Retrospective Analysis of the Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Placement and Replacement of Percutaneous Nephrostomy Catheters in Patients with Malignant Ureteral Obstruction.

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is usually adopted to prevent urinary tract infection (UTI) after nephrostomy catheter placement and replacement. This prophylaxis has been little studied in cancer patients, and its efficacy is uncertain. Objective: To determine the rate of UTI associated with percutaneous nephrostomy catheters placement and replacement and associated risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study collected data from the available medical records. Catheter-related UTI was defined as any diagnosis of UTI based on clinical symptoms recorded in antibiotic prescription charts, and on the results of urine culture collected up to 7 days after percutaneous nephrostomy catheter. The associations between categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. The risk factors for UTI were assessed using logistic regression. Results: In the univariate analyses, there was no significant difference in the rate of urinary infection between patients receiving and not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis before percutaneous nephrostomy and after replacement. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for managing urinary tract obstruction by percutaneous nephrostomy is not recommended in cancer patients. In contrast, for catheter replacement, antibiotic prophylaxis appears to have a protective effect for UTI.

Avaliação por imagem das lesões císticas congênitas das vias biliares / Imaging evaluation of congenital cystic lesions of the biliary tract

Utilizando a classificação dos cistos congênitos de colédoco, imagens de vários tipos de cistos foram selecionadas para compor um ensaio iconográfico sobre esta doença pouco frequente na prática clínica, mas que faz parte do diagnóstico diferencial das lesões mais comuns da via biliar. Os cistos de colédoco possuem clínica inespecífica e baixa prevalência. O diagnóstico correto por meio dos exames de imagem é uma ferramenta importante para evitar as complicações e auxiliar na conduta e tratamento definitivo.

Based on the classification of congenital choledochal cysts, images of different cyst types were selected to compose a pictorial essay about this disease, which is not frequently observed in the medical practice, but is included in the differential diagnosis of most common lesions of the biliary tract. Choledochal cysts present nonspecific symptoms and low prevalence. The correct diagnosis based on imaging findings is mandatory to avoid complications, and to aid in the approach and definite treatment.