Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth express neuronal markers before differentiation induction.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate neuronal markers in stromal cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and standardize the isolation and characterization of those cells. METHODOLOGY: Healthy primary teeth were collected from children. The cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. By following the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT) guidelines, SHED were characterized by flow cytometry and differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F) were performed to assess these cells' potential and efficiency. To clarify the neuronal potential of SHED, the expression of nestin and ßIII-tubulin were examined by immunofluorescence and SOX1, SOX2, GFAP, and doublecortin (DCX), nestin, CD56, and CD146 by flow cytometry. RESULTS: SHED showed mesenchymal stromal cells characteristics, such as adhesion to plastic, positive immunophenotypic profile for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166 markers, reduced expression for CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR, and differentiation in three lineages confirmed by staining and gene expression for adipogenic differentiation. The average efficiency of colony formation was 16.69%. SHED expressed the neuronal markers nestin and ßIII-tubulin; the fluorescent signal intensity was significantly higher in ßIII-tubulin (p<0.0001) compared to nestin. Moreover, SHED expressed DCX, GFAP, nestin, SOX1, SOX2, CD56, CD146, and CD271. Therefore, SHED had a potential for neuronal lineage even without induction with culture medium and specific factors. CONCLUSION: SHEDs may be a new therapeutic strategy for regenerating and repairing neuronal cells and tissues.

Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth express neuronal markers before differentiation induction

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to evaluate neuronal markers in stromal cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and standardize the isolation and characterization of those cells. Methodology: Healthy primary teeth were collected from children. The cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. By following the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT) guidelines, SHED were characterized by flow cytometry and differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F) were performed to assess these cells' potential and efficiency. To clarify the neuronal potential of SHED, the expression of nestin and βIII-tubulin were examined by immunofluorescence and SOX1, SOX2, GFAP, and doublecortin (DCX), nestin, CD56, and CD146 by flow cytometry. Results: SHED showed mesenchymal stromal cells characteristics, such as adhesion to plastic, positive immunophenotypic profile for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166 markers, reduced expression for CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR, and differentiation in three lineages confirmed by staining and gene expression for adipogenic differentiation. The average efficiency of colony formation was 16.69%. SHED expressed the neuronal markers nestin and βIII-tubulin; the fluorescent signal intensity was significantly higher in βIII-tubulin (p<0.0001) compared to nestin. Moreover, SHED expressed DCX, GFAP, nestin, SOX1, SOX2, CD56, CD146, and CD271. Therefore, SHED had a potential for neuronal lineage even without induction with culture medium and specific factors. Conclusion: SHEDs may be a new therapeutic strategy for regenerating and repairing neuronal cells and tissues.

Surgical correction of metatarsal angular deviation in a Thoroughbred filly using wedge metatarsal ostectomy: a case report / Correção cirúrgica de desvio angular metatársico em uma potra Puro-Sangue utilizando ostectomia em cunha: um relato de caso

This study describes a corrective procedure for a metatarsal angular malformation using wedge ostectomy in a 41-day-old Thoroughbred filly. A 41.6 °angular malformation of the metatarsus was corrected with wedge ostectomy of the left hindlimb in association with a type II external fixator and methyl methacrylate resin. The animal was subjected to the surgical procedure under general anesthesia. The filly was placed in dorsal recumbency with the left hind limb free for manipulation. A bone saw was used for the wedge ostectomy, while the bars for external fixation were placed using a drill. A Kirschner pin and acrylic resin were then applied. Radiographic images obtained immediately after surgery confirmed a total malformation reduction of 32.6 (from 41.6° to 9°). With medication and a Robert Jones bandage, intensive postoperative care was instituted to ensure that the animal adapted properly to the linear external fixator without overloading the pins and connection bars. No postoperative complications were observed. On the day after surgery, the filly was standing and walking with no signs of pain. After 180 days, total osseous calcification was achieved, and the implants were removed during the second surgery. The filly demonstrated adequate locomotion, performed all the movements, and ran without any difficulty in the paddock. The remaining discrete angular deviations were partially corrected using hoof trimming.

O objetivo desse estudo é descrever o procedimento de correção da malformação de desvio angular metatársico, utilizando ostectomia em cunha, em uma potra puro-sangue de 41 dias de idade. Uma malformação metatársica angular de 41.6º foi corrigida com a técnica de ostectomia em cunha, em associação com fixador externo tipo II e resina de metilmetacrilato, no membro pélvico esquerdo. O animal foi submetido à cirurgia sob protocolo de anestesia geral. A potra foi posicionada em decúbito dorsal, com o membro pélvico esquerdo livre para manipulação. Para a realização da ostectomia em cunha, foi utilizada uma serra óssea. Para a instalação das barras do fixador externo, uma furadeira foi utilizada e, para fixá-los, pinos de Kirschner e resina acrílica foram aplicados. Logo após a cirurgia, imagens radiográficas foram obtidas para confirmar a redução total de 32,6º (de 41,6º para 9º) de angulação. Para garantir que o animal se adaptasse ao fixador externo linear e não sobrecarregasse os pinos e barras, foram instituídos cuidados pós-operatórios intensos, com medicações e bandagem de Robert Jones. Não houve complicações no pós-operatório. No dia seguinte à cirurgia, a potra estava em pé, caminhando e sem sinais de dor. Após 180 dias, alcançou total calcificação óssea e os implantes puderam ser removidos em um segundo tempo cirúrgico. A potra demonstrou locomoção adequada, realizando todos os movimentos normais e pôde correr pelo pasto sem dificuldades. Um discreto desvio angular remanescente foi parcialmente corrigido por casqueamento.

Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease with Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells and CD133+ Expanded Cells: A Comparative Preclinical Analysis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by structural abnormalities and the progressive loss of kidney function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human umbilical cord tissue (hUCT)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and expanded human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived CD133+ cells (eCD133+) maintain the characteristics of the parent cells, providing a new form of cell-free treatment. We evaluated the effects of EVs from hUCT-derived MSCs and hUCB-derived CD133+ cells on rats with CDK induced by an adenine-enriched diet. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and electron microscopy. The animals were randomized and divided into the MSC-EV group, eEPC-EV group and control group. Infusions occurred on the seventh and 14th days after CKD induction. Evaluations of kidney function were carried out by biochemical and histological analyses. Intense labeling of the α-SMA protein was observed when comparing the control with MSC-EVs. In both groups treated with EVs, a significant increase in serum albumin was observed, and the increase in cystatin C was inhibited. The results indicated improvements in renal function in CKD, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from MSCs and eCD133+ cells and suggesting the possibility that in the future, more than one type of EV will be used concurrently.

Lung Tissue Damage Associated with Allergic Asthma in BALB/c Mice Could Be Controlled with a Single Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow up to 14 d After Transplantation.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research has demonstrated the potential of these cells to modulate lung inflammatory processes and tissue repair; however, the underlying mechanisms and treatment durability remain unknown. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of human bone marrow-derived MSCs in the inflammatory process and pulmonary remodeling of asthmatic BALB/c mice up to 14 d after transplantation. Our study used ovalbumin to induce allergic asthma in male BALB/c mice. MSCs were injected intratracheally in the asthma groups. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected, and cytology was performed to measure the total protein, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and proinflammatory (IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) interleukin (IL) levels. The lungs were removed for the histopathological evaluation. On day zero, the eosinophil and lymphochte percentages, total protein concentrations, and IL-13 and IL-17A levels in the BALF were significantly increased in the asthma group, proving the efficacy of the experimental model of allergic asthma. On day 7, the MSC-treated group exhibited significant reductions in the eosinophil, lymphocyte, total protein, H2O2, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A levels in the BALF, while the IL-10 levels were significantly increased. On day 14, the total cell numbers and lymphocyte, total protein, IL-13, and IL-17A levels in the BALF in the MSC-treated group were significantly decreased. A significant decrease in airway remodeling was observed on days 7 and 14 in almost all bronchioles, which showed reduced inflammatory infiltration, collagen deposition, muscle and epithelial thickening, and mucus production. These results demonstrate that treatment with a single injection of MSCs reduces the pathophysiological events occurring in an experimental model of allergic asthma by controlling the inflammatory process up to 14 d after transplantation.

Expanded CD133+ Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood Improved Heart Function in Rats after Severe Myocardial Infarction.

Pharmacological approaches are partially effective in limiting infarct size. Cell therapies using a cell population enriched with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) CD133+ have opened new perspectives for the treatment of ischemic areas after infarction. This preclinical study evaluated the effect of intramyocardial transplantation of purified or expanded human umbilical cord blood-derived CD133+ cells on the recovery of rats following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Histology studies, electrocardiogram, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to evaluate heart recovery. Purified CD133+ cells, enriched in endothelial progenitor cells, when expanded in vitro acquired an endothelial-like cell phenotype expressing CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The group of infarcted rats that received expanded CD133+ cells had a more significant recovery of contraction performance and less heart remodeling than the group that received purified CD133+ cells. Either purified or expanded CD133+ cells were able to induce neovascularization in the infarcted myocardium in an equivalent manner. Few human cells were detected in the infarcted myocardium of the rats 28 days after transplantation suggesting that the effects observed might be related primarily to paracrine activity. Although both cell populations ameliorated the infarcted heart and are suitable for regeneration of the vascular system, expanded CD133+ cells are more beneficial and promising candidates for vascular regeneration.

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fertility in Experimental Retrocervical Endometriosis / O efeito das células-tronco mesenquimais na fertilidade em endometriose retrocervical experimental

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on fertility in experimental retrocervical endometriosis. Methods A total of 27 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: endometriosis, in which endometrial implants were created; mesenchymal, in which MSCs were applied in addition to the creation of endometrial implants; and control, the group without endometriosis. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the dichotomous qualitative variables among the groups. The quantitative variables were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The MannWhitney test was used for post-hoc multiple comparison with Boniferroni correction. Results Regarding the beginning of the fertile period, the three groups had medians of 14±12.7, 40±5, and 33±8.9 days respectively (p = 0.005). With regard to fertility (number of pregnancies), the endometriosis and control groups showed a rate of 77.78%, whereas the mesenchymal group showed a rate of 11.20% (p = 0.015). No differences in Keenan's histological classification were observed among the groups (p = 0.730). With regard to the macroscopic appearance of the lesions, the mesenchymal group showed the most pelvic adhesions. Conclusion The use of MSCs in endometriosis negatively contributed to fertility, suggesting the role of these cells in the development of this disease.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito das células-tronco mesenquimais sobre a fertilidade na endometriose retrocervical experimental. Métodos Um total de 27 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididas em três grupos: endometriose, em que os implantes endometriais foram criados; mesenquimal, em que as células-tronco mesenquimais foram aplicadas complementarmente à criação implantes endometriais; e controle, sem endometriose. O teste exato de Fisher foi realizado para comparar variáveis dicotômicas qualitativas entre os grupos. As variáveis quantitativas foram comparadas pelos testes não paramétricos de MannWhitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação múltipla pós-hoc com correção de Boniferroni. Resultados em relação ao início do período fértil, os grupos endometriose, mesenquimal e controle tiveram medianas de 14±12,7; 40±5; e 33±8,9 dias, respectivamente (p = 0,005). Sobre a taxa de fertilidade (número de gravidezes), os grupos endometriose e controle mostraram uma taxa de 77,78%, enquanto o grupo mesenquimal mostrou uma taxa de 11,20% (p = 0,015). Não foram observadas diferenças na classificação histológica de Keenan entre os grupos (p = 0,730). No que diz respeito à aparência macroscópica das lesões, o grupo mesenquimal mostrou maiores adesões pélvicas. Conclusão O uso de células-tronco mesenquimais na endometriose contribuiu negativamente para a fertilidade, sugerindo o papel dessas células no desenvolvimento da doença.

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fertility in Experimental Retrocervical Endometriosis.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on fertility in experimental retrocervical endometriosis. Methods A total of 27 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: endometriosis, in which endometrial implants were created; mesenchymal, in which MSCs were applied in addition to the creation of endometrial implants; and control, the group without endometriosis. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the dichotomous qualitative variables among the groups. The quantitative variables were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Mann-Whitney test was used for post-hoc multiple comparison with Boniferroni correction. Results Regarding the beginning of the fertile period, the three groups had medians of 14 ± 12.7, 40 ± 5, and 33 ± 8.9 days respectively (p = 0.005). With regard to fertility (number of pregnancies), the endometriosis and control groups showed a rate of 77.78%, whereas the mesenchymal group showed a rate of 11.20% (p = 0.015). No differences in Keenan's histological classification were observed among the groups (p = 0.730). With regard to the macroscopic appearance of the lesions, the mesenchymal group showed the most pelvic adhesions. Conclusion The use of MSCs in endometriosis negatively contributed to fertility, suggesting the role of these cells in the development of this disease.

Objetivo Avaliar o efeito das células-tronco mesenquimais sobre a fertilidade na endometriose retrocervical experimental. Métodos Um total de 27 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididas em três grupos: endometriose, em que os implantes endometriais foram criados; mesenquimal, em que as células-tronco mesenquimais foram aplicadas complementarmente à criação implantes endometriais; e controle, sem endometriose. O teste exato de Fisher foi realizado para comparar variáveis dicotômicas qualitativas entre os grupos. As variáveis quantitativas foram comparadas pelos testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação múltipla pós-hoc com correção de Boniferroni. Resultados em relação ao início do período fértil, os grupos endometriose, mesenquimal e controle tiveram medianas de 14 ± 12,7; 40 ± 5; e 33 ± 8,9 dias, respectivamente (p = 0,005). Sobre a taxa de fertilidade (número de gravidezes), os grupos endometriose e controle mostraram uma taxa de 77,78%, enquanto o grupo mesenquimal mostrou uma taxa de 11,20% (p = 0,015). Não foram observadas diferenças na classificação histológica de Keenan entre os grupos (p = 0,730). No que diz respeito à aparência macroscópica das lesões, o grupo mesenquimal mostrou maiores adesões pélvicas. Conclusão O uso de células-tronco mesenquimais na endometriose contribuiu negativamente para a fertilidade, sugerindo o papel dessas células no desenvolvimento da doença.

Aspectos clínicos e fatores prognósticos do melanoma oral de quatro cães / Clinical aspects and prognostic factors of the oral melanoma of four dogs

O melanoma é a neoplasia oral maligna de maior incidência em cães domésticos, sendo considerada a de pior prognóstico, entre o fibrossarcoma e o carcinoma de células escamosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever quatro casos de cães com melanoma oral, confirmados histopatologicamente, seus aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e radiográficos, baseados no estadiamento tumoral. Foram avaliadas as queixas dos proprietários, o histórico, os sinais clínicos e radiográficos, a terapêutica e o tempo de sobrevida destes animais, por meio de fichas descritivas, exames radiográficos e histopatológicos. No exame clínico foram detectados sinais como: halitose, sialorréia, linfoadenomegalia submandibular, perda de peso, cansaço, dispnéia, apatia, dificuldade de apreensão do alimento, dor intensa, anorexia e dificuldade de ingestão de água. A idade média dos cães avaliados foi de 10,75±1,5 anos, o tempo médio de evolução do melanoma foi de 8,3±11 meses e o tamanho dos tumores orais foi de 6±2,36 centímetros. Conclui-se que apesar da variedade dos métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos existentes, o melanoma oral em cães constitui um desafio, clínico e cirúrgico, devido ao alto grau de malignidade e recidivas apresentadas; o quê até o momento reflete em prognóstico reservado a desfavorável com avançado grau de estadiamento tumoral, para os pacientes. Consequente, do atraso diagnóstico ocasionado pela demora dos proprietários em procurar atendimento.

Melanoma is oral malignant tumor of higher incidence in domestic dogs. It is being considered the worst prognosis of fibrosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of this study was to describe four cases of dogs with oral melanoma, confirmed histopathologically. Its clinical, epidemiological and radiographic findings, based on tumor staging. We evaluated the complaints of owners, the history, clinical signs and radiographic findings, treatment and survival time of these animals, through fact sheets, radiographic and histopathologic findings. Clinical examination detected signs such as halitosis, drooling, submandibular lymphadenopathy, weight loss, fatigue, dyspnea, lethargy, difficulty in seizing the food, pain, anorexia and difficulty of swallowing water. The average age of dogs evaluated was 10.75 ± 1.5 years, the average time to progression of melanoma was 8.3 ± 11 months and size of oral tumors was 6 ± 2.36 cm. It is concluded that despite the variety of diagnostic and therapeutic methods existing, oral melanoma in dogs is a challenge, medical and surgical, due to high rate of malignancy and recurrence presented. What yet reflected in the unfavorable booked with advanced degree of tumor staging prognosis for patients. Consequently, the diagnostic delay caused by the delay of the owners to seek care.

Aspectos clínicos e fatores prognósticos do melanoma oral de quatro cães / Clinical aspects and prognostic factors of the oral melanoma of four dogs

O melanoma é a neoplasia oral maligna de maior incidência em cães domésticos, sendo considerada a de pior prognóstico, entre o fibrossarcoma e o carcinoma de células escamosas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever quatro casos de cães com melanoma oral, confirmados histopatologicamente, seus aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e radiográficos, baseados no estadiamento tumoral. Foram avaliadas as queixas dos proprietários, o histórico, os sinais clínicos e radiográficos, a terapêutica e o tempo de sobrevida destes animais, por meio de fichas descritivas, exames radiográficos e histopatológicos. No exame clínico foram detectados sinais como: halitose, sialorréia, linfoadenomegalia submandibular, perda de peso, cansaço, dispnéia, apatia, dificuldade de apreensão do alimento, dor intensa, anorexia e dificuldade de ingestão de água. A idade média dos cães avaliados foi de 10,75±1,5 anos, o tempo médio de evolução do melanoma foi de 8,3±11 meses e o tamanho dos tumores orais foi de 6±2,36 centímetros. Conclui-se que apesar da variedade dos métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos existentes, o melanoma oral em cães constitui um desafio, clínico e cirúrgico, devido ao alto grau de malignidade e recidivas apresentadas; o quê até o momento reflete em prognóstico reservado a desfavorável com avançado grau de estadiamento tumoral, para os pacientes. Consequente, do atraso diagnóstico ocasionado pela demora dos proprietários em procurar atendimento.(AU)

Melanoma is oral malignant tumor of higher incidence in domestic dogs. It is being considered the worst prognosis of fibrosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of this study was to describe four cases of dogs with oral melanoma, confirmed histopathologically. Its clinical, epidemiological and radiographic findings, based on tumor staging. We evaluated the complaints of owners, the history, clinical signs and radiographic findings, treatment and survival time of these animals, through fact sheets, radiographic and histopathologic findings. Clinical examination detected signs such as halitosis, drooling, submandibular lymphadenopathy, weight loss, fatigue, dyspnea, lethargy, difficulty in seizing the food, pain, anorexia and difficulty of swallowing water. The average age of dogs evaluated was 10.75 ± 1.5 years, the average time to progression of melanoma was 8.3 ± 11 months and size of oral tumors was 6 ± 2.36 cm. It is concluded that despite the variety of diagnostic and therapeutic methods existing, oral melanoma in dogs is a challenge, medical and surgical, due to high rate of malignancy and recurrence presented. What yet reflected in the unfavorable booked with advanced degree of tumor staging prognosis for patients. Consequently, the diagnostic delay caused by the delay of the owners to seek care.(AU)

Avaliação do meloxicam para o tratamento da inflamação e da dor associadas a operações ortopédicas em cães / Evaluation of meloxicam for the treatment of inflammation and pain associated to orthopedic surgery in dogs

Meloxicam é um anti-inflamatório não esteroidal amplamente utilizado em cães para o alívio sintomático da inflamação e dor de intensidade leve a moderada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar aeficácia e segurança do meloxicam em cães adultos não politraumatizados que foram submetidos à operações ortopédicas. Foram avaliados 47 cães, operados na Unidade Hospitalar para Animais de Companhia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná , durante o período de seis meses. Estes cães receberam por via subcutânea, meloxicam na dose de 0,2 mg/kg de peso no dia do procedimento cirúrgico e, subsequente, a dose de 0,1 mg/kgpor via oral a cada 24 horas, por um período que variou de sete a 14 dias. A eficácia foi avaliada por escalas visuais numéricas de dor e de deambulação e questionário especialmente elaborado para este estudo. A segurança foi avaliada com base nos sinais clínicos e eventos adversos relatados. Os cães sem raça definida representaram a maior parte dos cães (40,42%) e a operação mais frequente foi osteossíntese em diáfise de osso longo (42,55%). A média de dias de tratamento com meloxicam foi de 9,11 dias, nenhum cão precisou de analgesia de resgate, 22dias foi o tempo médio para os cães recuperarem a funcionalidade do membro. Somente três animais apresentaram efeitos adversos decorrentes do uso do fármaco (vômito, epigastralgia e hiporexia), representando 6,38%. Conclui-se que a atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica do meloxicam, na posologia estudada, apresentou-se eficiente em situações pós-operatórias musculoesqueléticas com baixos índices de efeitos colaterais(AU)

Meloxicam is anonsteroidal anti-inflammatory widely used in dogs for the symptomatic relief of inflammation and pain mild to moderate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of meloxicam in adult dogs not polytrauma submitted orthopedic operations. Were evaluated 47 dogs, operated on Hospital for Small Animals at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná during the six-month period. These dogs received a subcutaneous dose of meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg on the day of surgery, and there after the dose of 0.1mg / kg or ally every 24 hours for a period ranging seven to 14 days. Efficacy was evaluated by visual numeric scales of pain and ambulation and questionnaire especially designed for this study. Safety was assessed based on clinical signs and reported adverse events. The animals no defined breed represented the majority of dogs(40.42%) and the most frequent operation was osteosynthesis in diaphyseal with simple fracture (42.55%). The average days of meloxicam treatment was 9.11 days, no dogs required rescue analgesia, 22 days was the averagetime for dogs recover the functionality of the member. Only three animals showed adverse effects of using the drug (vomiting, epigastric pain and hyporexia), representing 6.38%. It is concluded that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of meloxicam in dosage studied, presented efficient in musculoskeletal postoperative situations with low incidence of side effects(AU)

Avaliação do meloxicam para o tratamento da inflamação e da dor associadas a operações ortopédicas em cães / Evaluation of meloxicam for the treatment of inflammation and pain associated to orthopedic surgery in dogs

Meloxicam é um anti-inflamatório não esteroidal amplamente utilizado em cães para o alívio sintomático da inflamação e dor de intensidade leve a moderada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar aeficácia e segurança do meloxicam em cães adultos não politraumatizados que foram submetidos à operações ortopédicas. Foram avaliados 47 cães, operados na Unidade Hospitalar para Animais de Companhia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná , durante o período de seis meses. Estes cães receberam por via subcutânea, meloxicam na dose de 0,2 mg/kg de peso no dia do procedimento cirúrgico e, subsequente, a dose de 0,1 mg/kgpor via oral a cada 24 horas, por um período que variou de sete a 14 dias. A eficácia foi avaliada por escalas visuais numéricas de dor e de deambulação e questionário especialmente elaborado para este estudo. A segurança foi avaliada com base nos sinais clínicos e eventos adversos relatados. Os cães sem raça definida representaram a maior parte dos cães (40,42%) e a operação mais frequente foi osteossíntese em diáfise de osso longo (42,55%). A média de dias de tratamento com meloxicam foi de 9,11 dias, nenhum cão precisou de analgesia de resgate, 22dias foi o tempo médio para os cães recuperarem a funcionalidade do membro. Somente três animais apresentaram efeitos adversos decorrentes do uso do fármaco (vômito, epigastralgia e hiporexia), representando 6,38%. Conclui-se que a atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica do meloxicam, na posologia estudada, apresentou-se eficiente em situações pós-operatórias musculoesqueléticas com baixos índices de efeitos colaterais

Meloxicam is anonsteroidal anti-inflammatory widely used in dogs for the symptomatic relief of inflammation and pain mild to moderate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of meloxicam in adult dogs not polytrauma submitted orthopedic operations. Were evaluated 47 dogs, operated on Hospital for Small Animals at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná during the six-month period. These dogs received a subcutaneous dose of meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg on the day of surgery, and there after the dose of 0.1mg / kg or ally every 24 hours for a period ranging seven to 14 days. Efficacy was evaluated by visual numeric scales of pain and ambulation and questionnaire especially designed for this study. Safety was assessed based on clinical signs and reported adverse events. The animals no defined breed represented the majority of dogs(40.42%) and the most frequent operation was osteosynthesis in diaphyseal with simple fracture (42.55%). The average days of meloxicam treatment was 9.11 days, no dogs required rescue analgesia, 22 days was the averagetime for dogs recover the functionality of the member. Only three animals showed adverse effects of using the drug (vomiting, epigastric pain and hyporexia), representing 6.38%. It is concluded that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of meloxicam in dosage studied, presented efficient in musculoskeletal postoperative situations with low incidence of side effects

Comparison of two surgical techniques for creating an acute myocardial infarct in rats / Comparação de duas técnicas cirúrgicas para criar um infarto agudo do miocárdio em ratos

Objective: To perform a comparative assessment of two surgical techniques that are used creating an acute myocardial infarc by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery in order to generate rats with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%. Methods: The study was completely randomized and comprised 89 halothane-anaesthetised rats, which were divided into three groups. The control group (SHAM) comprised fourteen rats, whose left anterior descending coronary artery was not occluded. Group 1 (G1): comprised by 35 endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated rats, whose left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded. Group 2 (G2): comprised 40 rats being manually ventilated using a nasal respirator whose left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded. Other differences between the two techniques include the method of performing the thoracotomy and removing the pericardium in order to expose the heart, and the use of different methods and suture types for closing the thorax. Seven days after surgery, the cardiac function of all surviving rats was determined by echocardiography. Results: No rats SHAM group had progressed to death or had left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%. Nine of the 16 surviving G1 rats (56.3%) and six of the 20 surviving G2 rats (30%) had a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%. Conclusion: The results indicate a tendency of the technique used in G1 to be better than in G2. This improvement is probably due to the greater duration of the open thorax, which reduces the pressure over time from the surgeon, allowing occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery with higher accuracy. .

Objetivo: Realizar uma avaliação comparativa de duas técnicas cirúrgicas que são usadas para criar um infarto agudo do miocárdio pela oclusão da artéria coronária descendente anterior esquerda, a fim de gerar ratos com uma fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda inferior a 40%. Métodos: O estudo foi completamente randomizado e composto por 89 ratos anestesiados com halotano, que foram divididos dentro de três grupos. O grupo controle (SHAM) composto por 14 ratos, cuja artéria coronária descendente anterior esquerda não foi ocluída. Grupo 1 (G1): composto por 35 ratos intubados endotraquealmente e ventilados mecanicamente, cuja artéria coronária descendente anterior esquerda foi ocluída. Grupo 2 (G2): constituído por 40 ratos sendo ventilados manualmente utilizando um respirador nasal, cuja artéria coronária descendente anterior esquerda foi ocluída. Outras diferenças entre as duas técnicas incluem o método de realizar a toracotomia e remover o pericárdio, a fim de expor o coração, e o uso de diferentes métodos e tipos de sutura para fechar o tórax. Sete dias após a cirurgia, a função cardíaca de todos os ratos sobreviventes foi determinada por ecocardiografia. Resultados: Nenhum rato do grupo SHAM foi a óbito ou teve fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda menor que 40%. Nove dos 16 ratos sobreviventes do G1 (56,3%) e seis dos 20 ratos sobreviventes do G2 (30%) tiveram uma fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda inferior a 40%. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam uma tendência da técnica utilizada no G1 ser melhor do que a do G2. Esta melhora deve-se provavelmente à maior duração do tórax aberto, o que reduz a pressão de tempo sobre o cirurgião, permitindo uma oclusão da artéria coronária descendente anterior esquerda com maior acurácia. .

Comparison of two surgical techniques for creating an acute myocardial infarct in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a comparative assessment of two surgical techniques that are used creating an acute myocardial infarc by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery in order to generate rats with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%. METHODS: The study was completely randomized and comprised 89 halothane-anaesthetised rats, which were divided into three groups. The control group (SHAM) comprised fourteen rats, whose left anterior descending coronary artery was not occluded. Group 1 (G1): comprised by 35 endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated rats, whose left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded. Group 2 (G2): comprised 40 rats being manually ventilated using a nasal respirator whose left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded. Other differences between the two techniques include the method of performing the thoracotomy and removing the pericardium in order to expose the heart, and the use of different methods and suture types for closing the thorax. Seven days after surgery, the cardiac function of all surviving rats was determined by echocardiography. RESULTS: No rats SHAM group had progressed to death or had left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%. Nine of the 16 surviving G1 rats (56.3%) and six of the 20 surviving G2 rats (30%) had a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a tendency of the technique used in G1 to be better than in G2. This improvement is probably due to the greater duration of the open thorax, which reduces the pressure over time from the surgeon, allowing occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery with higher accuracy.

Acepromazina versus midazolam associado a cetamina/ xilazina/ butorfanol em coelhos / Acepromazine versus Midazolam associated to Ketamine/Xylazine/Butorphanol in Rabbits

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do midazolam com acepromazina associado com cetamina, xi¬lazina e butorfanol em coelhos submetidos a osteotomia femoral simples e osteossíntese experimental. Foram utilizados 22 coelhos, divididos em dois grupos de 11 animais. Os dois grupos receberam sulfato de atropina, por via intramuscular (IM), 10 minutos antes do protocolo estudado. Grupo (CXBA) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazina 0,1 mg/kg e Grupo (CXBM) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/ kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (IM), mantidos anestesiados por 60 minutos com associação de cetamina e xilazina quando necessário. Avaliou-se: padrão e freqüência respiratória (FR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (P AM), requerimento anestésico, relaxamento muscular e tempo para recuperação anestésica. Todos os grupos sofreram significativa depressão respiratória. No CXBM cinco coelhos apresentaram apneia respiratória. Não houve diferença significativa sobre FC e P AM entre os grupos, entretanto quatro coelhos do CXBA e um coelho do CXBM obtiveram P AM inferior á 60 mmHg. Não houve diferença significativa sobre o requerimento anestésico entre os grupos. Os dois protocolos proporcionaram um relaxamento muscular ade¬quado. O tempo para recuperação anestésica do CXBA foi de 55 minutos, enquanto que para o CXBM foi de 31 minutos. A acepromazina em dose mínima combinada com outros fármacos estudados produziu efeitos sedativos consideráveis com menor risco de apneia comparado ao midazolam, entretanto com maior tendência à hipotensão e maior tempo para recuperação anestésica

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam with acepromazine associated with ketamine, xylazine and butorphanol in rabbits submitted to the simple femoral osteotomy and experimental osteosynthese. Were used 22 rabbits, divided in two groups of 11. The two groups received atropine sulfate, by intramuscular road (IM), 10 minutes before the studied protocol. The group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/kg + butor¬phanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazine 0,1 mg/kg (KXBA) and the group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/ kg + butorphanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (KXBM), 1M, maintained anesthetized for 60 minutes with association of ketamine and xylazine when it was necessary. It was evaluated: pattern and breathing frequency (BF), heart frequency (HF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), anesthetic requirement, muscular relaxation and time for anesthetic recovery. All the groups admitted significant breathing depression. In the KXBM five rabbits pre¬sented breathing apnea. There was not significant difference on HF and MAP among the groups; however four rabbits of the KXBA and a rabbit of the KXBM obtained MAP lower than 60 mmHg. Also, there was not significant difference on the anesthetic requirement among the groups. The two protocols provided an appropriate muscular relaxation. The time for anesthetic recovery of the KXBA group was 55 min, while KXBM group was 31min. The acepromazine in minimum dose combined with other pharmacos studied, produced considerable sedative effects with smaller apnea risk compared to the midazolam, however there is a high tendency for hypotension and for time to recovery anesthetic

Acepromazina versus midazolam associado a cetamina/ xilazina/ butorfanol em coelhos / Acepromazine versus Midazolam associated to Ketamine/Xylazine/Butorphanol in Rabbits

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do midazolam com acepromazina associado com cetamina, xi¬lazina e butorfanol em coelhos submetidos a osteotomia femoral simples e osteossíntese experimental. Foram utilizados 22 coelhos, divididos em dois grupos de 11 animais. Os dois grupos receberam sulfato de atropina, por via intramuscular (IM), 10 minutos antes do protocolo estudado. Grupo (CXBA) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazina 0,1 mg/kg e Grupo (CXBM) cetamina 30 mg/kg + xilazina 5 mg/ kg + butorfanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (IM), mantidos anestesiados por 60 minutos com associação de cetamina e xilazina quando necessário. Avaliou-se: padrão e freqüência respiratória (FR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (P AM), requerimento anestésico, relaxamento muscular e tempo para recuperação anestésica. Todos os grupos sofreram significativa depressão respiratória. No CXBM cinco coelhos apresentaram apneia respiratória. Não houve diferença significativa sobre FC e P AM entre os grupos, entretanto quatro coelhos do CXBA e um coelho do CXBM obtiveram P AM inferior á 60 mmHg. Não houve diferença significativa sobre o requerimento anestésico entre os grupos. Os dois protocolos proporcionaram um relaxamento muscular ade¬quado. O tempo para recuperação anestésica do CXBA foi de 55 minutos, enquanto que para o CXBM foi de 31 minutos. A acepromazina em dose mínima combinada com outros fármacos estudados produziu efeitos sedativos consideráveis com menor risco de apneia comparado ao midazolam, entretanto com maior tendência à hipotensão e maior tempo para recuperação anestésica(AU)

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of midazolam with acepromazine associated with ketamine, xylazine and butorphanol in rabbits submitted to the simple femoral osteotomy and experimental osteosynthese. Were used 22 rabbits, divided in two groups of 11. The two groups received atropine sulfate, by intramuscular road (IM), 10 minutes before the studied protocol. The group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/kg + butor¬phanol 0,2 mg/kg + acepromazine 0,1 mg/kg (KXBA) and the group ketamine 30 mg/kg + xylazine 5 mg/ kg + butorphanol 0,2 mg/kg + midazolam 1 mg/kg (KXBM), 1M, maintained anesthetized for 60 minutes with association of ketamine and xylazine when it was necessary. It was evaluated: pattern and breathing frequency (BF), heart frequency (HF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), anesthetic requirement, muscular relaxation and time for anesthetic recovery. All the groups admitted significant breathing depression. In the KXBM five rabbits pre¬sented breathing apnea. There was not significant difference on HF and MAP among the groups; however four rabbits of the KXBA and a rabbit of the KXBM obtained MAP lower than 60 mmHg. Also, there was not significant difference on the anesthetic requirement among the groups. The two protocols provided an appropriate muscular relaxation. The time for anesthetic recovery of the KXBA group was 55 min, while KXBM group was 31min. The acepromazine in minimum dose combined with other pharmacos studied, produced considerable sedative effects with smaller apnea risk compared to the midazolam, however there is a high tendency for hypotension and for time to recovery anesthetic(AU)