RESUMEN
Antecedentes: la población paliativa suele sufrir patologías que requieren una restricción de sodio en su dieta, aunque se desconoce la prevalencia de este requerimiento. Estas patologías, junto al estreñimiento, hacen que pueda desaconsejarse el uso de laxantes con electrolitos. Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de la necesidad de restringir la ingesta de sodio en pacientes paliativos y analizar la prevalencia de estreñimiento y del uso de laxantes, incluidos los que contienen sodio. Método: estudio epidemiológico, multicéntrico, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en pacientes mayores de 18 años recibidos en la consulta hospitalaria de paliativos (junio 2015-marzo 2016) tanto externos como hospitalizados. Se recogieron las características demográficas y antropométricas, enfermedades asociadas a la restricción de sodio en la dieta y tratamientos usados. Resultados: se incluyeron 400 pacientes paliativos (edad 77,8 ± 13,0 años, hombres 52,2%). El 68,3% fueron pacientes hospitalizados y el 31,8%, externos. En el 87,0% (IC95%: 83,3-90,0) existía comorbilidad que precisaba una dieta baja o ausente de sodio. Solo el 46,5% (IC95%: 41,5-51,5) tenía una recomendación de dieta baja en sal. Cabe resaltar que el 50,5% (IC95%: 45,5-55,5) de los pacientes presentó la necesidad de dieta baja en sodio y sufría estreñimiento. Un 53,8% (IC95%: 48,7-58,7) de los pacientes tomaba laxantes (54% productos ricos en lactulosa o polietilenglicol [PEG] con electrolitos), el 52,1% debido a estreñimiento y el 42,3% como prevención al tratamiento con opioides. Conclusiones: un alto porcentaje de la población estudiada (87%) padece algún trastorno que requiere la limitación de sodio en su dieta y al menos la mitad presenta estreñimiento. El uso de laxantes, como tratamiento o como prevención del estreñimiento, es frecuente en los pacientes paliativos. Por tanto, la elección de un laxante sin sodio será preferible en este tipo de pacientes
Background: palliative patients usually have diseases that require a restriction of dietary sodium, although the prevalence of this requirement is unknown. Such conditions, combined with constipation, may mean that the use of laxatives with electrolytes should be avoided. Objectives: to ascertain the prevalence of the need to restrict sodium intake in palliative patients and to analyze the prevalence of constipation and the use of laxatives, including those containing sodium. Method: this was a multicenter retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study of both inpatients and outpatients over 18 years of age treated at the palliative care clinic (June 2015-March 2016). Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, diseases associated with dietary sodium restriction and treatments administered were recorded. Results: the study sample consisted of 400 palliative patients, with a mean age of 77.8 ± 13.0 years and 52.2% were male. Of these, 68.3% were inpatients and 31.8% were outpatients. Comorbidities requiring low sodium or a sodium-free diet were found in 87.0% (95% CI: 83.3-90.0) of cases. Only 46.5% (95% CI: 41.5-51.5) of patients had been prescribed a low salt diet. It should be noted that 50.5% (95% CI: 45.5-55.5) of patients required a low sodium diet and suffered from constipation. Laxatives (polyethylene glycol or lactulose-rich products [PEG] with electrolytes in 54% of cases) were taken by 53.8% (95% CI: 48.7-58.7) of patients, 52.1% due to constipation and 42.3% as a prevention due to opioid treatment. Conclusions: a high proportion of the study cohort (87%) had some condition that required dietary sodium restriction and at least half the patients had constipation. The use of laxatives to treat or prevent constipation is common in palliative patients. A sodium-free laxative is therefore preferred in these patients
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Dieta Hiposódica , Laxativos/uso terapéutico , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Sodio en la Dieta/análisis , LaxativosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: palliative patients usually have diseases that require a restriction of dietary sodium, although the prevalence of this requirement is unknown. Such conditions, combined with constipation, may mean that the use of laxatives with electrolytes should be avoided. OBJECTIVES: to ascertain the prevalence of the need to restrict sodium intake in palliative patients and to analyze the prevalence of constipation and the use of laxatives, including those containing sodium. METHOD: this was a multicenter retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study of both inpatients and outpatients over 18 years of age treated at the palliative care clinic (June 2015-March 2016). Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, diseases associated with dietary sodium restriction and treatments administered were recorded. RESULTS: the study sample consisted of 400 palliative patients, with a mean age of 77.8 ± 13.0 years and 52.2% were male. Of these, 68.3% were inpatients and 31.8% were outpatients. Comorbidities requiring low sodium or a sodium-free diet were found in 87.0% (95% CI: 83.3-90.0) of cases. Only 46.5% (95% CI: 41.5-51.5) of patients had been prescribed a low salt diet. It should be noted that 50.5% (95% CI: 45.5-55.5) of patients required a low sodium diet and suffered from constipation. Laxatives (polyethylene glycol or lactulose-rich products [PEG] with electrolytes in 54% of cases) were taken by 53.8% (95% CI: 48.7-58.7) of patients, 52.1% due to constipation and 42.3% as a prevention due to opioid treatment. CONCLUSIONS: a high proportion of the study cohort (87%) had some condition that required dietary sodium restriction and at least half the patients had constipation. The use of laxatives to treat or prevent constipation is common in palliative patients. A sodium-free laxative is therefore preferred in these patients.