RESUMEN
We have cloned and sequenced the L1 and L2 genes from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA-containing cervical cytology samples collected from the U.K. and Trinidad. Samples containing high copy numbers of HPV16 DNA were selected as being likely to contain fully functional virus DNA molecules in an episomal state, rather than in an integrated and possibly altered state. In comparison with the previously published sequence of HPV16 isolated from an invasive cancer a variety of differences were detected in both L1 and L2. The pattern of changes appears to be different in samples from the two geographic regions. One of the differences (resulting in D at position 202 of the L1 protein) reported recently to be functionally important for virus particle assembly was found to occur in all the samples examined. Variations in L1 found within known immunoreactive regions or hydrophobic domains should be taken into account in design of prophylactic vaccines for HPV16 based on virus-like particles. All variations within L2 protein were found in hydrophilic domains in the carboxy-terminal half of L2. These positions were highly variable among other types of papillomavirus and are located outside the known L2 immunoreactive region.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Cápside , Cápside/genética , Variación Genética/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Aminoácidos/análisis , Cápside/química , Clonación Molecular , Secuencia de Consenso/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Genes Virales , Humanos , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/química , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Mutación Puntual/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Trinidad y Tobago , Reino Unido , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virologíaRESUMEN
We have cloned and sequenced the L1 and L2 genes from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA-containing cervical cytology samples collected from the U.K. and Trinidad. Samples containing high copy numbers of HPV16 DNA were selected as being likely to contain fully functional virus DNA molecules in an episomal state, rather than in an integrated and possibly altered state. In comparison with the perviously published sequence of HPV16 isolated from an invasive cancer a variety of differences were detected in both L1 and L2. The pattern of changes appears to be different in samples from the two geographic regions. One of the differences (resulting in D at position 202 of the L1 protein) reported recently to be functionally important for virus particle assembly was found to occur in all the samples examined. Variations in L1 found within known immunoreactive regions or hydrophobic domains should be taken into account in design of prophylactic vaccines for HPV16 based on virus-like particles. All variations within L2 protein were found in hydrophilic domains in the carboxy-terminal half of L2. These positions were highly variable among other types of papillomavirus and are located outside the known L2 immunoreactive region. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Cápside/genética , Alphapapillomavirus/genética , /microbiología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/microbiología , Variación Genética/genética , Aminoácidos/análisis , Cápside/síntesis química , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/microbiología , Clonación Molecular , Secuencia de Consenso/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Virales , Reino Unido , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/síntesis química , /genética , Mutación Puntual/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Trinidad y TobagoRESUMEN
A controlled study of 20 children with asthma who participated in a 4-month running program (30 min/day, 3 days/wk), using inhalation of a beta-2 stimulant prior to each running session to prevent exercise-induced asthma, showed significant increases in work tolerance (120.5 +/- 45.0 W before, 131.5 +/- 43.5 W after, P = 0.002) and cardiopulmonary fitness (peak oxygen consumption 37.6 +/- 8.6 ml/kg/min before, 43.1 +/- 10.5 ml/kg/min after, P less than 0.001). Asthma severity judged by daily asthma diary scores and twice daily peak flows did not change. Thirteen control patients with asthma did not exercise and demonstrated no change in work tolerance, fitness, or severity of asthma. Thus, children with asthma can safely engage in a running program and can increase work tolerance and fitness without worsening their asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma Inducida por Ejercicio/fisiopatología , Asma/fisiopatología , Resistencia Física , Adolescente , Asma Inducida por Ejercicio/tratamiento farmacológico , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Oxígeno , Resistencia Física/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Six healthy men were fed a formula diet with and without oat bran and a natural food diet typical of rural Guatemala. No significant difference in dye transit time was found between diets but the Guatemalan diet significantly decreased dye retention time and increased stool frequency. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels showed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Excretion of fecal bile acids significantly increased on the Guatemalan and oat bran diets, but fecal bile acid concentration was significantly lower only on the Guatemalan diet. Urinary urobilinogen excretion and fecal urobilinogen concentration were significantly lower with the Guatemalan diet.