MFC-based biosensor for domestic wastewater COD assessment in constructed wetlands.

In the context of natural-based wastewater treatment technologies (such as constructed wetlands - CW) the use of a low-cost, continuous-like biosensor tool for the assessment of operational conditions is of key importance for plant management optimization. The objective of the present study was to assess the potential use of constructed wetland microbial fuel cells (CW-MFC) as a domestic wastewater COD assessment tool. For the purpose of this work four lab-scale CW-MFCs were set up and fed with pre-settled domestic wastewater at different COD concentrations. Under laboratory conditions two different anodic materials were tested (graphite rods and gravel). Furthermore, a pilot-plant based experiment was also conducted to confirm the findings previously recorded for lab-scale experiments. Results showed that in spite of the low coulombic efficiencies recorded, either gravel or graphite-based anodes were suitable for the purposes of domestic wastewater COD assessment. Significant linear relationships could be stablished between inlet COD concentrations and CW-MFC Ecell whenever contact time was above 10 h. Results also showed that the accuracy of the CW-MFC was greatly compromised after several weeks of operation. Pilot experiments showed that CW-MFC presents a good bio-indication response between week 3 and 7 of operation (equivalent to an accumulated organic loading between 100 and 200 g COD/m2, respectively). Main conclusion of this work is that of CW-MFC could be used as an "alarm-tool" for qualitative continuous influent water quality assessment rather than a precise COD assessment tool due to a loss of precision after several weeks of operation.

Detección de metástasis extracraneal de glioblastoma multiforme mediante PET/TC cerebral con 11C-metionina / Extracranial metastasis of multiforme glioblastoma detected by 11C-methionine brain PET/CT

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Micosis fungoide foliculotropa. Análisis y evolución de 6 casos / Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides. Analysis and outcomes of six cases

La micosis fungoide foliculotropa (MFF) es considerada una variante rara de micosis fungoide con mala respuesta a la terapéutica, pronóstico severo y sobrevida más corta . Incluye casos con y sin mucinosis folicular (Mf) MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Analisis de 6 casos de MFF que consultaron en la División Dermatología desde junio de 1994 a junio del 2010 incluyó el estudio clínico, histopatológico, e inmunohistoquímico, respuesta terapeútica y evolución de los mismos. Las biopsias de tres de los seis casos estudiados exhibieron Mf y en otros tres este aspecto estuvo ausente. OBJETIVO: Comunicar nuestros hallazgos, considerando para estimar la sobrevida, el período previo al diagnóstico de MF, a través de un nuevo examen de las biopsias previas. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra población: a) Esta forma de MF ofreció dificultades diagnósticas presentando aspectos clínicos inusuales y hallazgos microscópicos inespecíficos. b) El estadio previo de Mf o los hallazgos microscópicos inespecíficos pudo ser muy prolongado, hasta surgir los criterios diagnósticos de MF (2 a 11 años). c) Los tapones córneos foliculares tuvieron respuesta total al bexarotene. Placas y máculas respondieron temporalmente a la fototerapia. La eritrodermia persistió después de dos años de tratamiento con IFNα 2b y bexarotene oral. d) Aunque la muestra es pequeña, estos datos parecen aseverar el peor pronóstico a 10 años de esta variante si no se consideran los años previos a la confirmación del diagnóstico de MF. La sobrevida a 5 años fue 75% (3/4), y a 10 años 25% (1/4) . Teniendo en cuenta la etapa previa de MF no diagnosticada por otros observadores, la severidad se atenúa 100% de sobrevida a 5 años, y 60% a 10 años. Ninguno experimentó regresión espontánea de las lesiones durante el tiempo de observación

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is considered a rare variant of mycosis fungoides with a bad response to therapy, severe prognosis and shorter over-life. It includes cases with and without follicular mucinosis MATERIAL AND METHOD: We report the retrospective analysis of clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects, therapeutic responses and follow-up of six cases of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides studied in the Department of Dermatology from May 1994 to June 2010. Three of them exhibited follicular mucinosis in cutaneous biopsies and other three failed to reveil this finding. OBJECTIVE: To report our findings taking into account the years previous to diagnosis of MF (by re-examination of previous biopsies) in order to stimate the ove rlife. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In this population: a) This variant of MF was very difficult to be diagnosed presenting unusual clinical lesions and unspecific microscopic patterns. b) Previous stage of primary follicular mucinosis or unspecific microscopic findings could be quite long (2 to 11 years) until MF criteria were fulfilled. c) Comedo-like lesions had a good response to bexarotene. Therapeutic responses of plaques and macules to phototherapy and systemic α2bIFNwere partial and brief. d) Although the significance was limited by the small number of the sample ,these data seems to assess the worser prognosis to ten years of this variant if the years previous to confirmation of MF diagnosis were not considered: The over life at 5 years was 75%(3/4), at 10 years 25% (1/4). Taking into account the period of undiagnosed MF the severity was atempered: overlife100% at 5 years (6/6), 60% at 10 years (4/6). Nobody experimentedthe spontaneous remission of the lesions during the time of observation

Melanoma de vulva. Una localización poco frecuente / Vulvar melanoma. An unusual location

El melanoma es el segundo cáncer invasor más frecuente en la vulva, con mal pronóstico, tendencia a la recurrencia local y una sobrevida entre un 16 a 50%.Material y métodos: Presentamos 7 pacientes con melanoma de vulva asistidos en el Sector de Dermato-Oncología del Hospital Ramos Mejía en el transcurso de 17 años, evaluamos sus características y los comparamos con la bibliografía internacional. Resultados: La incidencia de nuestra población fue de 1,3% con una edad promedio de 61 años, similar a la bibliografía consultada. De éstos 7 melanomas, el 72% se originó sobre piel sana y el 28% sobre nevo previo, 61% y 39% respectivamente para la bibliografía mundial. Estos melanomas se localizaron principalmente en labio mayor (72%), mientras que los de la bibliografía lo hicieron en la zona periclitoidea (30%). En nuestras pacientes la forma clínica más frecuente fue el Melanoma Extensivo Superficial (57%) y en la bibliografía el Melanoma Léntigo Maligno (43-57%). El pronóstico es malo, con una sobrevida a 5 años del 28% en nuestras pacientes y de 27-59% en la bibliografía consultada. En cuanto al tratamiento, la tendencia actual es realizar procedimientos menos radicales y más individualizados. Comentarios: Las características del melanoma de vulva indican que su comportamiento no difiere significativamente del melanoma cutáneo, aunque su diagnóstico más tardío conlleva a un peor pronóstico (AU)

Melanoma is the second most common invasive cancer of the vulva, with a poor prognosis, a tendency for local recurrence and survival between 16 to 50%.Methods:We present 7 patients with vulvar melanoma seen at the Dermatology Sector of Oncology, Hospital Ramos Mejía in the course of 17 years, we evaluate and compare their characteristics with the international literature. Results: The incidence in our population was 1.3% with an average age of 61 years, similar to the literature. Of these 7 melanomas, 72% originated on normal skin and preexisting nevi 28%, 61% and 39% respectively for the world literature. These melanomas were located mainly on labia majora (72%), while those in the literature were in the periclitoidea area (30%). In our patients the most common were Superficial Spreading Melanoma(57%) and in literature Mucosal Lentiginous Melanoma (43-57%). The prognosis is poor in both reviews, with a 5-year survival of 28% in our patients and 27-59% in the literature. For treatment, the current trend is to perform a less radical and more individualized. Conclusions: The features of vulvar melanoma indicate that their behavior does not differ significantly from cutaneous melanoma, although its latediagnosis leads to a worse prognosis (AU)

Parálisis del VI par craneal e hipotensión intracraneal espontánea / Paralysis of the couple VI cranial and hipotensión intracraneal spontaneous

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[The value of genetic and neuroimaging studies in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease]. / Utilidad de los estudios geneticos y de neuroimagen en el diagnostico diferencial de la enfermedad de Parkinson.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria. Today there are genetic and neuroimaging tests that can make a valuable contribution to the study of this disease. AIMS: To review the recent advances in genetic studies and in neuroimaging techniques applied to PD, as well as looking at their shortcomings, and to analyse the reasons for conducting such tests and to discuss their importance in everyday clinical practice, including a series of reflections on ethical issues. DEVELOPMENT: The list of genetic disorders associated with PD is continually being extended and reviewed, and pathological alterations have been defined in at least 10 genes. The most frequent mutations in our setting are to be found in the parkin gene (PARK2) and in the LRKK2 gene (PARK8). These mutations have a penetrance that is not very high and their clinical expression is variable. Images obtained by nuclear resonance, single-photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography or by cranial sonography provide data that can help in the diagnosis of PD and to differentiate it from other diseases. None of the techniques is wholly specific, however, and there are clinico-radiological disagreements. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of mutations does not allow a clear prognostic differentiation or a distinct therapeutic attitude to be established. The value of neuroimaging techniques in very early phases and in dubious cases is still not altogether clear. Whether establishing a diagnosis in very early phases currently offers the patient any benefits is subject to debate. It would be advisable to attempt to distinguish between tests that are carried out for clinical reasons and those which are conducted for research purposes so as to be able to proceed in the most suitable manner.

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy: report of two new cases.

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is a cutaneous inflammatory follicular disorder of unknown etiology. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical and histopathologic features. We describe two patients who had recurrent episodes of pruritic follicular papular and pustular lesions on the face, extremities, and trunk. The eruptions lasted for 1 month with intermittent remissions. Laboratory tests disclosed no infectious or parasitic etiology in patient 2. In patient 1 we isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a blood culture. He had sepsis with lung and liver involvement. EPF is a self-limited dermatosis. On occasion, skin lesions may become superinfected, resulting in localized pyoderma or rarely systemic infection (sepsis). Histologically both of our patients showed a moderate mixed inflammatory infiltrate with numerous eosinophils centered around hair follicles. Their lesions responded well to topical corticosteroids.

Tatuaje accidental / Accidental tatoo

Se presenta una paciente de 36 años de edad con un tatuaje accidental por incrustación de pintura en la cara, secundario a un accidente automovilístico hace 20 años. Se realiza una revisión del tema,desde sus orígenes, implicancias culturales, técnicas utilizadas, clasificación, complicaciones y métodos de remoción.

Tatuaje accidental / Accidental tatoo

Se presenta una paciente de 36 años de edad con un tatuaje accidental por incrustación de pintura en la cara, secundario a un accidente automovilístico hace 20 años. Se realiza una revisión del tema,desde sus orígenes, implicancias culturales, técnicas utilizadas, clasificación, complicaciones y métodos de remoción. (AU)