Lyophilized typhoid vaccine for intradermal use.

The prophylaxis of typhoid fever in Romania is usually achieved with fluid heat-killed phenolized vaccine. However the shelf life of this vaccine is only two years. The long term storage of an intradermal typhoid vaccine is made possible by lyophilization. A heat-inactivated bacterial suspension with a high concentration of organisms, at least 25 X 10(9) cells per ml, was freeze-dried at a temperature not higher than 30 degrees C. The final vaccine obtained had a residual moisture content of not more than 5%. Active and passive protection tests in mice, specific agglutinin production in humans and rabbits, the innocuity and the toxicity for mice, and the investigation of post-vaccinal adverse reactions in man, showed that the lyophilized typhoid vaccine could be stored at 4 degrees C for at least five years without loss of potency. Consequently, the vaccine may be stored without risk of deterioration for rapid emergency mass immunization with Jet-injector apparatus.

[Determination of the take efficiency of lyophilized smallpox vaccine as a function of the vaccination technic (double scarification, multi-puncture and jet injection)]. / Determinarea eficientei de prindere a vaccinului antivariolic liofilizat în functie de tehnica de vaccinare (Scarificare dubla, multipunctura, injectare prin jet).

Revaccination against smallpox was performed by three techniques: double scarification, multiple puncture and jet injection in 352 youths aged 16 and 17 years. The results were assessed by the number of takes, the quality of the cutaneous and humoral response. The highest proportion of major skin reactions was obtained by multiple puncture vaccination (62.4%) and the best humoral response, tested by passive haemagglutination, by jet revaccination. Multiple puncture is recommended as a method of election both in restricted and mass vaccination in view of the high proportion of major skin rections accompanied by a corresponding humoral response, the rapid and readily performed technique and small amount of vaccine needed.

[Clinical syndrome of convulsive cough of adenoviral etiology in a children's collective]. / Sindrom clinic de tuse convulsiva cu etiologie adenovirala într-o colectivitate de copii

Bacteriological, viral and serological investigators were carried out in a community with 100 prescholar children (Kindergarden), 34 of whom presented a clinical syndrome of whooping cough, in order to establish the bacteriologic or viral etiology of the syndrome. The etiologic role of organisms of the Bordetella, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis was invalidated by the bacteriologic and serological tests. Viral and serological tests, performed to demonstrate the participation of viral agents in the causation of this clinical syndrome, established an adenoviral diagnosis in 13 (43.3%) of the 30 children. Adenovirus type 6 was isolated and there was a significant increase in the titers of antibodies to adenoviruses.