[Epiphyseal fracture of the second metatarsal in adolescents: report of two cases]. / Fractura epifisaria del segundo metatarsiano en adolescentes: reporte de dos casos.

Epiphyseal fractures of the metatarsal head are a rare entity specially as an isolated injury and is rarely seen in patients with skeletal immaturity. Due lack of documentation for this type of fracture, the treatment of choice is uncertain. The purpose of the present study is to present two cases and treatment of epiphyseal fracture of the second metatarsal head, to our knowledge there are no publications for this injury.

Las fracturas epifisarias de la cabeza metatarsiana son una entidad poco frecuente, principalmente cuando se presentan de forma aislada y en raras ocasiones se ven en pacientes con inmadurez esquelética. Debido a la escasez de documentación para este tipo de fractura, el tratamiento de elección es incierto. El motivo del presente estudio es presentar dos casos de fractura epifisaria de la cabeza del segundo metatarsiano y su tratamiento, ya que para nuestro conocimiento no hay publicaciones al respecto.

Apertura del primer espacio en pacientes con artrogriposis múltiple congénita y pulgar aducto con técnica de colgajo dorsorradial del índice / Opening of the first web space in patients with multiple congenital arthrogryposis and adducted thumb with a dorsoradial index finger flap

Introducción: La artrogriposis múltiple congénita es un síndrome progresivo caracterizado por articulaciones deformadas y rígidas, atrofia o ausencia muscular, contractura y engrosamiento del tejido articular capsular y periarticular y estado psíquico normal. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de carácter descriptivo, con un nivel III de evidencia, sobre el manejo quirúrgico que recibieron pacientes con artrogriposis múltiple congénita y pulgar aducto congénito, en un período entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2010. Se realizaron 27 aperturas con técnica de colgajo dorso radial de índice, en 16 pacientes. En 80% de los pacientes se inició con la mano dominante, fueron nueve pacientes de sexo masculino y siete de sexo femenino, las manos operadas fueron 15 derechas y 12 izquierdas. Resultados: El diseño del colgajo permite un mejor avance y profundización del espacio y una mejoría cosmética. El ángulo intermetacarpiano primero y segundo preoperatorio fue en promedio de 20.5º, siendo el mínimo de 14º y el máximo de 27º. El promedio del ángulo intermetacarpiano primero y segundo postoperatorio fue de 50º, siendo el mínimo de 36º y el máximo de 65º, esto se observó en la clínica con una extensión activa de los pulgares así como una buena oposición del pulgar. Conclusiones: El diseño del colgajo permite un mejor avance y profundización del espacio, con un mejor balance entre los flexores y extensores, todos los pacientes tuvieron una mejor función de la extremidad y una mejoría cosmética.

Introduction: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a progressive syndrome characterized by deformed and stiff joints, atrophy or absence of muscles, contracture and thickening of the capsular articular and periarticular tissue, and normal psychic status. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive, evidence level III study was conducted on the surgical management of patients with Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and congenital adducted thumb between January 2005 and December 2010. Twenty-seven opening procedures were performed in 16 patients with a dorsoradial index finger flap technique. In 80% of patients the dominant hand was operated first; patients included nine males and seven females; the operated hands included 15 right and 12 left hands. Results: Flap design permits better advancement and space deepening, and cosmetic improvement. The mean preoperative first and second intermetacarpal angle was 20.5º on average, with a minimum of 14º and a maximum of 27º. The mean postoperative first and second intermetacarpal angle was 50º, with a minimum of 36º and a maximum of 65º. This was observed at the clinic with active thumb extension as well as proper thumb apposition. Conclusions: Flap design permits better advancement and space deepening, with a better balance between flexors and extensors. All patients had better limb function and cosmetic improvement.

[Opening of the first web space in patients with multiple congenital arthrogryposis and adducted thumb with a dorsoradial index finger flap]. / Apertura del primer espacio en pacientes con artrogriposis múltiple cong6nita y pulgar aducto con técnica de colgajo dorsorradial del índice.

INTRODUCTION: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a progressive syndrome characterized by deformed and stiff joints, atrophy or absence of muscles, contracture and thickening of the capsular articular and periarticular tissue, and normal psychic status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive, evidence level HI study was conducted on the surgical management of patients with Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and congenital adducted thumb between January 2005 and December 2010. Twenty-seven opening procedures were performed in 16 patients with a dorsoradial index finger flap technique. In 80% of patients the dominant hand was operated first; patients included nine males and seven females; the operated hands included 15 right and 12 left hands. RESULTS: Flap design permits better advancement and space deepening, and cosmetic improvement. The mean preoperative first and second intermetacarpal angle was 20.5 degrees on average, with a minimum of 14 degrees and a maximum of 27 degrees. The mean postoperative first and second intermetacarpal angle was 50 degrees, with a minimum of 36 degrees and a maximum of 65 degrees. This was observed at the clinic with active thumb extension as well as proper thumb apposition. CONCLUSIONS: Flap design permits better advancement and space deepening, with a better balance between flexors and extensors. All patients had better limb function and cosmetic improvement.