Salivary biomarkers present in patients with periodontitis without clinical distinction: findings from a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A new classification for periodontitis has been adopted in clinical practice. However, there are still discussions regarding this new classification and difficulties in its adoption, both by professionals and researchers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate which salivary biomarkers are present in periodontitis, following the new classification of periodontal diseases through meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was carried out in the scientific databases: PubMed, Scielo and Google scholar to select studies. The selection of studies was followed by two authors upon reading of the title, abstract and full text. The necessary data were collected and statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager statistical software version 5.4, with calculation of Mean Difference, heterogeneity (I²) and funnel plot with P < 0.05. RESULTS: After following the selection criteria, 9 articles were selected for comparison. The studies address the presence of biomarkers in the saliva of patients with periodontitis and their possible use in the monitoring and diagnosis of the disease. For the meta-analytic comparison, a sample size of 1,983 individuals was used. Statistical analyses showed that nitric oxide, IL-6, IL-1B and osteoprotegerin are substances that are significantly present in patients with periodontitis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IL-6, nitric oxide, IL-1B, TNF-α and osteoprotegerin are among the most present biomarkers in patients with periodontitis, and may be used in the future as a monitoring of periodontal disease. The present study also revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of these biomarkers for clinical distinction from periodontitis.

Plano amostral para cálculo de densidade larvária de Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus no Estado de Säo Paulo, Brasil / Sampling study for larval density computation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil

O programa de Controle de Vetores de Febre Amarela e Dengue, desenvolvido pela Superintendência de Controle de Endemias do Estado de Säo Paulo, Brasil, prevê a realizaçäo de pesquisa para avaliaçäo da densidade larvária de Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus em edificaçöes de municípios com infestaçäo domiciliar. Descreve-se o plano amostral que vem sendo aplicado, desde outubro de 1987, nos municípios da Regiäo de Presidente Prudente. Para acompanhamento da densidade está sendo utilizado o índice de Breteau. Säo sorteados, nos municípios infestados, mensalmente e de forma independente, amostras de edificaçöes para obtençäo das estimativas do Indice. O plano amostral prevê a seleçäo de conglomerados em 2 estágios: quadras e edificaçöes. O tamanho da amostra foi definido estimando-se o coeficiente da correlaçäo intraconglomerado e variância relativa por elemento através de pesquisas realizadas anteriormente em municípios do Serviço Regional de Säo José do Rio Preto. O plano propöe que os valores relativos ao tamanho da amostra sejam atualizados periodicamente em funçäo dos valores obtidos para o estimador do Indice de Breteau e sua variância, em meses anteriores