RESUMEN
Advances in chromosome dynamics have increased our understanding of the significant role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer. Telomerase is expressed in almost all cancer cells but is inactive in most normal somatic cells. Therefore, telomerase is an important target for the design of therapeutic agents that might have minimal side effects. Herein, we evaluate current approaches to telomerase/telomere-targeted therapy, discuss the benefits and disadvantages, and speculate on the future direction of telomerase inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Interferencia de ARN , Telomerasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Telómero , División Celular/fisiología , Senescencia Celular/fisiología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Predicción , G-Cuádruplex , Terapia Genética/métodos , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/fisiología , Neoplasias/enzimología , Neoplasias/genética , Oligonucleótidos/uso terapéutico , Oligonucleótidos Antisentido/uso terapéutico , ARN , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN , ARN Catalítico/uso terapéutico , ARN Largo no Codificante , ARN no Traducido/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/uso terapéutico , Telomerasa/metabolismo , Telomerasa/fisiología , Telómero/química , Telómero/genética , Telómero/inmunología , Proteína 1 de Unión a Repeticiones Teloméricas/fisiología , Proteína 2 de Unión a Repeticiones Teloméricas/fisiología , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
Thirty-five Staphylococcus aureus strains from auricular infections were isolated. The identification of strains was confirmed by Api ID 32 Staph strips, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using ATB Staph kit. PCR assay was used to detect the oxacillin resistance gene (mecA) and the erythromycin genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and mef). The susceptibility profile of all strains revealed a low resistance level to oxacillin and erythromycin. The PCR results show that 60 % of the strains are mecA positive. The frequency of erythromycin genes was: ermA (+) 22.8 %, ermB (+) 45.7, ermC (+) 17.1, msrA (+) 28.6. The mef gene was not detected in any strain. No correlations between genotypic and phenotypic methods for the determination of oxacillin and erythromycin resistance was found. However, multiplex PCR technique was shown to be a fast, practical and economic technique for the detection of methicillin-and erythromycin-resistant staphylococci.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Pabellón Auricular/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Eritromicina/farmacología , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Metiltransferasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Oxacilina/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión a las Penicilinas , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genéticaRESUMEN
Paternity is based on biological analyzes that have drastically developed during the past 20 years. According to scientific developments, paternity testing was based on red blood groups studies, the analysis of red cell enzymes and plasma proteins polymorphisms, the typing of the HLA antigens, and the DNA polymorphism in its various forms. This study aims at comparing two analyses: red blood groups and DNA polymorphism. The performance of each test is analyzed in this report, based on a study of 142 cases. Indeed, the numbers of case of paternity exclusion are respectively 6 and 45 by the classic method and the genetic one. Thanks to studies based on the gene amplification of microsatellites, the efficiency of this reference technique has been proved, however, the classic one makes it possible in the cases of exclusion to lead to a certain decision without recourse to other systems. Of these facts, beyond the most efficient biological analysis, it is very important to think about paternity testing as a process in which biological tests are only one step.
Asunto(s)
Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/genética , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Dermatoglifia del ADN/métodos , Antígenos HLA/genética , Paternidad , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/genética , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Electroforesis Capilar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Núcleo Familiar , Polimorfismo Genético , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
In seawater, enteric bacteria evolve toward a stressed state that is difficult to identify because of major alterations of their phenotype. In this study, we incubated four reference strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in seawater microcosms for 10 months and studied the modifications of their main phenotypic characters. All of the strains lost some key characters used for traditional identification of the Salmonella genus. They became able to produce acetoin, and tryptophane deaminase activity became positive, but they lost the capacity to use rhamnose. We were able to show some modifications of the level of enzymatic profile as well as in their antibiotic susceptibility. The atypical cells of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods using the internal transcribed spacer region, and they were confirmed by multiplex PCR after the simultaneous amplification of the phoP, Hin, and H-li genes.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Salmonella typhimurium/clasificación , Salmonella typhimurium/fisiología , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Adaptación Fisiológica , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Ecosistema , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fenotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genéticaRESUMEN
Vibrio alginolyticus was isolated from the internal organs of diseased gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) cultured in two fish farms located on the Tunisian Mediterranean coast, from 2003 to 2005. After phenotypic characterisation, a selection of 34 isolates from gilthead sea bream and sea bass were molecularly typed by repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) showing a high polymorphism among the isolated strains (19 genotypes). Most of the isolates were resistant to atleast two antimicrobial agents. All the tested strains were resistant to ampicillin. However, 91.17% were resistant to nitrofurantoin and 35.29% to tetracycline. Several strains isolated from diseased gilthead sea bream and sea bass were tested for virulence in both fish species by intraperitoneal injection. The selected isolates (n=7) were pathogenic for gilthead sea bream and sea bass. LD(50) values ranged from 5.01 x 10(4) to 6.20 x 10(7)CFU/fish. This is the first report on characterisation and virulence of V. alginolyticus for sea bass and sea bream in Tunisia.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Lubina/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Dorada/microbiología , Vibriosis/veterinaria , Vibrio alginolyticus , Animales , Acuicultura , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/veterinaria , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Túnez/epidemiología , Vibriosis/epidemiología , Vibriosis/microbiología , Vibrio alginolyticus/efectos de los fármacos , Vibrio alginolyticus/genética , Vibrio alginolyticus/aislamiento & purificación , Vibrio alginolyticus/patogenicidad , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Staphylococcus epidermidis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, is a major cause of infections associated with indwelling medical devices. Certain strains produce slime and form biofilm on polymer surfaces, where their pathogenicity is associated with biofilm formation. In this report, we investigated the presence or absence of the intercellular adhesion icaA and icaD genes by polymerase chain reaction, and phenotypic biofilm production was examined by qualitative Congo red agar (CRA) assay. A total of 32 strains of S. epidermidis were identified from dialysates and needles 4h after the initiation of dialysis. Qualitative biofilm production revealed that 16 (50%) strains produced slime on CRA plates. Among the 23 strains positive for the ica operon, 15 were biofilm positive on CRA, eight were biofilm negative, and one was icaA and icaD negative but produced slime. These results show that the ability of S. epidermidis to produce slime is not associated with the presence of icaA and icaD genes.