A 3D evaluation of the upper airways and sagittal craniofacial pattern: are these two parameters associated?

Numerous studies have been published aiming to investigate the relationship between sagittal craniofacial pattern and the dimensions of upper airway, but with controversial results. The aim of the study is to verify if an association exists between a specific sagittal cranio-facial pattern and smaller dimensions of upper airway, leading so to a possible risk indicator for OSAS development. Ninety-nine cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCT) were selected from adult patients (48 males, 51 females, age range 18- 65 years). Patients were divided into 3 groups, with 33 patients each, according to their skeletal class (I: 13; III: ANB<1). The CBCT data were imported into Simplant O&O software as Dicom files. Borders for the oropharynx and for the hypopharynx of which the volumes were calculated, and the total length (L) were defined. Finally, the average cross-sectional area (a-CSA) was defined as the ratio between total volume and total length for each patient. All data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Software. A significant difference was found between groups for oropharynx, hypopharynx, and total volume, with Class II having smaller airway dimensions. In a gender-based comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between female and male patients of the same group, and between the same gender in different groups. Regarding the total length and the a-CSA, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. These results indicate that class II and female patients have smaller dimensions of upper airway leading to a possible risk indicator for OSAS development.

Short implants and platelet-rich fibrin for transcrestal sinus floor elevation: a prospective multicenter clinical study.

INTRODUCTION: Inadequacy of residual bone height due to sinus pneumatization and alveolar bone remodeling could jeopardize the option for implant supported rehabilitation in posterior atrophied maxillae. AIM: The aim of this prospective, multi-centric clinical study is to investigate and assess the survival rate of short implants in single posterior maxillae atrophied sites with adjacent natural teeth, when augmented with leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) alone using a minimally invasive trans-crestal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four short implants were installed in 53 patients with residual bone height (RBH) <4mm using piezoelectric ultrasonic guided sinus elevation by transcrestal approach. Six perforations of the sinus membrane occurred (11.3% perforation rate), out of which five were managed by using just L-PRF as grafting material. Postoperatively, the implants were clinically evaluated for survival rate. The cumulative implant survival rate was 93.3% at the end of first year of follow-up. Considering 2 dropouts by the end of 2nd year follow-up, and no further implant loss, the cumulative survival rate remained 93.3% up to 5 years follow-up period. DISCUSSION: The use of L-PRF plug as grafting and careful preparation of osteotomy site with piezoelectric ultrasonic device could allow for simultaneous crestal sinus floor elevation and short implant installation in posterior atrophied maxillae with RBH <4mm, extending the indications for implant rehabilitation.

Charge breeding simulations for radioactive ion beam production.

The charge breeding technique is used for radioactive ion beam (RIB) production in order of optimizing the re-acceleration of the radioactive element ions produced by a primary beam in a thick target. Charge breeding is achieved by means of a device capable of increasing the ion charge state from 1+ to a desired value n+. In order to get high intensity RIB, experiments with charge breeding of very high efficiency could be required. To reach this goal, the charge breeding simulation could help to optimize the high charge state production efficiency by finding more proper parameters for the radioactive 1+ ions. In this paper a device based on an electron beam ion source (EBIS) is considered. In order to study that problem, a code already developed for studying the ion selective containment in an EBIS with RF quadrupoles, BRICTEST, has been modified to simulate the ion charge state breeding rate for different 1+ ion injection conditions. Particularly, the charge breeding simulations for an EBIS with a hollow electron beam have been studied.