[Impacts of different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval on testicular function and antisperm antibodies in azoospermia patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval on the levels of serum inhibin B (INHB), antisperm antibodies (AsAb), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T) in patients with azoospermia. METHODS: We randomly assigned 210 azoospermia patients to receive testicular sperm extraction (TESE, n = 50), testicular sperm aspiration (TESA, n = 56), testicular fine needle aspiration (TEFNA, n = 64), or microscopic TESE (micro-TESE, n = 40). We measured the levels of serum INHB, FSH, and T and the positive rate of AsAb before and at 1 and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline, the levels of serum FSH at 1 and 3 months after surgery showed no statistically significant differences in the TESE (ï¼»8.51 ± 4.34ï¼½ vs ï¼»8.76 ± 3.07ï¼½ and ï¼»7.24 ± 3.32ï¼½ IU/L, P >0.05), TESA (ï¼»7.70 ± 2.72ï¼½ vs ï¼»7.90 ± 4.57ï¼½ and ï¼»8.04 ± 3.65ï¼½ IU/L, P >0.05), TEFNA (ï¼»6.04 ± 3.17ï¼½ vs ï¼»6.08 ± 2.70ï¼½ and ï¼»6.10 ± 3.32ï¼½ IU/L, P >0.05), or micro-TESE group (ï¼»6.59 ± 2.74ï¼½ vs ï¼»6.89 ± 1.78ï¼½ and ï¼»6.75 ± 2.57ï¼½ IU/L, P >0.05); the positive rate of AsAb (IgM) was significantly increased at 1 month in the TESE (0.00 vs 14.00%, P <0.05) and micro-TESE groups (2.50% vs 15.00%, P <0.05), while the serum T level markedly decreased in the two groups (ï¼»16.52 ± 6.25ï¼½ vs ï¼»9.25 ± 5.76ï¼½ nmol/L and ï¼»14.16 ± 5.45ï¼½ vs ï¼»8.23 ± 4.12ï¼½ nmol/L, P <0.05); the levels of serum INHB were remarkably reduced at 1 and 3 months in the TESE (ï¼»70.56 ± 23.17ï¼½ vs ï¼»42.63 ± 15.34ï¼½ and ï¼»44.05 ± 18.47ï¼½ pg/ml, P <0.05), TESA (ï¼»68.71 ± 14.74ï¼½ vs ï¼»40.55 ± 20.51ï¼½ and ï¼»42.11 ± 19.34ï¼½ pg/ml, P <0.05), TEFNA (ï¼»76.81 ± 27.04ï¼½ vs ï¼»46.31 ± 19.28ï¼½ and ï¼»48.32 ± 20.54ï¼½ pg/ml, P <0.05), and micro-TESE groups (ï¼»74.74 ± 28.35ï¼½ vs ï¼»45.27 ± 18.83ï¼½ and ï¼»47.64 ± 28.34ï¼½ pg/ml, P <0.05), but with no statistically significant differences among the four groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval have different impacts on the testicular function and AsAb in patients with azoospermia.

[Degradation of the Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Compound Quinoline by O3/UV].

The influences of various factors including initial concentration of quionline solution, static duration after reaction, initial pH, HCO3-on the degradation of quinoline by O3/UV were analyzed in this study. In addition, the degradation mechanism and pathways were also analyzed. The results showed that reaction rate constants and removal rate of quinoline decreased with the increase of the initial concentration of quinoline. The best degradation efficiency of quinoline was achieved under the alkaline conditions (pH 7-9). Removal rate of quinoline was obviously influenced by HCO3-, and was reduced by 42.01% within 6 min when the concentration of HCO3- was 100 mg·L-1. There was neglected effect of static duration after reaction on the removal rate and mineralization rate of quinolone. The intermediate products of quinoline were mainly 8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-hydroxyquinoline, 2(1H)-quinoline ketone, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and so on. The main degradation pathways of quinoline in the O3/UV system were addition reaction, substitution reaction and electrophilic substitution mediated by O3 and·OH.