Correlación entre eco-intensidad muscular y salto vertical en escolares / Correlation between Muscle Eco-Intensity and Vertical Jump in Schools

Objetivo: analizar las correlaciones entre la eco-intensidad (EI) del músculo cuádriceps medido por ecografía cuantitativa, y el salto vertical en niños en edad escolar. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal, comparativo y no aleatorio. Se utilizó una muestra intencional compuesta por 184 niños escolares, entre 7 y 10 años. Imágenes transversales fueron obtenidas del cuádriceps femoral derecho por ecografía para determinar la eco-intensidad del recto femoral o anterior, vasto intermedio o crural y vasto lateral o externo. La fuerza explosiva fue medida mediante las pruebas de Salto con contra-movimiento (CMJ) y saltos repetidos por quince segundos (RJ15). Resultados: La EI de los componentes evaluados del cuádriceps se correlacionan significativamente con las mediciones derivadas del salto vertical tipo CMJ y RJ15 en niños y niñas entre 7 y 10 años (PP15R vs Dif 1C, Dif 2C, Dif 3C, r= 0,53-0,59). (AU)

Objective: to analyze the correlations between the quadriceps muscle eco-intensity (IE) measured by quantitative ultrasound and the vertical jump in school-age children. Methodology: a cross-sectional, comparative and non-randomized study was carried out. An intentional sample composed of 184 school children, between 7 and 10 years old, was used. Transversal images of the right femoral quadriceps were obtained by ultrasound to determine the echo intensity of the rectus femoris or anterior, vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis. Explosive force was measured by with countermovement jump (CMJ) and repeated jumps for fifteen seconds (RJ15). Results: The EI of the evaluated components of the quadriceps correlates significantly with the measurements derived from the vertical jump type CMJ and RJ15 in boys and girls between 7 and 10 years (PP15R vs .Dif 1C, Dif 2C, Dif 3C, r= 0,53-0,59). (AU)

Probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in obesity and overweight: a systematic review.

Obesity and overweight are two of the most health challenges with an increasing prevalence in recent years, in which several complications have been identified to have a high impact in patients' health conditions. In this vein, an increasing interest in the gut microbiota has emerged as a target for therapeutic strategies in obesity and overweight due to its direct relation with the aforementioned health conditions and complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in the management of obesity and overweight. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was carried out in 6 databases until May 2019 to assess the use of probiotics in obesity and overweight patients. The Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of the clinical trials. Twenty-three clinical trials published between 2000 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. The role of probiotics in reducing body mass index and weight as well as changing the visceral abdominal fat area, waist and hip circumference were shown in 14 of 23 trials (60.87%); 14 trials (60.87%) showed changes on patients' fatty acids and biomarkers; and 4 trials (17.39%) studied the role of the gut microbiota in obese and overweight patients. Some probiotics strains are shown to be effective in reducing body mass index and hip circumference. This review provides evidence of successful results in weight loss using probiotic groups.

ACELT y PLAYERLOADTM: Dos variables para la cuantificación de la carga neuromuscular / ACELT and PLAYERLOADTM: Two Variables to Quantify Neuromuscular Load

Los objetivos de esta investigación son: (I) describir el comportamiento de las variables Player Load y AcelT y (II) cuantificar la carga neuromuscular en diferentes puntos anatómicos (espalda, centro de masas, rodilla y tobillo) durante un test incremental en rampa en tapiz rodante. Veintitrés jugadores semiprofesionales de fútbol varones participaron voluntariamente en este estudio (edad: 22,56 ± 4,8 años; masa corporal: 75,5 ± 5,5 kg; altura: 1,79 ± 0,5 m). Ambas variables se registraron empleando 4 dispositivos inerciales WIMU PRO(TM). Los principales resultados indican que: (1) existe una correlación casi perfecta entre ambas variables (r = 0,931), (2) los mayores valores en ambas variables se han encontrado en la rodilla (PL = 8,01 ± 2,76; AcelT = 2,70 ± 0,50) y el tobillo (PL = 7,85 ± 2,27; AcelT = 2,87 ± 0,49) y (3) existe una amplia variabilidad intersujeto. En conclusión, Player Load y AcelT son dos indicadores válidos para el análisis y cuantificación de las demandas neuromusculares

The objectives of this study were: (I) describe the dynamics of Player Load and AcelT and (II) analyze the neuromuscular load in different anatomical locations (scapulae, center of mass, knee and ankle) in an incremental test in treadmill. Twenty-three semiprofessional male football players participated voluntarily in this research (age: 22.56 ± 4.8 years; body mass: 75.5 ± 5.5 kg; height: 1.79 ± 0.5 m). Four WIMUPROTM inertial devices were utilized for recording both variables. The main results indicated that: (1) exists a nearly perfect relation between both variables (r > 0.931), (2) the highest values were in knee (PLRT = 8.01 ± 2.76; AcelT = 2.70 ±.50) and in ankle (PL = 7.85 ± 2.27; AcelT = 2.87±.49) and (3) a great variability was found between athletes. In conclusion, Player Load and AcelT are two valid variables to analyze and quantify neuromuscular demands

Demandas tácticas de juegos reducidos en fútbol: influencia de la tecnología utilizada / Tactical Demands of Small-Sided Games in Football: Influence of Tracking Technology

Este estudio analiza el comportamiento táctico en Juegos Reducidos (JRs) a través de las variables área y centroide en función de: (1) tecnología empleada: Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) y Ultra-Banda Ancha (UWB); (2) fase de juego (ataque y defensa); y (3) objetivo del JRs. Dieciséis jugadores semiprofesionales de fútbol participaron en esta investigación (Edad: 23.6±3.3 años; Peso: 78.1±5.2 kg; Altura: 1.8±0.1 metros). Para el registro se utilizaron dispositivos inerciales WIMU PROTM (RealTrack System, Almería, España). Los principales resultados muestran diferencias significativas: (1) entre tecnologías de seguimiento (GPS y UWB) en la variable área, (2) entre fases de juego, y (3) en función del objetivo de los JRs. En conclusión, los datos obtenidos por ambas tecnologías no pueden compararse debido a las diferencias encontradas, siendo muy importante el análisis en función del objetivo y la fase de juego de los JRs por su influencia en la disposición táctica para conseguir una mejora en el rendimiento deportivo

This article analyses the tactical behaviour in Small-Sided Games (SSGs) over the geometrical centre and surface area according to: (1) Tracking technology: Global Position System (GPS) and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB); (2) playing phase (attack vs defence) (3) Objective of SSG. Sixteen semiprofessional football players participated in this research (Age: 23.6±3.3 years old; Weight: 78.1±5.2 kg; Height: 1.8±0.1 meters). WIMU PROTM inertial devices (RealTrack System, Almeria, Spain) was used for recording process. The main results show significant differences: (1) between tracking technologies (GPS and UWB) in the surface area, (2) between playing phases; and (3) between all activities. In conclusion, the data obtained by both technologies cannot compare due to the found differences, being very important the analysis in relation to the objective and the playing phase of SSGs for their influence in the tactical behavior to achieve a sport performance enhancement

A comparison study of cleanup techniques for oil spill treatment using magnetic nanomaterials.

Magnetic nanoparticles have been successfully used to recovery oil from oil spilled on water. Two different methods, floating and vortex, were employed to promote the interaction of four oil samples with different API (e.g., 10, 20, 28 and 45) spilled on seawater and deionized water with three magnetic materials, namely: magnetite nanoparticles (N); magnetic nanocomposites of yeast biomass provided by ethanol industry (Y); and magnetic nanocomposites of cork powder (C). The magnetic nanomaterials exposed to oil on water were taking out by a neodymium magnet, and the oil recoveries were determined by gravimetric analysis before and after lyophilization. The lyophilization was determinant to guarantee the accuracy of the experiments, and without this step, the masses of oil recovered would be overestimated due to the drag of water during the oil and magnetic material removal process. Three main factors, API, contact method and magnetic material, and two interactions (i.e., API × contact method, and contact method × magnetic material) presented a statistically significant effect on oil recovery. It was observed that oil recovery increases as API decreases, and it was possible to establish a model to predict the amount of recovered oil according to this effect. Higher oil recoveries were also obtained by magnetic nanocomposites of yeast biomass (Y), regardless of the contact method and type of water, recoveries of 23% and 100% for 45 and 10 API, respectively, employing around 20 mg of Y on 300 mg of spilled oil. These percentages correspond to 0.29 ±â€¯0.01 kg/kg and 15.98 kg/kg of recovering oil by the magnetic procedure. The increase of mass of magnetic material improved the recovery of oils with higher APIs. The reusability of the spent materials presents potential for its application in oil spill cleaning technologies.

Are probiotic treatments useful on fibromyalgia syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome patients? A systematic review.

Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota might play an important role in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Our goal is to systematically review the reported effect of probiotic treatments in patients diagnosed with FMS or CFS. A systematic review was carried out using 14 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, and others) in February 2016 to search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pilot studies of CFS or FMS patient, published in the last ten years (from 2006 to 2016). The Jadad scale was used to asseverate the quality of the clinical trials considered. Two studies (n=83) met the inclusion criteria, which were performed in CFS patients and both studies were considered as a 'High range of quality score'. The administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in CFS patients, over the course of 8 weeks, reduced anxiety scores. Likewise, this probiotic changed the faecal composition following 8 weeks of treatment. Additionally, the treatment with Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in CFS patients, during the same period, reduced inflammatory biomarkers. The evidence about the usefulness of probiotics in CFS and FMS patients remains limited. The studied strains of probiotics have demonstrated a significant effect on modulating the anxiety and inflammatory processes in CFS patients. However, more experimental research, focusing mainly on the symptoms of the pathologies studied, is needed.

Evaluación físico matemática de la dinámica cardiaca arrítmica mediante la aplicación de la ley exponencial caótica / Physical mathematical evaluation of the arrhythmic cardiac dynamic by means of the application of the chaotic exponential law / Avaliação físico matemática da dinâmica cardíaca arrítmica mediante a aplicação da lei exponencial caótica

Objetivo: confirmar la aplicabilidad clínica de la ley exponencial de ayuda diagnóstica específicamente en arritmias y evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica del mismo con respecto al Gold Estándar, por medio del cálculo de la sensibilidad, especificidad y el coeficiente Kappa. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de 40 Holter, 10 corresponden a sujetos normales y 30 diagnosticados con diferentes tipos de arritmias. Se realizó una simulación teórica de todas las frecuencias cardiacas de mínimo 21 horas a partir de los valores máximos y mínimos de frecuencias registrados, para construir el atractor de la dinámica cardiaca. Seguidamente se calculó la dimensión fractal del atractor y se cuantificó la ocupación espacial de cada uno ellos en el espacio generalizado de Box-counting. Finalmente, se aplicaron los parámetros matemáticos que diferencian dinámicas cardiacas normales de enfermas y agudas, así como en evolución hacia la enfermedad. Resultados: los casos con arritmias diagnosticados matemáticamente con dinámica aguda fueron seis, se encontraron 24 casos entre los rangos de 73 y 200 de ocupación de la rejilla Kp, que corresponden a casos de evolución hacia agudización de la dinámica. El diagnóstico físico-matemático, después de ser comparado con el Gold Estándar, presentó una sensibilidad y especificidad del 100% y un coeficiente Kappa de uno. Conclusiones: la aplicación de esta metodología al estudio de la dinámica cardiaca caótica, evidencia su utilidad como herramienta de ayuda diagnóstica para la predicción y prevención de eventos arrítmicos agudos que pueden implicar situaciones con riesgo vital.

Objective: To confirm the clinical applicability of the diagnostic methodology based on the power law of cardiac dynamic systems, specifically for detecting arrhythmias, evaluating its concordance with respect to the Gold Standard, by means of the sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa coefficient. Methods: Forty Holter were studied, of which 10 corresponded to normal subjects and 30 to patients diagnosed with different types of arrhythmias. A theoretical simulation of all cardiac frequencies (of at least 21 hours) was performed from the maximum and minimum frequency values registered, to build the cardiac dynamics attractor and its fractal dimension was calculated; the spatial occupation of each one of them was quantified in the generalized Box-Counting space. Finally, the mathematical parameters to differentiate normality of acute cardiac disease and of the evolution toward disease were applied. Results: There were six cases with mathematically-diagnosed acute arrhythmias, 24 cases were between 73 and 200 occupied ranges for the Kp grid that correspond to cases of evolution toward disease. This physical-mathematical diagnosis was compared with the Gold Standard and yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and a Kappa coefficient of 1. Conclusions: The application of this method to the study of chaotic cardiac dynamics evidences its usefulness as a tool of diagnostic aid for the prediction of acute arrhythmic events which may imply situations of vital risk.

Objetivo: confirmar a aplicabilidade clínica da lei exponencial de ajuda diagnóstica especificamente em arritmias e avaliar a concordância diagnóstica do mesmo com respeito ao Gold Estándar, por meio do cálculo da sensibilidade, especificidade e o coeficiente Kappa. Metodologia: se realizou um estudo de 40 Holter, 10 correspondem a sujeitos normais e 30 diagnosticados com diferentes tipos de arritmias. Se realizou una simulação teórica de todas as frequências cardíacas de mínimo 21 horas a partir dos valores máximos e mínimos de frequências registrados, para construir o atractor da dinâmica cardíaca. Seguidamente se calculou a dimensão fractal do atractor e se quantificou a ocupação espacial de cada um deles no espaço generalizado de Box-counting. Finalmente, se aplicaram os parâmetros matemáticos que diferenciam dinâmicas cardíacas normais de doentes e agudas, assim como em evolução para a doença. Resultados: os casos com arritmias diagnosticados matematicamente com dinâmica aguda foram seis, se encontraram 24 casos entre as faixas de 73 e 200 de ocupação da grade Kp, que correspondem a casos de evolução para o agravamento da dinâmica. O diagnóstico físico-matemático, depois de ser comparado com o Gold Estándar, apresentou uma sensibilidade e especificidade de 100% e um coeficiente Kappa de um. Conclusões: a aplicação desta metodologia ao estudo da dinâmica cardíaca caótica, evidência sua utilidade como ferramenta de ajuda diagnóstica para a predição e prevenção de eventos arrítmicos agudos que possam implicar situações com risco vital.

5-HT(2A) and mGlu2 receptor binding levels are related to differences in impulsive behavior in the Roman Low- (RLA) and High- (RHA) avoidance rat strains.

The Roman Low- and High-Avoidance rat strains (RLA-I vs RHA-I) have been bidirectionally selected and bred according to their performance in the two-way active avoidance response in the shuttle-box test. Numerous studies have reported a pronounced divergence in emotionality between the two rat strains including differences in novelty seeking, anxiety, stress coping, and susceptibility to addictive substances. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms behind these divergent phenotypes are not known. Here, we determined impulsivity using the 5-choice serial reaction time task and levels of serotonin transporter (SERT), 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(1A) receptor binding using highly specific radioligands ((3)H-escitalopram, (3)H-MDL100907 and (3)H-WAY100635) and mGlu2/3 receptor binding ((3)H-LY341495) using receptor autoradiography in fronto-cortical sections from RLA-I (n=8) and RHA-I (n=8) male rats. In the more impulsive RHA-I rats, 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(1A) and SERT binding in the frontal cortex was significantly higher compared to RLA-I rats. In contrast, mGlu2/3 receptor binding was decreased by 40% in RHA-I rats compared to RLA-I rats. To differentiate between mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor protein levels, these were further studied using western blotting, which showed non-detectable levels of mGlu2 receptor protein in RHA rats, while no differences were observed for mGlu3 receptor protein levels. Collectively, these data show general congenital differences in the serotonergic system and a pronounced difference in mGlu2 receptor protein levels. We suggest that the differences in the serotonergic system may mediate some of the phenotypic characteristics in this strain such as hyper-impulsivity and susceptibility to drug addiction.