Avaliação de atividade fungitóxica e isolamento de aloaromadendrano - 4α, 10 ß - diol em Hypericum cordatum / Evaluation of the fungitoxic activity and isolation of alloaromadendrene - 4α, 10 ß - diol in Hypericum cordatum

RESUMO Hypericum cordatum é uma espécie do cerrado que foi selecionada em triagem de plantas com atividade fungitóxica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi isolar e identificar compostos com atividade antifúngica em extratos de folhas em diclorometano. O pó das folhas das plantas foi submetido à extração exaustiva com éter de petróleo e diclorometano. O extrato em diclorometano, e as frações ativas, foram submetidos à fracionamentos biomonitorados em coluna de Sephadex LH-20, respectivamente, com os eluentes clorofórmio:metanol (1:1) e com um gradiente de hexano:diclorometano (1:4); diclorometano:acetona (3:2 e 1:4), metanol, e água. As frações que mostraram atividade foram submetidas à cromatografia em camada delgada preparativa de sílica gel GF254, sendo que o material de maior massa foi analisado em CLAE semipreparativa. A fração ativa foi analisada por RMN de 1H, tendo sido identificado o aloaromadendrano - 4α -10ß - diol como componente principal da fração. Conclui-se, portanto, que este é um dos compostos responsáveis pela atividade fungitóxica de Hypericum cordatum.

The Hypericum cordatum is a species of the Brazilian Cerrado that was selected in a screening of plants with fungitoxic activities. The aim of this work was to isolate and identify the compounds with antifungal activity in leaf extracts in dichloromethane. For this end, the powder made from the leaves of the plants was submitted to exhaustive extraction with petroleum ether and dichloromethane. The extract in dichloromethane and the active fractions were submitted to bioassay-guided fractionation in Sephadex LH - 20 column, respectively, with the following eluents chloroform:methanol (1:1) and a gradient of hexane:dichlorometane (1:4); dichloromethane:acetone (3:3 and 1:4), methanol and water. Afterward, the fractions that showed some activity were submitted to preparative thin layer chromatography of silica gel GF254 and the material with the greatest mass was submitted to semi-preparative HPLC. The active fraction obtained was analyzed by 1H NMR, and the main component identified was alloaromadendrene-4α-10ß - diol. We may then conclude that this is one of the compounds responsible for the fungitoxic activity of Hypericum cordatum.

Variation of the Oviposition Preferences of Aedes aegypti in Function of Substratum and Humidity

Two Aedes aegypti (L.) populations were studied in the laboratory regarding the preference for three types of breeding sites, i.e., flasks containing only water, flasks with a plant and flasks with a stick. Each of these breeding units was placed in one cage and the choice of the oviposition sites was determined for individual females and three females per experimental unit at two humidity levels. Preference for ovipositing on the water surface was observed and varied according to experimental unit and humidity. Mean hatching of eggs in water surface was 46.6 percent. Experiments with three females showed a more marked difference than when only one female was used. Inter and intrapopulation variability regarding oviposition sites was observed. The discrimination between the different oviposition substrates, hatching in water surface and its implication for mosquito control are discussed