Prospective Teacher's Voice Questionnaire (PTVQ): Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Training-Related Voice Symptoms Among Prospective Teachers.

AIM: To develop and validate a self-administered population-specific survey, available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, which investigates the prevalence of voice symptoms and perceptions of risk factors associated with training among prospective teachers. METHODS: The present study had three stages: the first stage included a literature review and content validation by experts that supported the survey development. From this phase, we defined five aspects of the Prospective Teacher's Voice Questionnaire (PTVQ): (1) target population, (2) research objectives, (3) questions to be included, (4) scales for the answers, and (5) relevance, comprehensiveness, clarityclarity, and understandability of the questions. This process was performed in parallel for the three languages (Spanish, Portuguese, and English). The second stage included pilot testing. This involved administering the first draft of the survey to a group of 120 students to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the survey instrument, identify any potential problems with the survey, and refine the instrument based on feedback from the pilot participants. The third stage includes the restructuring of the questionnaire's voice quality section to eliminate redundant questions. Through Principal Component Analysis, multicollinear variables were condensed, facilitating the removal of redundant items, and ensuring that the final questionnaire comprised only the most relevant and discriminative questions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The final version of the survey, available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, consists of four sections with a total of 57 questions. The development of the PTVQ represents a significant step toward better understanding and addressing voice disorders among prospective teachers. Future research could further refine the questionnaire and explore its predictive validity in identifying individuals at risk of voice disorders early in their teaching careers. Additionally, interventions based on the findings from the PTVQ could be developed to support the voice health and well-being of prospective teachers, ultimately improving teaching quality and job satisfaction in educational settings.

Preoperative Atelectasis in Patients with Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary atelectasis is present even before surgery in patients with obesity. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and extension of preoperative atelectasis in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and to determine if variation in preoperative Spo2 values in the seated position at room air is explained by the extent of atelectasis coverage in the supine position. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study in a single center specialized in laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Preoperative chest computed tomographies were reassessed by a senior radiologist to quantify the extent of atelectasis coverage as a percentage of total lung volume. Patients were classified as having atelectasis when the affection was ≥2.5%, to estimate the prevalence of atelectasis. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and odds ratios (aORs) were obtained to assess the relative prevalence of atelectasis and percentage coverage, respectively, with increasing obesity category. Inverse probability weighting was used to assess the total, direct (not mediated), and indirect (mediated through atelectasis) effects of body mass index (BMI) on preoperative Spo2, and to quantify the magnitude of mediation (proportion mediated). E-values were calculated, to represent the minimum magnitude of association that an unmeasured confounder with the same directionality of the effect should have to drive the observed point estimates or lower confidence intervals (CIs) to 1, respectively. RESULTS: In 236 patients with a median BMI of 40.3 kg/m2 (interquartile range [IQR], 34.6-46.0, range: 30.0-77.3), the overall prevalence of atelectasis was 32.6% (95% CI, 27.0-38.9) and by BMI category: 30 to 35 kg/m2, 12.7% (95% CI, 6.1-24.4); 35 to 40 kg/m2, 28.3% (95% CI, 17.2-42.6); 40 to 45 kg/m2, 12.3% (95% CI, 5.5-24.3); 45 to 50 kg/m2, 48.4% (95% CI, 30.6-66.6); and ≥50 units, 100% (95% CI, 86.7-100). Compared to the 30 to 35 kg/m2 group, only the categories with BMI ≥45 kg/m2 had significantly higher relative prevalence of atelectasis-45 to 50 kg/m2, aPR = 3.52 (95% CI, 1.63-7.61, E-value lower bound: 2.64) and ≥50 kg/m2, aPR = 8.0 (95% CI, 4.22-15.2, E-value lower bound: 7.91)-and higher odds of greater atelectasis percentage coverage: 45-50 kg/m2, aOR = 7.5 (95% CI, 2.7-20.9) and ≥50 kg/m2, aOR = 91.5 (95% CI, 30.0-279.3). Atelectasis percent alone explained 70.2% of the variation in preoperative Spo2. The proportion of the effect of BMI on preoperative Spo2 values <96% mediated through atelectasis was 81.5% (95% CI, 56.0-100). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and extension of atelectasis increased with higher BMI, being significantly higher at BMI ≥45 kg/m2. Preoperative atelectasis mediated the effect of BMI on Spo2 at room air in the seated position.

[Sarcopenia: new cut-off value of handgrip in postmenopausal Argentine women]. / Sarcopenia: nuevo valor de handgrip en mujeres argentinas postmenopáusicas.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is a global health problem, there are currently several criteria for its diagnosis and the implementation of its own cut-off values for each population is recommended. The objective was to evaluate the handgrip strength (HG) in postmenopausal women from Buenos Aires and establish a cut-off value. METHODS: A total of 704 women ≥50 years of age were evaluated, who answered a questionnaire on osteoporosis risk and HG was taken. Those with arthritis or pain in the hands were excluded, leaving 678 women for analysis. A subpopulation of 148 healthy women was selected to define the minimum normal value of the HG of our population. RESULTS: The HG was 20.44 ± 5.19 kg, with a significant decrease in values after 70 years. The HG in the group of healthy women was 22.08 ± 5.13 kg. And the cutoff value of 17.5 kg was established in our population (first quintile). 28.6% of the total population presented decreased HG and reached 53.7% in women >80 years. HG <17.5 kg was associated with a 67% increased risk of falls in the total group of women >50 years. DISCUSSION: The HG is a simple tool that is easy to implement in clinical practice and is considered the first step for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The cut-off value of HG <17.5 kg could be used for the evaluation of sarcopenia in women >50 years of Buenos Aires.

Introducción: La sarcopenia es un problema de salud mundial, actualmente existen varios criterios para su diagnóstico y se recomienda la implementación de valores de corte propios para cada población. El objetivo fue evaluar la fuerza de prensión palmar (FPP), en mujeres postmenopáusicas de Buenos Aires y establecer un valor de corte para nuestra población. Métodos: Se evaluaron 704 mujeres ≥50 años, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sobre riesgo de osteoporosis y se tomó la FPP. Se excluyeron aquellas con artritis o dolor en las manos, quedando 678 mujeres para el análisis. Se seleccionó una subpoblación de 148 mujeres sanas para definir el valor mínimo normal de la FPP de nuestra población. Resultados: La FPP fue de 20.44 ± 5.19 kg, con una disminución significativa a partir de los 70 años. La FPP en el grupo de mujeres sanas fue de 22.08 ± 5.13 kg. Y se estableció el valor de corte de 17.5 kg en nuestra población (primer quintil). El 28.6% de la población total presentaban FPP disminuida y alcanzaba a un 53.7% en las mujeres >80 años. La FPP <17.5 kg se asoció con un incremento del 67% del riesgo de caídas en el grupo total de mujeres >50 años. Discusión: La FPP constituye una herramienta sencilla y de fácil implementación en la práctica clínica del consultorio y es considerada el primer paso para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia. El valor de corte de FPP <17.5 kg podría ser utilizado para la evaluación de sarcopenia en mujeres >50 años de Buenos Aires.

Hydrogel capsules as new delivery system for Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 to control Rhizoctonia solani in rice (Oryza sativa).

The incorporation of biological control agents (BCAs) such as Trichoderma spp. in agricultural systems favors the transition towards sustainable practices of plant nutrition and diseases control. Novel bioproducts for crop management are called to guarantee sustainable antagonism activity of BCAs and increase the acceptance of the farmers. The encapsulation in polymeric matrices play a prominent role for providing an effective carrier/protector and long-lasting bioproduct. This research aimed to study the influence of biopolymer in hydrogel capsules on survival and shelf-life of T. koningiopsis. Thus, two hydrogel capsules prototypes based on alginate (P1) and amidated pectin (P2), containing conidia of T. koningiopsis Th003 were formulated. Capsules were prepared by the ionic gelation method and calcium gluconate as crosslinker. Conidia releasing under different pH values of the medium, survival of conidia in drying capsules, storage stability, and biocontrol activity against rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) were studied. P2 prototype provided up to 98% survival to Th003 in fluid bed drying, faster conidia releasing at pH 5.8, storage stability greater than 6 months at 18 °C, and up to 67% of disease reduction. However, both biopolymers facilitate the antagonistic activity against R. solani, and therefore can be incorporated in novel hydrogel capsules-based biopreparations. This work incites to develop novel biopesticides-based formulations with potential to improve the delivery process in the target site and the protection of the active ingredient from the environmental factors.

Linking ABC transporters to the hallmarks of cancer.

Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitously expressed and transport a broad range of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates across extra- and intracellular membranes. Mutations in ABC genes cause 21 monogenic diseases, and polymorphisms in these genes are associated with susceptibility to complex diseases. ABC transporters also play a major role in drug bioavailability, and they mediate multidrug resistance in cancer. At least 13 ABC transporters were shown to be involved in drug resistance in vitro. In the past decade, efforts have been made to elucidate their roles in tumor biology. Herein, we explore their involvement in tumorigenesis, focusing on the hallmarks of cells as they make their way from normalcy to neoplastic growth states.

EXPERIENCIAS ANTE EL ABORTO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIAS DE QUERÉTARO, MÉXICO / ABORTION EXPERIENCES IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

INTRODUCCIÓN. El aborto, practicado de manera clandestina, puede implicar una serie de riesgos para la madre, sobre todo si esta es menor de edad o lo realiza sin el debido monitoreo médico. OBJETIVO. Describir las experiencias de jóvenes universitarias ante el aborto, mediante la realización de entrevistas a profundidad, con la finalidad de comprender el contexto del fenómeno. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico. Se entrevistaron a 3 estudiantes, elegidas por conveniencia, que vivieron un aborto de manera autoinducida. La pregunta generadora se sometió a validación por expertos y a estudio exploratorio. Las participantes aceptaron que sus entrevistas se grabaran, previo consentimiento informado. RESULTADOS. Se obtuvieron tres categorías de análisis. 1) ¿cómo me di cuenta que estaba embarazada?; las tres participantes no fueron plenamente conscientes del hecho, sino que la sintomatología propia del estado las "alertó". 2) ¿Cómo fue el proceso para la pérdida del feto? dos de las jóvenes utilizaron medicamentos administrados por distintas vías: uno oral y otro vaginal, la tercera participante utilizó té de ruda. 3) ¿qué pasó después? A pesar de que todas deseaban que el hecho quedara oculto a sus familias, sólo una lo logró. CONCLUSIÓN. Todas las jóvenes indicaron que esta experiencia las ha marcado. Sus comentarios denotan que no han superado el fenómeno a pesar de que ya tienen varios años de haberlo vivido. Señalan que no se arrepienten de su decisión, más que procurarán que no se repita la experiencia.

INTRODUCTION. Abortion, performed clandestinely, presents a series of risks for the mother, especially if she is underage or if she performs the procedure without proper medical supervision. OBJECTIVE. To describe the abortion experiences of university women through in-depth interviews, and thereby better understand the context of the phenomenon. METHODOLOGY. Qualitative, phenomenological study. 3 university students who lived through the experience of a self-induced abortion were interviewed, and the interview questions were validated by experts and an exploratory study. The participants agreed to have their interviews recorded by providing prior informed consent. RESULTS. There were three categories of analysis: 1) ¿How did I find out I was pregnant? The three participants were not fully conscious of the fact, but the symptoms of their state "alerted" them. 2) ¿What was the process for aborting the fetus? The women had different processes; two of them used medications administered by different routes: one oral and one vaginal. The third participant used tea made from the rue plant. 3) ¿What happened next? Even though they all wanted to hide the abortion from their families, only one succeeded. CONCLUSION. All three women interviewed indicated that this experience marked them. Their comments suggest that they haven't overcome the experience even though it happened several years ago. While they do not regret their decision, they are committed to ensuring that it will never happen again.

Mimicking superinfection exclusion disrupts alphavirus infection and transmission in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Multiple viruses, including pathogenic viruses, bacteriophages, and even plant viruses, cause a phenomenon termed superinfection exclusion whereby a currently infected cell is resistant to secondary infection by the same or a closely related virus. In alphaviruses, this process is thought to be mediated, at least in part, by the viral protease (nsP2) which is responsible for processing the nonstructural polyproteins (P123 and P1234) into individual proteins (nsP1-nsP4), forming the viral replication complex. Taking a synthetic biology approach, we mimicked this naturally occurring phenomenon by generating a superinfection exclusion-like state in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, rendering them refractory to alphavirus infection. By artificially expressing Sindbis virus (SINV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nsP2 in mosquito cells and transgenic mosquitoes, we demonstrated a reduction in both SINV and CHIKV viral replication rates in cells following viral infection as well as reduced infection prevalence, viral titers, and transmission potential in mosquitoes.

Reaching the World Health Organization elimination targets for schistosomiasis: the importance of a One Health perspective.

The past three years has seen the launch of a new World Health Organization (WHO) neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) roadmap, together with revised control and elimination guidelines. Across all, there is now a clear emphasis on the need to incorporate a One Health approach, recognizing the critical links between human and animal health and the environment. Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma spp. trematodes, is a NTD of global medical and veterinary importance, with over 220 million people and untold millions of livestock currently infected. Its burden remains extremely high in certain regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa, despite over two decades of mass preventive chemotherapy (mass drug administration), predominantly to school-aged children. In Africa, in contrast to Asia, any zoonotic component of schistosomiasis transmission and its implications for disease control has, until recently, been largely ignored. Here, we review recent epidemiological, clinical, molecular, and modelling work across both Asia and Africa. We outline the evolutionary history and transmission dynamics of Schistosoma species, and emphasize the emerging risk raised by both wildlife reservoirs and viable hybridization between human and animal schistosomes. To achieve the 2030 WHO roadmap elimination targets, a truly multi-disciplinary One Health perspective must be implemented. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.

Brown tumors of the jaw: an atypical manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism / Tumores pardos de mandíbula: una manifestación atípica de hiperparatiroidismo primario

Abstract Brown tumors represent the terminal stage of bone remodeling processes in primary hyperparathyroidism. Currently they are rare, and typically affect long bones, pelvis and ribs. Brown tumors may be not included in the initial differential diagnosis of bone disease, espe cially when they are present in atypical localizations. We reported two cases of oral brown tumors as the initial presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. In the first case, a 44-year-old woman presented a painful and sessile lesion of 4x3 cm over the central body of the mandible which progressively increased in 4-month. The second case involved a 23-year-old woman who was referred with a 3-month history of a painful and ulcerated mass of 2 cm arising from left maxilla, episodes of gingival hemorrhage and difficulty of breathing. Both cases were solitary tumors with no evidence of palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Incisional biopsy of oral tumors resul ted in giant cell and primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed by laboratory tests. After parathyroidectomy, histology confirmed adenoma in both cases. Although this type of clinical presentation has almost disappeared in the recent decades, brown tumors should be consi dered in the differential diagnosis of bone oral masses.

Resumen Los tumores pardos son raros y, por lo general, afectan huesos largos, pelvis y costillas. Pueden no estar incluidos en el diagnóstico diferencial inicial como manifestación de enfermedad esquelética, es pecialmente cuando se presentan en localizaciones atípicas. Comunicamos dos casos de tumores pardos orales como presentación inicial de hiperparatiroidismo primario. En el primer caso, una mujer de 44 años presentó una lesión dolorosa y sésil de 4 × 3 cm sobre el cuerpo central de la mandíbula que aumentó de tamaño progresivamente en 4 meses. El segundo caso corresponde a una mujer de 23 años que acudió por presentar una masa dolorosa y ul cerada de 2 cm en maxilar izquierdo de 3 meses de evolución, episodios de hemorragia gingival y difi cultad para respirar. Todos fueron tumores solitarios sin evidencia de linfadenopatía cervical palpable. La biopsia incisional de los tumores orales resultó en células gigantes, y las pruebas de laboratorio confirmaron el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Tras la paratiroidectomía, la histología confirmó adenoma en ambos casos. Los tumores pardos representan la etapa terminal de los procesos de remodelación ósea en el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Aunque este tipo de presentación clínica casi ha desaparecido en las últimas décadas, los tumores pardos deben ser considerados en el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas óseas orales.

Erythema nodosum leprosum: A rare cause of testicular nodules.

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), characterized by erythematous subcutaneous nodules with multiorgan involvement and systemic manifestations such as neuritis, arthritis, and orchitis, affects approximately 50 % of patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL). It has also been associated with testicular atrophy and adult-onset hypogonadism, but testicular nodules have rarely been reported. We present the case of a 35-year-old male patient with biopsy confirmed LL who completed multidrug therapy and presented for follow-up with a complaint of testicular tenderness. His disease course had been complicated by ENL and polyneuritis. At the time, physical examination revealed a palpable tender nodule in the left testicle. Testicular ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral intratesticular masses, of which the differential diagnosis included malignancy and inflammatory or postinfectious granulomatous process. Laboratory workup, testicular malignancy markers, and hormone levels were within normal limits. In view of the patient's underlying condition and after Urology evaluation, a diagnosis of granulomatous process was favored. The patient completed a prednisone taper followed by a 3-day prednisone pulse and weekly methotrexate, with sequential testicular ultrasounds to monitor response. After a year of close follow-up and slow tapering of methotrexate, the patient achieved complete resolution of the left intratesticular mass and decrease in size of the contralateral mass, evidenced by both physical examination and imaging. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion in patients with LL and ENL who present with testicular nodules, as awareness of testicular involvement in this population is imperative to avoid life altering procedures such as orchiectomy.

Brown tumors of the jaw: an atypical manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Brown tumors represent the terminal stage of bone remodeling processes in primary hyperparathyroidism. Currently they are rare, and typically affect long bones, pelvis and ribs. Brown tumors may be not included in the initial differential diagnosis of bone disease, especially when they are present in atypical localizations. We reported two cases of oral brown tumors as the initial presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. In the first case, a 44-year-old woman presented a painful and sessile lesion of 4 × 3 cm over the central body of the mandible which progressively increased in 4-month. The second case involved a 23-year-old woman who was referred with a 3-month history of a painful and ulcerated mass of 2 cm arising from left maxilla, episodes of gingival hemorrhage and difficulty of breathing. Both cases were solitary tumors with no evidence of palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Incisional biopsy of oral tumors resulted in giant cell and primary hyperparathyroidism was confirmed by laboratory tests. After parathyroidectomy, histology confirmed adenoma in both cases. Although this type of clinical presentation has almost disappeared in the recent decades, brown tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone oral masses.

Los tumores pardos son raros y, por lo general, afectan huesos largos, pelvis y costillas. Pueden no estar incluidos en el diagnóstico diferencial inicial como manifestación de enfermedad esquelética, especialmente cuando se presentan en localizaciones atípicas. Comunicamos dos casos de tumores pardos orales como presentación inicial de hiperparatiroidismo primario. En el primer caso, una mujer de 44 años presentó una lesión dolorosa y sésil de 4 × 3 cm sobre el cuerpo central de la mandíbula que aumentó de tamaño progresivamente en 4 meses. El segundo caso corresponde a una mujer de 23 años que acudió por presentar una masa dolorosa y ulcerada de 2 cm en maxilar izquierdo de 3 meses de evolución, episodios de hemorragia gingival y dificultad para respirar. Todos fueron tumores solitarios sin evidencia de linfadenopatía cervical palpable. La biopsia incisional de los tumores orales resultó en células gigantes, y las pruebas de laboratorio confirmaron el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Tras la paratiroidectomía, la histología confirmó adenoma en ambos casos. Los tumores pardos representan la etapa terminal de los procesos de remodelación ósea en el hiperparatiroidismo primario. Aunque este tipo de presentación clínica casi ha desaparecido en las últimas décadas, los tumores pardos deben ser considerados en el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas óseas orales.

A Rare Complication of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Jejunal Diverticulosis. A Case Report

Introduction: Small intestine diverticula are a rare condition with an incidence of 0.6% to 2%. Their location at the level of the jejunum is a rare alteration, and their diagnosis is often delayed due to low clinical suspicion. The clinical manifestation of this pathology is related to the development of complications -15% to 30% of patients, with approximately 10% requiring surgical intervention. Clinical case: We present a case of a middle-aged adult patient who experienced a complication due to a bleeding jejunal diverticulum. The patient underwent surgical management, which resulted in a satisfactory outcome. Objective: This article aims to describe jejunal diverticulosis, a rare condition that can have a significant impact on affected individuals. Emphasizing its clinical suspicion as a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal bleeding is crucial. Additionally, we discuss diagnostic methods and highlight various therapeutic options, including surgical management.

Introducción: los divertículos del intestino delgado presentan una incidencia del 0,6% al 2%, su localización a nivel del yeyuno es una alteración poco frecuente y, dada su baja sospecha clínica, se retrasa el diagnóstico oportuno. La manifestación clínica de esta patología se encuentra relacionada con el desarrollo de complicaciones, las cuales ocurren entre el 15% y el 30% de los pacientes, y el 10% de estos pacientes requiere manejo quirúrgico. Caso clínico: un paciente adulto medio cursó con una complicación secundaria a la presencia de un divertículo del yeyuno sangrante, al cual se le dio un manejo quirúrgico con un resultado satisfactorio. Objetivo: este artículo tiene como objetivo describir la diverticulosis yeyunal que, aunque poco frecuente, puede generar un compromiso importante en quien la padece, lo que prioriza su sospecha clínica como diagnóstico diferencial causante de hemorragia gastrointestinal, así como dilucidar métodos diagnósticos y estar al tanto de las diferentes opciones terapéuticas que existen, incluido el manejo quirúrgico.

Biological Efficacy of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi: Assessments in Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions.

Utilizing the interactions of microorganisms with plants offers a favorable path to increase crop production and replace the use of synthetic fertilizers. Different bacteria and fungi have been used as biofertilizers to improve agricultural production, yield, and sustainability. Beneficial microorganisms can act as free-living organisms, symbiotes, and endophytes. Soil bacteria called plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and fungi called arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) stimulate the growth and health of plants by direct and indirect mechanisms including nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, phytohormone production, enzyme production, antibiotic synthesis, and induced systemic resistance. To use these microorganisms as a biofertilizer, it is necessary to assess their efficacy under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Few reports detail the methods used to develop a test under different environmental conditions, and without these details it is difficult to develop suitable methodologies to evaluate microorganism-plant relationships. We describe four protocols that go from sample preparation to testing in vitro the efficacy of different biofertilizers. Each protocol can be used to test a different biofertilizer microorganism, focusing on bacteria such as Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus sp. as well as AMF such as Glomus sp. These protocols can be used in several stages of biofertilizer development, including microorganism selection, microorganism characterization, and in vitro evaluation of efficacy for the registration process. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Evaluating the biological effect of biofertilizer based on PGPB under laboratory conditions Basic Protocol 2: Evaluating the biological effect of biofertilizer based on PGPB under greenhouse conditions Basic Protocol 3: Evaluating the biological effect of biofertilizer based on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Basic Protocol 4: Evaluating the biological effect of biofertilizer based on AMF.

Actitudes hacia la sexualidad en adolescentes de bachillerato de la ciudad de Querétaro, México / Attitudes toward sexuality among high school adolescents in Queretaro city, Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN. La sexualidad forma parte de cada etapa de la vida del ser humano, no obstante, en la adolescencia existe una pérdida de orientación, presión social por parte de sus iguales e información no precisa, lo que conduce a un inicio temprano de la vida sexual y consecuencias no deseadas. OBJETIVO. Determinar la actitud en adolescentes de bachillerato, hacia la sexualidad. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado en el Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Querétaro, Plantel 1. El instrumento se denomina "Actitudes hacia el sexo", diseñado y validado en población queretana en 2017. RESULTADOS. Se aplicaron 264 instrumentos en jóvenes con edades de 15 a 16 años. Con respecto a las actitudes hacia el sexo, 32,6% no saben por qué tendrían sexo. Indican que les acarrearía mala reputación o pérdida de respeto hacia su persona si tuvieran relaciones sexuales, el 19,7% y 18,9%, respectivamente. Podrían sentirse culpables después de hacer el acto sexual el 22,3%. Tienen curiosidad de vivir la experiencia el 23,5%. Han iniciado con la práctica de relaciones sexuales el 38,6% aproximadamente a los 15 años, la mayoría. 6,1% ha tenido relaciones sin uso de un método de barrera y bajo el efecto del alcohol. CONCLUSIONES. La información obtenida refleja la necesidad de trabajar con los estudiantes en valores, inteligencia emocional, violencia, perspectivas de género, que favorezcan una visión clara de la sexualidad y una apropiada toma de decisiones.

INTRODUCTION. Sexuality is part of every stage of human life, however in adolescence the loss of orientation, social pressure from peers, and inaccurate information often leads to an early onset of sexual life and unwanted consequences. OBJECTIVE. To determine the attitude of high school adolescents towards sexuality. METHODOLOGY. Cross-sectional, descriptive study, conducted at High School Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Querétaro, Plantel 1. An instrument called "Attitudes towards sex" was designed and validated in the Queretano population in 2017. RESULTS. 264 instruments were administered to adolescents aged 15 to 16 years. With respect to attitudes towards sex, 32.6% did not know why they tend to have sex. Respondents were concerned that sex could result in a bad reputation (19.7%) or loss of their own self-respect (18.9%). Students could also feel guilty after sex (22.3%). 23.5% had curiosity about have sex. 28.6% of the teenagers surveyed started their sexual life at an average of 15 years; most of them have had sex without the use of a condom and under the influence of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS. The information obtained shows the necessity to work with the values, emotional intelligence, violence, and gender perspectives of adolescent students to help them develop a better perspective about sexuality and make appropriate decisions.

Estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería de Querétaro, México / Academic stress in university nursing students from Queretaro, Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN. Estudiar una carrera universitaria conlleva grandes retos académicos por lo que formase como Licenciado en Enfermería no es la excepción, incluso se considera una carrera de grandes exigencias y sacrificios que pueden implicar una serie de cuadros depresivos, de ansiedad y sobre todo estrés. OBJETIVO. Determinar el nivel de estrés que existe en los estudiantes universitarios de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de una institución educativa privada, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario con la finalidad de conocer la situación actual de dicha población. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal que incluyo estudiantes de Enfermería. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó una encuesta sociodemográfica, así como la aplicación del inventario SISCO-21. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el programa SPSS versión 25. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Se consideraron los aspectos éticos para la investigación en humanos. RESULTADOS: Se aplicaron 78 cuestionarios, donde 83,3% fueron mujeres. 38,5% indicaron sentir un nivel de estrés superior a 3 de 5. Los factores estresantes fueron el tiempo para hacer tareas, la poca claridad de los profesores e incluso, la personalidad del docente. Como reacciones manifestaron ansiedad, el 21,8%, siempre. CONCLUSIÓN: El nivel general de estrés fue leve, aunque sí se encontraron casos de alumnos que reflejaron niveles moderados e intensos, por lo que es importante el monitoreo y apoyo de los casos de alumnos que requieran apoyo.

INTRODUCTION. To study a university program implies academic challenges and being a nursing student is not an exception. Also, nursing it is a very demanding and sacrificed career who can pushed to every student into depressive situations, anxiety, but more, stress. OBJECTIVE. To determine the stress level on university students from Nursing School from a private school, thru a questionnaire trying to have an actual frame of the topic on these population. METHODOLOGY. Quantitative, cross sectional and descriptive study with nursing students. Data collection was made applying a sociodemographic cedula and the SISCO-21 inventory. Data analysis was made with SPSS 25th version program. Descriptive analysis was made. Ethical aspects were put in consideration. RESULTS. 78 instruments were applied; 83% of the students were female. 38.5% said to feel a superior level of stress, with 3 of 5. Stressors were time for homework, professors lack of clarity and, also, professors' personality. Some reactions were anxiety, always in 21.8% of students. CONCLUSION. The general stress level was low, although some students with moderate and high level were found. Monitoring and support it is important in case some students need support

Experiencia de profesionalización en auxiliares de enfermería / Experience of professionalization in nursing assistants / Experiencia de profissionalização em assistentes de enfermagem

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de transición en los auxiliares de enfermería que se for-man como profesionales de enfermería. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio cualitativo explora-torio descriptivo, donde se utilizó la entrevista no estructurada como método de recolección de información. Los participantes fueron enfermeros que previamente habían sido auxiliares de enfermería y que se encontraban laborando actualmente. La muestra se logró por satura-ción teórica. Las entrevistas se grabaron, se transcribieron y se analizaron bajo la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 16 enfermeros. De los relatos emergieron tres categorías: percepciones en la experiencia de formación, donde se aborda el contexto universitario y el encuentro con los cursos teóricos y prácticos; facilitadores en el inicio del proceso de formación en el que se relatan los acuerdos, pérdidas y negociaciones para poder estudiar; y convertirse en enfermero donde se habla acerca del camino que se recorre para asumir un nuevo rol profesional. Conclusiones: La experiencia de transición en el proceso de profesionalización de los auxiliares representa un verdadero reto que involucra y afecta no solo a la persona, sino a todo su círculo laboral, familiar y relacional cercano y donde el camino recorrido contribuye a modificar los imaginarios del auxiliar y del profesional de enfermería hasta adquirir el nuevo rol.

Objective: To describe the transition experience in nursing assistants training as nursing professionals. Material and Methods: Descriptive exploratory qualitative study, where the unstructured interview was used as a method of data collection. The participants were nurses who had previously been nursing assistants and were currently working. The sample was achieved by theoretical saturation. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the content analysis technique. Results: 16 nurses were interviewed. Three categories emerged from the stories: perceptions in the training experience, where the university con-text and the encounter with theoretical and practical courses are addressed; facilitators at the beginning of the training process in which the agreements, losses, and negotiations to be able to study are related; and becoming a nurse where the path to assume a new professional role is discussed. Conclusions: The transition experience in the professionalization process of nursing assistants represents a real challenge that involves and affects not only the individual, but also his or her entire work, family, and close relational circle, and where the road traveled contributes to modify the imaginary of the assistant and the nursing professional until acquir-ing the new role

Trichoderma koningiopsis Survival on Coated Seeds and Effect on Plant Growth Promotion in Rice (Oryza sativa).

Seed coating is an alternative delivery system for beneficial plant microorganisms into the soil. Although seed coats are widely used for the application of agrochemicals, the incorporation of beneficial microorganisms has not been explored deeply and their survival on seeds while in storage is unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the coating process on microbial survival and on plant growth promotion. Two coating formulations were designed, and assessed by two coating processes: rotating drum and fluidized bed. The rotating drum process resulted in more uniform coatings than in the fluidized bed process. In addition, with this coating technique, lower viability losses over time were observed. The rotatory drum prototype containing a biopolymer and a clay mineral derivate (P90) showed the best behavior at the three temperatures evaluated, with superior viabilities compared to the other prototypes and the lowest loss of viability after 12 months. The formulation of this coating prototype may preserve the viability of Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 up to 15 months at 8 °C, 9 months at 18 °C, and 3 months at 28 °C, which are very promising shelf-life results. Regarding the effect of seed coating on plant growth, prototypes showed higher yields > 16% than the control, comparable to the conventional use of Tricotec® WG, which may reduce the number of applications and water consumption for dissolution of the inoculant. The results demonstrated that the formulation composition, as well as the coating process may impact the microbial survival on seeds.

Bilateral Granulomatous Iridocyclitis Associated with Early-Onset Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report on a case of bilateral granulomatous iridocyclitis in a patient with early-onset juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA). Methods: The method used is an observational case report. Observations. A 3-year-old Hispanic girl was sent to our uveitis service for further evaluation of her granulomatous uveitis. The initial ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral band keratopathy, large mutton-fat keratic precipitates, multiple posterior synechiae, and 4+ anterior chamber cells. The physical exam was notable for left knee edema and right axillary rash. Laboratory testing was remarkable for an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 80 mm/h, positive antinuclear antibodies (1 : 1, 280), and negative human leukocyte antigen B27. A cutaneous biopsy was obtained, which confirmed the diagnosis of a psoriatic rash. Treatment with oral prednisolone and topical prednisolone acetate with atropine sulfate resulted in the complete resolution of the uveitis. Conclusion and Importance. Bilateral granulomatous iridocyclitis may be a rare presentation of ocular involvement in patients with early-onset JPsA.

High-Throughput Assessments for Storage Stability, In Vitro Release, and Particle Size of Encapsulated Biocontrol Fungi in Hydrogel Beads.

Use of biocontrol fungi (BF) such as Trichoderma spp. minimizes fungicide input and increases both plant nutrition and protection from disease. Thus, the introduction of BF by novel inoculants in crop management is an excellent strategy to promote sustainable antagonism activity. Within these strategies, encapsulation in polymeric matrices such as hydrogel beads will play a prominent role in providing an effective carrier/protector and long-lasting bioproduct. These studies have used biomaterials with tunable physicochemical features, providing differential morphologies, compaction, and disintegration, among other parameters. Aiming at developing bioproducts within polymeric hydrogel beads, viability of encapsulated conidia, storage stability, release of active ingredient, and particle size are essential. However, there are no reports that detail standardized and comprehensive methods to evaluate the characterization of these bioproducts. We describe step-by-step protocols that go from sample preparation to testing the viability and storage stability using vacuum-sealed aluminum foil bags. We also describe a high-throughput in vitro method for quantifying released fungal conidia of BF at different pH values. Finally, the particle size of beads is established by bright-field microscopy. These protocols could be transferable to other biological actives, accessible to researchers in the microbiology and bioengineering communities. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Viability of encapsulated conidia Basic Protocol 2: Study of stability of prototypes under storage Basic Protocol 3: Release profile of encapsulated conidia at different pH conditions Basic Protocol 4: Determination of capsule size.