Ultrasound improves antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium on purple cabbage.

The consumer's interest in ready-to-eat, fast-ready, nutritious and fresh foods is a major challenge for the food industry. Thus, studies on new sanitization methods are relevant. The effect of Sodium Hypochlorite (SH), Benzalkonium Chloride (BC), and Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (SD) isolated or combined with Ultrasound (US) in purple cabbage quality over 7 days of storage at 8 ±â€¯1 °C was evaluated. The natural microbiota (mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms), intentionally inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium, physicochemical quality (anthocyanins, pH, total titratable acidity, instrumental color and mass loss) and sensorial quality (multiple comparison test and visual sensory acceptance) were analyzed. The best treatments for natural microbiota reduction were BC and US + BC, which in general reduced between 1.9 and 3.2 log cfu/g. US improved (p < .05) the effect of SD reducing almost 4 log cycles in the population of S. Typhimurium adhered to cabbage. The treatments with benzalkonium chloride resulted in important physicochemical changes in cabbage. The treatments SD and US + SD did not alter the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of purple cabbage. Therefore, ultrasound combined with sodium dichloroisocyanurate is a promising alternative for the reduction of microbiological contaminants of purple cabbage without physicochemical, sensory and anthocyanin content loss.

Conformidade de leite cru refrigerado de unidades de produção familiares do sul do Espírito Santo / Conformity of refrigerated raw milk from family production units of southern Espírito Santo

Dairy farming is an important activity in Brazil and Espírito Santo state, with small properties accounting for 80% of production. Despite of this economic importance, data about quality of the milk produced and the hygienic-sanitary conditions are still scarce. Then, the objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of refrigerated raw milk produced in family production units in southern Espírito Santo to verify compliance with Brazilian legal standards. Three collections were carried out in 29 community expansion tanks, for a total of 87 samples of refrigerated raw milk. Analysis of standard plate count (SPC), psychrotrophic bacteria count (PBC), somatic cell count (SCC), titratable acidity, density, fat, total dry extract (TDE), non-fat dry extract (NFDE), residues of antibiotics (β-lactam and tetracycline), cadmium and lead levels were performed. Of the 87 samples, 66% presented non-standard values for SPC, and 38% had non-standard values for SCC. Eighty five percent of the samples presented non-standard results for NFDE, 10.3% for density and 2.3% for titratable acidity. All samples complied with the legislation regarding residues of antibiotics, Cd and Pb levels. These results indicated failures in the raw milk obtainment and storage chain from family production units of southern Espírito Santo, Brazil.(AU)

A pecuária de leite é uma atividade importante no Brasil e no Espírito Santo, sendo as pequenas propriedades responsáveis por 80% da produção estadual. Mesmo com essa importância econômica para o estado, dados a respeito da qualidade do leite produzido e das condições higiênico-sanitárias de produção, ainda são escassos. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do leite produzido em unidades de produção familiares, no sul do Espírito Santo, para verificar o atendimento aos padrões legais. Foram realizadas três coletas em 29 tanques comunitários totalizando 87 amostras. Realizaram-se análises de contagem padrão em placa (CPP), contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas (CBP), contagem de células somáticas (CCS), acidez titulável, densidade, gordura, extrato seco total (EST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), pesquisa de resíduos de antibióticos (β-lactâmicos e tetraciclina) e presença de cádmio e chumbo. Das 87 amostras, 66% apresentaram valores fora do padrão para CPP e 38% para CCS. Quanto às análises físico-químicas, 85% das amostras apresentaram resultados fora do padrão para ESD, 10,3% para densidade e 2,3% para acidez titulável. Todas as amostras atenderam a legislação quanto a presença de resíduos de antibióticos, teores de cádmio e chumbo. Dessa forma, esses resultados indicam falhas em uma ou mais etapas da cadeia de obtenção e armazenamento do leite cru.(AU)

Conformidade de leite cru refrigerado de unidades de produção familiares do sul do Espírito Santo / Conformity of refrigerated raw milk from family production units of southern Espírito Santo

Dairy farming is an important activity in Brazil and Espírito Santo state, with small properties accounting for 80% of production. Despite of this economic importance, data about quality of the milk produced and the hygienic-sanitary conditions are still scarce. Then, the objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of refrigerated raw milk produced in family production units in southern Espírito Santo to verify compliance with Brazilian legal standards. Three collections were carried out in 29 community expansion tanks, for a total of 87 samples of refrigerated raw milk. Analysis of standard plate count (SPC), psychrotrophic bacteria count (PBC), somatic cell count (SCC), titratable acidity, density, fat, total dry extract (TDE), non-fat dry extract (NFDE), residues of antibiotics (β-lactam and tetracycline), cadmium and lead levels were performed. Of the 87 samples, 66% presented non-standard values for SPC, and 38% had non-standard values for SCC. Eighty five percent of the samples presented non-standard results for NFDE, 10.3% for density and 2.3% for titratable acidity. All samples complied with the legislation regarding residues of antibiotics, Cd and Pb levels. These results indicated failures in the raw milk obtainment and storage chain from family production units of southern Espírito Santo, Brazil.

A pecuária de leite é uma atividade importante no Brasil e no Espírito Santo, sendo as pequenas propriedades responsáveis por 80% da produção estadual. Mesmo com essa importância econômica para o estado, dados a respeito da qualidade do leite produzido e das condições higiênico-sanitárias de produção, ainda são escassos. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do leite produzido em unidades de produção familiares, no sul do Espírito Santo, para verificar o atendimento aos padrões legais. Foram realizadas três coletas em 29 tanques comunitários totalizando 87 amostras. Realizaram-se análises de contagem padrão em placa (CPP), contagem de bactérias psicrotróficas (CBP), contagem de células somáticas (CCS), acidez titulável, densidade, gordura, extrato seco total (EST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), pesquisa de resíduos de antibióticos (β-lactâmicos e tetraciclina) e presença de cádmio e chumbo. Das 87 amostras, 66% apresentaram valores fora do padrão para CPP e 38% para CCS. Quanto às análises físico-químicas, 85% das amostras apresentaram resultados fora do padrão para ESD, 10,3% para densidade e 2,3% para acidez titulável. Todas as amostras atenderam a legislação quanto a presença de resíduos de antibióticos, teores de cádmio e chumbo. Dessa forma, esses resultados indicam falhas em uma ou mais etapas da cadeia de obtenção e armazenamento do leite cru.

Ultrasound improves chemical reduction of natural contaminant microbiota and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica on strawberries.

New sanitization methods have been evaluated to improve food safety and food quality and to replace chlorine compounds. However, these new methods can lead to physicochemical and sensory changes in fruits and vegetables. The present study evaluated the effects of acetic acid, peracetic acid, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate isolated or combined with 5min of ultrasound treatment (40kHz, 500W) on strawberry quality over 9days of storage at 8°C. The strawberry natural contaminant microbiota (molds and yeasts, mesophilic aerobic and lactic acid bacteria), physicochemical quality (pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, vitamin C, and color), sensory quality (triangle test) and inactivation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica intentionally inoculated onto strawberries were analyzed. Ultrasound increased the effect of all chemical compounds in the reduction of aerobic mesophilic, molds and yeasts. The best treatment for those groups of microorganisms was ultrasound combined with peracetic acid (US+PA) that reduced 1.8 and 2.0logcfu/g during 9days of storage. Bactericidal effect of peracetic acid was also improved by ultrasound inactivation of S. enterica, reaching a decimal reduction of 2.1logcfu/g. Moreover, synergistic effects were observed in contaminant natural microbiota inactivation for all tested compounds during storage, without any major physicochemical or sensory alteration to the strawberries. Therefore, ultrasound treatment can improve the effect of sanitizers that are substitutes of chlorine compounds without altering the quality of strawberries during storage. Acetic acid (PubChem CID: 176); Peracetic acid (PubChem CID: 6585); Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (PubChem CID: 18372154).

Avaliaçäo sensorial e mapa de preferência interno de marcas comerciais de refrigerantes sabor guaraná / Sensory evaluation and internal preferences mapping of guaraná flavored commercial soft drinks

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar sensorialmente sete marcas de refrigerantes sabor guaraná, senso seis produzidas por pequenas empresas e ma por empresa líder de mercado. A Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) foi utilizada para descrever e quantificar os atributos sensoriais das amostras. A aceitabilidade sensorial das marcas de refrigerante foi determinada mediante escala hedônica e os resultados avaliados pela Análise de Componentes Princiapis, Mapa de Preferência Interno e ANOVA. A maioria dos consumidores preferiu o refrigerante da marca líder de mercado, que apresentou os atributos sabor e aroma característico em maior intensidade e sabor e aroma tutti-frutti em menor intensidade.