Formação de biofilmes e resistência a antimicrobianos de isolados de Salmonella spp / Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates

O presente estudo avaliou a presença de Salmonella spp. em 89 amostras de produtos cárneos comercializados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul e, a partir dos isolados obtidos, foi verificada a capacidade de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos e de formação de biofilme em superfícies de poliestireno. Foi constatada a presença de Salmonella spp. em 19,1% das amostras avaliadas e, dos isolados obtidos, 40% mostraram resistência a pelo menos um dos agentes antimicrobianos testados e 33,3% manifestaram-se multirresistentes. Apenas o antimicrobiano amicacina (30 µg) foi eficaz na inibição de todos os isolados testados. Nenhum isolado mostrou-se capaz de formar biofilmes em superfícies de poliestireno.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of Salmonella spp. in 89 samples of meat products marketed in southern Rio Grande do Sul and from isolates obtained was verified the ability of resistance to antimicrobials and biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces. The presence of Salmonella spp. was found in 19.1% of the samples. Of the isolates obtained, 40% showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials and 33.3% expressed multiresistant. Only the antimicrobial amikacin (30 µg) was effective in inhibiting all isolates tested. No isolate was able to form biofilms on polystyrene surfaces.

Formação de biofilmes e resistência a antimicrobianos de isolados de Salmonella spp. / Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates

O presente estudo avaliou a presença de Salmonella spp. em 89 amostras de produtos cárneos comercializados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul e, a partir dos isolados obtidos, foi verificada a capacidade de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos e de formação de biofilme em superfícies de poliestireno. Foi constatada a presença de Salmonella spp. em 19,1% das amostras avaliadas e, dos isolados obtidos, 40% mostraram resistência a pelo menos um dos agentes antimicrobianos testados e 33,3% manifestaram-se multirresistentes. Apenas o antimicrobiano amicacina (30 µg) foi eficaz na inibição de todos os isolados testados. Nenhum isolado mostrou-se capaz de formar biofilmes em superfícies de poliestireno.(AU)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of Salmonella spp. in 89 samples of meat products marketed in southern Rio Grande do Sul and from isolates obtained was verified the ability of resistance to antimicrobials and biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces. The presence of Salmonella spp. was found in 19.1% of the samples. Of the isolates obtained, 40% showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials and 33.3% expressed multiresistant. Only the antimicrobial amikacin (30 µg) was effective in inhibiting all isolates tested. No isolate was able to form biofilms on polystyrene surfaces.(AU)

Sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products: A promising and underutilized source of bioactive compounds. Part II: Phenolic compounds profile.

In this study, the profile of the bioactive compounds of sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products have been investigated. The phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the total phenolic content, the condensed tannins and the antioxidant activity of the sapucaia nut and shell were determined. 14 phenolic compounds were identified in the sapucaia nut extract, primarily phenolic acids and flavonoids. Catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, ellagic acid and ferulic acid presented significant correlation to the antioxidant activity. The sapucaia shell contained 22 phenolic compounds, 13 of which were quantified. The sapucaia shell extract showed a high content of total phenolic compounds, a high condensed tannins content, and high antioxidant activity. The higher antioxidant activity of the shell can be associated with a higher content of phenolics. Overall, it can be concluded that the sapucaia nut is a raw material rich in phenolic compounds that present high antioxidant activity. The nuts and the cake may be used as a promising raw material for the food industry, while the shells could be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. Further use in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry may also be envisaged.

Sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products: A promising and underutilized source of bioactive compounds. Part I: Nutritional composition and lipid profile.

The nutritional composition of the sapucaia nut, cake and shell, the nut and cake minerals content and the lipid profile of the nut oil (fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and triacylglycerols) were determined. The nuts and cake exhibited a high content of lipid (47.9 to 60.8 mg 100 g-1), protein (15.8 to 19.5 mg 100 g-1), dietary fiber (16.5 to 22.6 mg 100 g-1) and provided an excellent source of selenium (26.4 to 46.94 µg g-1). The oil contained a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids (39.7 to 45.4% of oleic and 32.2 to 46.6% of linoleic acids) and presented a high Oxidative Stability Index (8.57-12.95 h) indicating the presence of antioxidant compounds in the oil. The major triacylglycerols in the sapucaia oil were LLO, PLO, LOO, POO, OOO, PLL and LLL. The main bioactive lipids identified in the oil were γ-tocopherol (19.2 to 28.5 mg 100 g-1) and ß-sitosterol (92.8 to 194 mg 100 g-1). The results showed that the sapucaia nut and its by-products are a promising natural source of bioactive and nutritional compounds and when present in the diet can contribute to the maintenance of human health. In addition, the nut and by-product represents a promising raw material for the food industry.

Nutritional potential, chemical profile and antioxidant activity of Chichá (Sterculia striata) nuts and its by-products.

The Sterculia striata nut commonly known as chichá is consumed raw or toasted inBrazil but information on its chemical composition and antioxidant activity are scarce in the literature. In this work, the nutritional composition, minerals profile, lipid composition and phenolic compounds profile of chichá nuts and its by-products (pellicle and shell) were determined. The results showed that the nuts and the cake contain considerable amount of fibers and proteins and are rich in minerals (Fe, Mn and Cu). Oleic acid was the main fatty acid (37.8%), and PPO (36.0%) and POP (15.6%) were the main triacylglycerides present in the chichá oil. The phytosterols ß-sitosterol, stigmasteroland campesterol (1848.5µgg-1, 542.2µgg-1 and 186.3µgg-1, respectively), and the γ-, δ-, α- and ß-tocopherol (8.85; 2.10; 1.64, and 0.11mg100g-1, respectively) were identified in the oil. The antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP assays) followed the order pellicle>shell>nuts (13.25 and 84.65; 8.71 and 64.3; 5.85 and 36.79µmolTEACg-1, respectively). The main phenolic compounds identified in the extracts were ellagic and ferulic acids; ellagic and protocatechuic acids; and protocatechuic, ellagic and methoxyphenylacetic acids for the nuts, shells and pellicle, respectively. A strong positive correlation was observed between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity determined by ABTS and FRAP assays (r=0.9067, p<0.01; and r=0.9584, p<0.01; respectively). Collectively, the results showed that the chichá is a nut of high nutritional value, rich in bioactive compounds.

Qualidade higienicos sanitária e composição química de alfaces cultivadas em sistema de produção orgânico e convencional / Sanitary hygienic quality and chemical composition of lettuce grown in organic and conventional production system

The lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most commercialized leafy greenery in Brazil. being a source of vitamins and mineral salts, and its growing can be done in many ways, such as conventional and organic. This study was aimed at evaluating the chemical composition and sanitary- -hygienic quality of lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) from organic and conventional production systems in the municipality of Pelotas - RS. It was used 32 samples from organic growing and 32 from conventional growing. There was no significant difference in the chemical composition of lettuce from organic and conventional cultivation. Organic lettuces presented more quantity of contaminated samples through coliforms at 45 "C. (AU)

A alface é uma hortaliça folhosa amplamente comercializada no Brasil, sendo boa fonte de vitaminas e sais minerais, e seu cultivo pode ser realizado de variadas formas, como a convencional e a orgânica. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a composição química e a qualidade higienicossanitária de alfaces provenientes de sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional no município de Pelotas - RS. Foram utilizadas 32 amostras provenientes do cultivo orgânico e 32 provenientes do cultivo convencional. Não houve diferença significativa na composição química das alfaces provenientes do cultivo orgânico e convencional. As alfaces orgânicas apresentaram maior quantidade de amostras contaminadas por coliformes a 45ºC. (AU)