RESUMEN
Background: Soil animal communities include more than 40 higher-order taxa, representing over 23% of all described species. These animals have a wide range of feeding sources and contribute to several important soil functions and ecosystem services. Although many studies have assessed macroinvertebrate communities in Brazil, few of them have been published in journals and even fewer have made the data openly available for consultation and further use. As part of ongoing efforts to synthesise the global soil macrofauna communities and to increase the amount of openly-accessible data in GBIF and other repositories related to soil biodiversity, the present paper provides links to 29 soil macroinvertebrate datasets covering 42 soil fauna taxa, collected in various land-use systems in Brazil. A total of 83,085 georeferenced occurrences of these taxa are presented, based on quantitative estimates performed using a standardised sampling method commonly adopted worldwide to collect soil macrofauna populations, i.e. the TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme) protocol. This consists of digging soil monoliths of 25 x 25 cm area, with handsorting of the macroinvertebrates visible to the naked eye from the surface litter and from within the soil, typically in the upper 0-20 cm layer (but sometimes shallower, i.e. top 0-10 cm or deeper to 0-40 cm, depending on the site). The land-use systems included anthropogenic sites managed with agricultural systems (e.g. pastures, annual and perennial crops, agroforestry), as well as planted forests and native vegetation located mostly in the southern Brazilian State of Paraná (96 sites), with a few additional sites in the neighbouring states of São Paulo (21 sites) and Santa Catarina (five sites). Important metadata on soil properties, particularly soil chemical parameters (mainly pH, C, P, Ca, K, Mg, Al contents, exchangeable acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Base Saturation and, infrequently, total N), particle size distribution (mainly % sand, silt and clay) and, infrequently, soil moisture and bulk density, as well as on human management practices (land use and vegetation cover) are provided. These data will be particularly useful for those interested in estimating land-use change impacts on soil biodiversity and its implications for below-ground foodwebs, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service delivery. New information: Quantitative estimates are provided for 42 soil animal taxa, for two biodiversity hotspots: the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Data are provided at the individual monolith level, representing sampling events ranging from February 2001 up to September 2016 in 122 sampling sites and over 1800 samples, for a total of 83,085 ocurrences.
RESUMEN
Bananas and plantains are major commodity/food crops that represent an important habitat for earthworms, although so far, no review is available on earthworm communities associated with banana/plantain crops worldwide. The Vale do Ribeira region is among the largest banana producing areas in Brazil, but little is known of the earthworms living there. Hence, the present study assessed earthworm populations and species in three banana plantations and adjacent Atlantic forest fragments along the Ribeira de Iguape River using standard (hand sorting) methodologies. Furthermore, we review earthworm populations reported in banana/plantain plantations worldwide. Only two species (Pontoscolex corethrurus, Amynthas gracilis) belonging to two families (Rhinodrilidae, Megascolecidae) were found in the Ribeira River valley, occurring concurrently. Abundance was low (< 13 indiv. m-2) compared with other banana plantations worldwide, that frequently surpassed 100 indiv. m-2. More than 70 studies reported earthworms from >200 banana plantations in 28 countries, and mean species richness was 2.7 per site, ranging from 1 to 10 species. Exotics predominated in most sites and P. corethrurus was the most prevalent species encountered. Overall, more than 104 species from 10 families were reported, with around 61 native and 43 exotic widespread species, mainly of the Megascolecidae, Lumbricidae and Acanthodrilidae families. Richness was highest in India (27 spp.) and the Canary Islands (25 spp.), but native species dominated only in a few countries and sites, while exotics were prevalent especially in island countries and Brazil. Lower-input practices appear to be important for earthworm communities and banana plantations can have large earthworm populations in some cases, which may be contributing to soil processes and plant production, topics that deserve further attention. However, many important banana-producing countries have not yet been evaluated, so further work is warranted, both in terms of applied ecology and biodiversity.
RESUMEN
O conhecimento da demanda e partição nutricional durante o ciclo pode contribuir significativamente para o manejo adequado da cultura. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar o acúmulo de massa, taxas de absorção e particionamento dos micronutrientes ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), boro (B), zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu), além do alumínio (Al), no tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), utilizando uma variedade amplamente cultivada no sul do Brasil. O trabalho foi conduzido em propriedade particular produtora de tabaco localizada no município de Irati, PR, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os tratamentos se constituíram de dez épocas de coleta de plantas, em intervalos de 15 dias. Foram avaliados a massa de matéria seca, conteúdo e taxas de acúmulo diárias dos micronutrientes e Al no caule e folhas da planta. Verificou-se que o máximo acúmulo de matéria seca foi próximo aos 68 dias, após o transplantio (DAT), e o pico de acúmulo para a maioria dos micronutrientes ocorreu a partir dos 105 DAT. A ordem de acúmulo de micronutrientes para o tabaco foi Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu com os valores máximos obtidos aos 105, 135, 135, 135 e 110 DAT, respectivamente, onde mais de 60% dos micronutrientes absorvidos foram depositados nas folhas. O acúmulo de Al foi de 36 kg ha-1, com 98,2% depositado nas folhas.(AU)
Despite the historical and consolidated cultivation of tobacco in Brazil, knowledge of the demand and nutritional partition during the cycle can contribute significantly to the proper management of the crop. The objective of this study was to determine mass accumulation, absorption rates and partitioning of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), using a widely cultivated variety in southern Brazil. This study was conducted on a tobacco property located in the municipality of Irati, PR, with a randomized block design with three replicates. The treatments consisted of ten plant collection periods at intervals of 15 days. Dry matter mass, content and daily accumulation rates of micronutrients and Al in the stem and leaves of the plant were evaluated. It was verified that the maximum accumulation of dry matter mass was close to 68 days after transplanting (DAT), and the peak of accumulation for most micronutrients occurred from 105 DAT. The order of micronutrient accumulation for tobacco was Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu, with maximum values obtained at 105, 135,135, 135 and 110 DAT, respectively, where more than 60% of the absorbed micronutrients were deposited on the leaves. The accumulation of Al was 36 kg ha-1, with 98.2% deposited on sheets.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Nicotiana/química , Absorción , Micronutrientes/análisis , Aluminio/análisisRESUMEN
O conhecimento da demanda e partição nutricional durante o ciclo pode contribuir significativamente para o manejo adequado da cultura. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar o acúmulo de massa, taxas de absorção e particionamento dos micronutrientes ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), boro (B), zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu), além do alumínio (Al), no tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), utilizando uma variedade amplamente cultivada no sul do Brasil. O trabalho foi conduzido em propriedade particular produtora de tabaco localizada no município de Irati, PR, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os tratamentos se constituíram de dez épocas de coleta de plantas, em intervalos de 15 dias. Foram avaliados a massa de matéria seca, conteúdo e taxas de acúmulo diárias dos micronutrientes e Al no caule e folhas da planta. Verificou-se que o máximo acúmulo de matéria seca foi próximo aos 68 dias, após o transplantio (DAT), e o pico de acúmulo para a maioria dos micronutrientes ocorreu a partir dos 105 DAT. A ordem de acúmulo de micronutrientes para o tabaco foi Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu com os valores máximos obtidos aos 105, 135, 135, 135 e 110 DAT, respectivamente, onde mais de 60% dos micronutrientes absorvidos foram depositados nas folhas. O acúmulo de Al foi de 36 kg ha-1, com 98,2% depositado nas folhas.
Despite the historical and consolidated cultivation of tobacco in Brazil, knowledge of the demand and nutritional partition during the cycle can contribute significantly to the proper management of the crop. The objective of this study was to determine mass accumulation, absorption rates and partitioning of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), using a widely cultivated variety in southern Brazil. This study was conducted on a tobacco property located in the municipality of Irati, PR, with a randomized block design with three replicates. The treatments consisted of ten plant collection periods at intervals of 15 days. Dry matter mass, content and daily accumulation rates of micronutrients and Al in the stem and leaves of the plant were evaluated. It was verified that the maximum accumulation of dry matter mass was close to 68 days after transplanting (DAT), and the peak of accumulation for most micronutrients occurred from 105 DAT. The order of micronutrient accumulation for tobacco was Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu, with maximum values obtained at 105, 135,135, 135 and 110 DAT, respectively, where more than 60% of the absorbed micronutrients were deposited on the leaves. The accumulation of Al was 36 kg ha-1, with 98.2% deposited on sheets.