Developing Global Leaders for Research, Regulation, and Stewardship of Crop Protection Chemistry in the 21st Century.

To provide sufficient food and fiber to the increasing global population, the technologies associated with crop protection are growing ever more sophisticated but, at the same time, societal expectations for the safe use of crop protection chemistry tools are also increasing. The goal of this perspective is to highlight the key issues that face future leaders in crop protection, based on presentations made during a symposium titled "Developing Global Leaders for Research, Regulation and Stewardship of Crop Protection Chemistry in the 21st Century", held in conjunction with the IUPAC 13th International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry in San Francisco, CA, USA, during August 2014. The presentations highlighted the fact that leaders in crop protection must have a good basic scientific training and understand new and evolving technologies, are aware of the needs of both developed and developing countries, and have good communication skills. Concern is expressed over the apparent lack of resources to meet these needs, and ideas are put forward to remedy these deficiencies.

Sedaxane, Isopyrazam and Solatenol™: Novel Broad-spectrum Fungicides Inhibiting Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) - Synthesis Challenges and Biological Aspects.

Sedaxane (SDX) 1, isopyrazam (IZM) 2 and Solatenol™ (STL) 3 are broad-spectrum pyrazole carboxamides, which originate from novel chemical classes of fungicides. Their mode of action (MoA) is inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), which was recognized for a long time to deliver only compounds with a narrow biological spectrum. This view changed with the market introduction of BASF's boscalid in 2003. All major agro-companies subsequently worked in parallel on this MoA successfully and recently introduced new compounds to the market. Syngenta entered the SDHI area in 1998 and was able to introduce three complementary compounds to the market between 2010 and 2012. In this short review some synthesis challenges and biological effects of SDX 1, IZM 2 and STL 3 will be covered. New cost-efficient synthesis strategies for the preparation of o-biscyclopropyl-aniline, new benzonorbornene intermediates and the key pyrazole carboxylic acid intermediate which is essential for all three Syngenta SDHIs, will be in the focus of this review.

Sedaxane, Isopyrazam and Solatenol™: Novel Broad-spectrum Fungicides Inhibiting Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) - Synthesis Challenges and Biological Aspects.

Sedaxane (SDX) 1, isopyrazam (IZM) 2 and Solatenol™ (STL) 3 are broad-spectrum pyrazole carboxamides, which originate from novel chemical classes of fungicides. Their mode of action (MoA) is inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), which was recognized for a long time to deliver only compounds with a narrow biological spectrum. This view changed with the market introduction of BASF's boscalid in 2003. All major agro-companies subsequently worked in parallel on this MoA successfully and recently introduced new compounds to the market. Syngenta entered the SDHI area in 1998 and was able to introduce three complementary compounds to the market between 2010 and 2012. In this short review some synthesis challenges and biological effects of SDX 1, IZM 2 and STL 3 will be covered. New cost-efficient synthesis strategies for the preparation of o-biscyclopropyl-aniline, new benzonorbornene intermediates and the key pyrazole carboxylic acid intermediate which is essential for all three Syngenta SDHIs, will be in the focus of this review.

A convergent approach toward the C1-C11 subunit of phoslactomycins and formal synthesis of phoslactomycin B.

The preparation of the C1-C11 subunit of phoslactomycins, and a formal synthesis of phoslactomycin B, were achieved by a convergent strategy involving the chelation-controlled addition of an alkynyl Grignard reagent to an alpha-alkoxy ketone. Catalytic enantioselective reductions of acetylenic ketones and a [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement were utilized as key steps to control the configuration of the C4, C5, and C9 stereocenters.

S-(3-Chloro-2-oxo-propyl)-O-ethyl xanthate: a linchpin radical coupling agent for the synthesis of heterocyclic and polycyclic compounds.

The preparation and use of S-(3-chloro-2-oxo-propyl)-O-ethyl xanthate to directly introduce an alpha-chloroketone motif is described, along with applications for the synthesis of heterocyclic and polycyclic structures.