared NT-proBNP levels between adults without cancer (n = 12â574) and adult cancer survivors (n = 787). It examined the association of NT-proBNP with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among cancer survivors. RESULTS: Cancer survivors had higher NT-proBNP levels than adults without cancer (median [interquartile range] = 125.4 pg/mL [52.4-286.0] vs 43.2 pg/mL [20.3-95.0]). In particular, survivors of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers had higher NT-proBNP levels than adults without cancer (multivariable-adjusted P < .05). In total, 471 survivors died (141 from cancer; 95 from cardiac disease) during a median follow-up period of 13.4 years (9393 person-years). Among cancer survivors, higher NT-proBNP levels were statistically associated with increased risks of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18 to 1.46) and cardiac death (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.00) but not with death from cancer (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.32]). Higher NT-proBNP levels were associated with elevated overall mortality in survivors of prostate cancer (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.81) and colorectal cancer (HR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.00 to 3.16) (P = .169 for interaction). Nonlinear dose-response relationships were observed between NT-proBNP and mortality, with statistically significant relationships emerging above 125 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer survivors had higher NT-proBNP levels than adults without cancer, and elevated NT-proBNP levels were associated with higher risks of all-cause and cardiac mortality in cancer survivors.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico , Neoplasias , Encuestas Nutricionales , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Humanos , Masculino , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Supervivientes de Cáncer/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Neoplasias/sangre , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Causas de Muerte , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangreRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The nasal cavity is the initial site of the human respiratory tract and is one of the habitats where microorganisms colonize. The findings from a growing number of studies have shown that the nasal microbiome is an important factor for human disease and health. 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) are the most commonly used means of microbiome evaluation. Among them, 16S rRNA sequencing is the primary method used in previous studies of nasal microbiomes. However, neither 16S rRNA sequencing nor mNGS can be used to analyze the genes specifically expressed by nasal microorganisms and their functions. This problem can be addressed by proteomic analysis of the nasal microbiome. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we summarize current advances in research on the nasal microbiome, introduce the methods for proteomic evaluation of the nasal microbiome, and focus on the important roles of proteomic evaluation of the nasal microbiome in the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. EXPERT OPINION: The detection method for microbiome-expressed proteins is known as metaproteomics. Metaproteomic analysis can help us dig deeper into the nasal microbiomes and provide new targets and ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of many nasal dysbiosis-related diseases.
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Microbiota , Proteómica , Humanos , Microbiota/genética , Proteómica/métodos , Cavidad Nasal/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
MOTIVATION: In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs), the particular form of RNA with a closed-loop structure, have attracted widespread attention due to their physiological significance (they can directly bind proteins), leading to the development of numerous protein site identification algorithms. Unfortunately, these studies are supervised and require the vast majority of labeled samples in training to produce superior performance. But the acquisition of sample labels requires a large number of biological experiments and is difficult to obtain. RESULTS: To resolve this matter that a great deal of tags need to be trained in the circRNA-binding site prediction task, a self-supervised learning binding site identification algorithm named CircSI-SSL is proposed in this article. According to the survey, this is unprecedented in the research field. Specifically, CircSI-SSL initially combines multiple feature coding schemes and employs RNA_Transformer for cross-view sequence prediction (self-supervised task) to learn mutual information from the multi-view data, and then fine-tuning with only a few sample labels. Comprehensive experiments on six widely used circRNA datasets indicate that our CircSI-SSL algorithm achieves excellent performance in comparison to previous algorithms, even in the extreme case where the ratio of training data to test data is 1:9. In addition, the transplantation experiment of six linRNA datasets without network modification and hyperparameter adjustment shows that CircSI-SSL has good scalability. In summary, the prediction algorithm based on self-supervised learning proposed in this article is expected to replace previous supervised algorithms and has more extensive application value. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The source code and data are available at https://github.com/cc646201081/CircSI-SSL.
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ARN Circular , ARN , Sitios de Unión , Algoritmos , Aprendizaje Automático SupervisadoRESUMEN
Despite conventional glucocorticoid and antifungal therapy, acute exacerbation and hospitalization occur frequently in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Whether omalizumab is an effective and safe treatment for adult patients with ABPA complicating asthma. Patients with ABPA complicating asthma who were treated with omalizumab from October 2019 to May 2023 were collected from five tertiary hospitals and evaluated. The frequencies of acute exacerbation and hospitalization; the number of eosinophils; the total IgE levels; and the average monthly medical dosages after 3, 6, and 12 months of omalizumab treatment were analysed, and the data before and after treatment (up to one year) were compared. The efficacy and safety of omalizumab treatment were assessed. In total, 26 patients were enrolled. The average monthly glucocorticoid dosage significantly decreased (median 0 vs. 24 mg/m) after 6 months of omalizumab treatment compared with 3 months; 73.68% of patients discontinued glucocorticoids after ≤ 12 months of treatment. Similarly, the average monthly dosage of antifungal agents was significantly decreased (median 0 vs. 3.49 g/m) after 12 months of treatment compared with 3 months. The average monthly glucocorticoid dosage (median 213.75 vs. 65.42 mg/m, P = 0.002) and the frequency of acute exacerbation (median 0.94 vs. 0.44 events, P = 0.033) were considerably reduced after omalizumab treatment. Omalizumab is effective in reducing the frequency of acute exacerbation and the necessary dosage of glucocorticoids in adult patients with ABPA complicating asthma. Patient age and BMI may affect the efficacy of treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antialérgicos , Aspergilosis Broncopulmonar Alérgica , Asma , Omalizumab , Adulto , Humanos , Antialérgicos/uso terapéutico , Aspergilosis Broncopulmonar Alérgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Aspergilosis Broncopulmonar Alérgica/complicaciones , Asma/complicaciones , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , China , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Omalizumab/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This article describes key data sources and methods used to estimate hearing loss in the United States, in the Global Burden of Disease study. Then, trends in hearing loss are described for 2019, including temporal trends from 1990 to 2019, changing prevalence over age, severity patterns, and utilization of hearing aids. DESIGN: We utilized population-representative surveys from the United States to estimate hearing loss prevalence for the Global Burden of Disease study. A key input data source in modeled estimates are the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), years 1988 to 2010. We ran hierarchical severity-specific models to estimate hearing loss prevalence. We then scaled severity-specific models to sum to total hearing impairment prevalence, adjusted estimates for hearing aid coverage, and split estimates by etiology and tinnitus status. We computed years lived with disability (YLDs), which quantifies the amount of health loss associated with a condition depending on severity and creates a common metric to compare the burden of disparate diseases. This was done by multiplying the prevalence of severity-specific hearing loss by corresponding disability weights, with additional weighting for tinnitus comorbidity. RESULTS: An estimated 72.88 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 68.53 to 77.30) people in the United States had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for 22.2% (20.9 to 23.6) of the total population. Hearing loss was responsible for 2.24 million (1.56 to 3.11) YLDs (3.6% (2.8 to 4.7) of total US YLDs). Age-standardized prevalence was higher in males (17.7% [16.7 to 18.8]) compared with females (11.9%, [11.2 to 12.5]). While most cases of hearing loss were mild (64.3%, 95% UI 61.0 to 67.6), disability was concentrated in cases that were moderate or more severe. The all-age prevalence of hearing loss in the United States was 28.1% (25.7 to 30.8) higher in 2019 than in 1990, despite stable age-standardized prevalence. An estimated 9.7% (8.6 to 11.0) of individuals with mild to profound hearing loss utilized a hearing aid, while 32.5% (31.9 to 33.2) of individuals with hearing loss experienced tinnitus. Occupational noise exposure was responsible for 11.2% (10.2 to 12.4) of hearing loss YLDs. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate large burden of hearing loss in the United States, with an estimated 1 in 5 people experiencing this condition. While many cases of hearing loss in the United States were mild, growing prevalence, low usage of hearing aids, and aging populations indicate the rising impact of this condition in future years and the increasing importance of domestic access to hearing healthcare services. Large-scale audiometric surveys such as NHANES are needed to regularly assess hearing loss burden and access to healthcare, improving our understanding of who is impacted by hearing loss and what groups are most amenable to intervention.
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Audífonos , Pérdida Auditiva , Acúfeno , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Acúfeno/epidemiología , Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad , Encuestas Nutricionales , Salud Global , Pérdida Auditiva/epidemiología , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
The assessment of ß-cell function, defined as the relationship between insulin secretion rate (ISR) and plasma glucose, is not standardized and often involves any of a number of ß-cell function indices. We compared ß-cell function by using popular indices obtained during basal conditions and after glucose ingestion, including the HOMA-B index, the basal ISR (or plasma insulin)-to-plasma glucose concentration ratio, the insulinogenic and ISRogenic indices, the ISR (or plasma insulin)-to-plasma glucose concentration areas (or incremental areas) under the curve ratio, and the disposition index, which integrates a specific ß-cell function index value with an estimate of insulin sensitivity, between lean people with normal fasting glucose (NFG) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 50) and four groups of people with obesity (n = 188) with 1) NFG-NGT, 2) NFG and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 3) impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and IGT, and 4) type 2 diabetes. We also plotted the ISR-plasma glucose relationship before and after glucose ingestion and used a statistical mixed-effects model to evaluate group differences in this relationship (i.e., ß-cell function). Index-based group differences in ß-cell function produced contradicting results and did not reflect the group differences of the actual observed ISR-glucose relationship or, in the case of the disposition index, group differences in glycemic status. The discrepancy in results is likely due to incorrect mathematical assumptions that are involved in computing indices, which can be overcome by evaluating the relationship between ISR and plasma glucose with an appropriate statistical model. Data obtained with common ß-cell function indices should be interpreted cautiously.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Intolerancia a la Glucosa , Resistencia a la Insulina , Humanos , Glucemia , Insulina , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Glucosa , AyunoRESUMEN
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with lower birth weight, childhood obesity, and elevated blood pressure (BP) in offspring. We aimed to examine whether birth weight and body mass index (BMI) mediate the effect of MSDP on BP in children. The study included 14,713 children aged 8 to 15 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2018. General third-variable models were used to examine the mediating effects of birth weight and BMI on the association of MSDP with BP. A total of 1928 (13.1%) children were exposed to MSDP. MSDP was associated with reduced birth weight (p < 0.001), increased BMI (p < 0.001), and elevated systolic BP (p = 0.005). MSDP was not associated with systolic BP after adjustment for birth weight and BMI z-score (p = 0.875), with 95.0% of the effect of MSDP on BP mediated by birth weight (39.1%) and BMI (55.9%). In conclusion, lower birth weight and increased obesity measures mediate the adverse effects of MSDP on BP in children. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the adverse effect of MSDP on BP in children and have implications for preventing hypertension in later life.