Therapeutic potential and pharmacological mechanism of visnagin.

Visnagin is a furanochromone and one of the most important compound in the Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam (a synonym of Visnaga daucoides Gaertn.) plant, which is used to cure various ailments. Many investigations into the bioactive properties of visnagin have been studied to date. The literature on visnagin demonstrates its biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and beneficial effects in cardiovascular and renal diseases. Moreover, visnagin improves sperm quality parameters, stimulates steroidogenesis, and increases serum gonadotropins and testosterone levels, while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative damage, genomic instability, and it modulates apoptosis. Thus, visnagin has emerged as an exciting lead for further research, owing to its potential in various unmet clinical needs. The current review summarized its basic structure, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological effects, focusing on its mechanisms of action. The review will help to understand the potential of visnagin as an alternative treatment strategy for several diseases and provide insight into research topics that need further exploration for visnagin's safe clinical use. Please cite this article as: Yadav P, Singh SK, Datta S, Verma S, Verma A, Rakshit A, Bali A, Bhatti JS, Khurana A, Navik U. Therapeutic potential and pharmacological mechanism of visnagin. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(4): 399-412.

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Signaling & Molecular Perspectives, and the Road Ahead.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a lethal congenital heart disease (CHD) affecting 8-25 per 100,000 neonates globally. Clinical interventions, primarily surgical, have improved the life expectancy of the affected subjects substantially over the years. However, the etiological basis of HLHS remains fundamentally unclear to this day. Based upon the existing paradigm of studies, HLHS exhibits a multifactorial mode of etiology mediated by a complicated course of genetic and signaling cascade. This review presents a detailed outline of the HLHS phenotype, the prenatal and postnatal risks, and the signaling and molecular mechanisms driving HLHS pathogenesis. The review discusses the potential limitations and future perspectives of studies that can be undertaken to address the existing scientific gap. Mechanistic studies to explain HLHS etiology will potentially elucidate novel druggable targets and empower the development of therapeutic regimens against HLHS in the future.

Human arginase 1, a Jack of all trades?

Arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in several metabolic and signalling pathways. Arginine metabolism in the body can be significantly increased under stress or during certain pathological conditions. Depletion of circulating arginine by administering arginine-hydrolysing enzyme has been shown to mitigate varied pathophysiological conditions ranging from cancer, inflammatory conditions, and microbial infection. This review provides an overview of such intriguing expanse of potential applications of recombinant human arginase 1 for different pathological conditions and its status of development.

The Spatiotemporal Expression of Notch1 and Numb and Their Functional Interaction during Cardiac Morphogenesis.

Numb family proteins (NFPs), including Numb and Numblike (Numbl), are commonly known for their role as cell fate determinants for multiple types of progenitor cells, mainly due to their function as Notch inhibitors. Previous studies have shown that myocardial NFP double knockout (MDKO) hearts display an up-regulated Notch activation and various defects in cardiac progenitor cell differentiation and cardiac morphogenesis. Whether enhanced Notch activation causes these defects in MDKO is not fully clear. To answer the question, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of Notch1 expression, Notch activation, and Numb expression in the murine embryonic hearts using multiple approaches including RNAScope, and Numb and Notch reporter mouse lines. To further interrogate the interaction between NFPs and Notch signaling activation, we deleted both Notch1 or RBPJk alleles in the MDKO. We examined and compared the phenotypes of Notch1 knockout, NFPs double knockout, Notch1; Numb; Numbl and RBPJk; Numb; Numbl triple knockouts. Our study showed that Notch1 is expressed and activated in the myocardium at several stages, and Numb is enriched in the epicardium and did not show the asymmetric distribution in the myocardium. Cardiac-specific Notch1 deletion causes multiple structural defects and embryonic lethality. Notch1 or RBPJk deletion in MDKO did not rescue the structural defects in the MDKO but partially rescued the defects of cardiac progenitor cell differentiation, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and trabecular morphogenesis. Our study concludes that NFPs regulate progenitor cell differentiation, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and trabecular morphogenesis partially through Notch1 and play more roles than inhibiting Notch1 signaling during cardiac morphogenesis.