[Invasive population establishment of Asian honeybee Apis cerana]. / ä¸œæ–¹èœœèœ‚å ¥ä¾µç¾¤ä½“çš„å»ºç«‹æœºåˆ¶.

Bees, wasps, and ants are among the most highly invasive social insects. Theoretically, the single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD) would hinder the establishment of invasive population with limited founders. Apis cerana has colonized many regions with anthropogenic movement, with devastating effects on the commercial A. mellifera. Here, we summarized the distribution and sex determination mechanism of A. cerana, the recent research results about the invasive A. cerana in Australia, and analyzed how they counteracted the handicap of their sex determination system by the queen's extreme polyandry, worker's reproduction, balancing selection and thelytoky. The knowledge reviewed here could be used as the reference to reveal the establishment mechanism of invasive populations of related social insects.

Safety and Efficacy of a New Smartphone-controlled Vibrating Capsule on Defecation in Beagles.

Constipation, mainly manifesting as abdominal discomfort and painful defecation, is considered as a chronic disorder. Due to a lack of effective therapy, it imposes a significant economic burden and greatly impacts patients' quality of life which prompt searches for new, original approaches. Based on the research of vibrating capsule (VC) carried out by Ron et al., we investigated the safety and efficacy of an innovative, multi-mode VC in terms of its effect on defecation in animal studies. The parameters associated with different operation modes of VCs can be detected and adjusted by smartphone controlled external configuration device (ECD). The results of blood tests, physiological parameters, CT scan and pathological examination showed no significant abnormality, which undoubtedly confirmed the safety of VCs. For efficacy studies, defecation frequency of beagles increased after administration of these capsules without influence on stool characters. Meanwhile, the mean time of capsule evacuation tended to be reduced while showing no significant difference between different modes. In summary, this study elucidates the safety and effectiveness of VC in prompting the passage of gastrointestinal walls thus greatly increasing the defecation frequency. This study innovatively displays the promising application of VC in the treatment of constipation.

Effect of NeuroD gene silencing on the migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1.

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of Lenti-EGFP-NeuroD-miR, RNAi lentiviral expression vector, on the expression level of NeuroD and migration, and invasion of PANC-1 cell line. PANC-1 cells were cultured and cotransfected with Lenti-EGFP-NeuroD-miR and Lenti-GFP. The infection rate of lentivirus was determined by fluorescence. The interfering effection by the expression of NeuroD mRNA in PANC-1 cells was analyzed by real-time PCR after transfected. Biological behavior of PANC-1 cells transinfected was observed, and the migration and invasion were studied by transwell assay. Intrapancreatic allografts model in nude mice was established to observe the effects of NeuroD on tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and invasion in vivo. The expression of NeuroD mRNA decreased significantly after RNAi lentivirus transinfecting PANC-1 cell. The cell's migration and invasion ability decreased obviously as soon as down regulate of NeuroD in PANC-1 cells. Comparing with control group, the tumors were smaller in size and the invasiveness was inhibited after 8 weeks intrapancreatic allografts in nude mice. Lenti-EGFP-NeuroD-miR transfected into PANC-1 cells shows a stable, effective, and especial blocking expression of NeuroD in mRNA level. The RNAi of lentiviral vector target NeuroD can reduce the migration and invasion abilities of PANC-1 cells.