Surface Reconstruction via Molten Chloride Salt for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their high efficiencies that are closely associated with the optimized interface of perovskite (PVK) films. However, during film deposition, tremendous interfacial defects are generated in PVK films, which suppress device performance. Herein, we employ an organic molten chloride salt of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM) on the PVK surface to regulate the interface properties through surface reconstruction by heating to 110 °C, during which DMTMM undergoes an obvious phase transition from a solid to liquid molten salt. The mobile phase coordinates with unsaturated Pb2+ and halide vacancies to heal the structural defects. After the mixture cools to room temperature, a compact DMTMM interlayer is formed to protect PVKs from degradation in the air. Consequently, the DMTMM-treated MAPbI3-based PSCs yield a champion PCE approaching 20% with optimized stability. This molten-salt-assisted surface reconstruction strategy provides a new approach to establish highly stable hybrid perovskite films for high-performance PSCs.

Activating Sirt1 by resveratrol suppresses Nav1.7 expression in DRG through miR-182 and alleviates neuropathic pain in rats.

Neuropathic pain is clinically unsatisfactorily treated because of unclear mechanisms. The present study aims to explore the concrete mechanisms underlying the alleviation of resveratrol-activated silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) to chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain. CCI surgery was conducted to the unilateral sciatic nerve of male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce neuropathic pain experimentally. Resveratrol with or without miR-182 antagomir were administered to CCI rats via intrathecal catheter. Behavioral tests including paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were conducted to explore mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Western blot, qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of Sirt1, miR-182, and Nav1.7 in CCI dorsal root ganglions (DRGs). CCI rats displayed lower PWT and PWL compared with the sham control. Also, the CCI DRGs displayed lower Sirt1 and miR-182 expression as well as higher Nav1.7 expression, which would be almost reversed by resveratrol treatment for 4 successive days. We also found that miR-182 expression inhibition erased the analgesia effect of resveratrol to CCI-induced neuropathic pain possibly through upregulating Nav1.7 expression. In summary, resveratrol alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain, possibly through activating Sirt1 to suppress Nav1.7 expression via upregulating miR-182 expression in CCI DRGs.