The influence of tolfenpyrad on fitness, development, and reproduction in parents and offspring of Coccinella septempunctata.

Coccinella septempunctata (ladybird) is one of the foremost natural predators that feed on aphids. Thus, C. septempunctata serves as an effective biological control agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. To supplement the activity of biological control agents, IPM programs often incorporate chemical pesticides to bolster crop protection. To evaluate the effects of a potent insecticide, tolfenpyrad, on C. septempunctata, we tested the sublethal effects of tolfenpyrad on all developmental stages of the life cycle of C. septempunctata and its effects on the next generation. For sublethal testing of the parent generation, the LR50 of tolfenpyrad for C. septempunctata was determined to range from 1.04 to 8.43 g a.i. /hm2 within a set exposure period, while the hazard quotient (HQ) values were above our threshold value of 2 during the entire observation period. These data indicated a potential toxicity risk from tolfenpyrad exposure. The no observed effect application rates (NOERs) of tolfenpyrad on parents (F0) were determined for survival (0.485 g a.i. /hm2), developmental time of pupation (0.242 g a.i. /hm2), and fecundity (0.485 g a.i. /hm2). Application of sublethal doses to unexposed progeny (F1) of exposed parents, prolonged the L1 (1st instar of larvae) and L2 (2nd instar of larvae) stage, while the total longevity, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (γ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T) were significantly reduced. These results demonstrated the negative influence of sublethal concentrations of tolfenpyrad on C. septempunctata and its persistent effects on subsequent generations.

Research on Evaluating Method of Location of Dyeing Materials for Color Contact Lenses / 中国医疗器械杂志

Combining frozen section and scanning electron microscopy experiments to observe the cross section and surface state of the samples, this study finds an effective method to evaluate the location of dyeing materials of color contact lenses. Sixty samples were evaluated on their dyeing location statistically using this method. The results showed that there were only 7 lots of samples with their dyeing materials within their product. This method is effective in evaluating the location of dyeing materials for color contact lenses.

Determination of Residual Organic Solvents in Bromfenac Sodium by Headspace Gas Chromatography / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a headspace capillary GC method for the determination of residual solvents in bromfenac sodi-um. Methods:A headspace GC was used to separate the residual solvents on an HP-5 capillary column with an FID detector. The car-rier gas was nitrogen at the flow rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 . The temperature of the injector was 200 ℃ and that of the FID was 250 ℃. The programmed column temperature was set as follows:maintained at 40℃ for 10 min, and then raised to 150℃ at the rate of 30℃·min-1 and maintained for 5 min. The containers of headspace injector were in equilibrium at 100 ℃ for 20 min. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the solvent. The amount of the residual solvents, such as methylbenzene, isopropanol, dichloromethane, methanol and iso-propyl ether was calculated by an external standard method. Results:All the solvents could be completely separated with good linear relationship. The average recovery of the five solvents was 98. 9%( RSD =2. 01%),99. 2% ( RSD =1. 95%),99. 6% ( RSD =1. 65%),100. 5%(RSD=1. 38%)and 100. 8%(RSD=1. 36%)(n=9),respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple and accu-rate in the determination of the five residual solvents in bromfenac sodium.