RESUMEN
Umbilical cord blood contains undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with chondrogenic potential that may be used for the repair of joint damage. The role of growth factors during the process of chondrogenesis is still not entirely understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the formation of chondrocytes, cartilaginous matrix and type II collagen from human umbilical cord blood stem cells exposed to two different growth factors, BMP-6 and BMP-2, while being cultured as a micromass or a monolayer. Umbilical cord blood was obtained from full-term deliveries, and then, mononuclear cells were separated and cultured for expansion. Afterward, these cells were evaluated by flow cytometry using antibodies specific for MSCs and induced to chondrogenic differentiation in micromass and monolayer cultures supplemented with BMP-2 and BMP-6. Cellular phenotype was evaluated after 7, 14 and 21 days by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis to identify the type II collagen and aggrecan. The expanded cells displayed surface antigens characteristic of mesenchymal progenitor cells and were negative for hematopoietic differentiation antigens. Type II collagen and aggrecan mRNAs were expressed from day 14 in cells stimulated with BMP-2 or BMP-6. Type II collagen was demonstrated by Western blotting in both groups, and the greatest expression was observed 21 days after the cells were stimulated with BMP-2 cultured in micromass. BMP-2 in micromass culture was more efficient to induce the chondrogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/farmacología , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 6/farmacología , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Condrogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Agrecanos/genética , Agrecanos/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Condrogénesis/fisiología , Colágeno Tipo II/genética , Colágeno Tipo II/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Sangre Fetal/citología , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Humanos , Anciano , Analgésicos , Antiinflamatorios , Ejercicio Físico , Terapia por Ejercicio , Osteoartritis , Enfermedades ReumáticasRESUMEN
Psychosis and swelling of the face and hands are rarely observed in adult polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). We describe a 21-year-old woman who presented with fever, livedo reticularis, tender subcutaneous nodules and arthritis. These manifestations did not respond to prednisone, but remitted when the drug was tapered. She had had psychosis since the age of 16 years. During the flares of the disease she presented with facial, periorbital and hand swelling. This finding is rarely observed in adult PAN. Arteriography showed multiple small aneurysms, of the mesenteric vessels consistent with a diagnosis of PAN. Our report discusses the diagnosis of PAN and emphasises the uncommon presentation of this case.