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Calcium-containing biochar ï¼ES-BCï¼ was prepared by pyrolyzing eggshell and kitchen wastesï¼ and the ES-BC composite was used to remove phosphate ï¼marked as ES-BC/Pï¼. Based on the high affinity of phosphate and carbonate to leadï¼ the ES-BC/P was then used to remove lead from the water. The results showed thatï¼ in the appropriate dosageï¼ ES-BC/P could remove lead efficiently at different initial concentrations ï¼1-100 mg·L-1ï¼ï¼ and the removal efficiency could reach to 99%. Meanwhileï¼ the release of phosphorus could be ignored after the reaction. As ES-BC/P was alkalineï¼ and the lead-containing solution was weakly acidicï¼ the addition of ES-BC/P could adjust the pH of the system automatically. The reaction kinetics and isotherm experiments showed that the lead removal by ES-BC/P was mainly monolayer chemisorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 493.12 mg·g-1 ï¼318 Kï¼. The characterization results showed that lead was mainly removed through the ion exchanges of Pb2+ in the solution with Ca2+ in ES-BC/P. Thenï¼ the Pb2+ combined with CO32- and PO42- to form many precipitatesï¼ including Pb5ï¼PO4ï¼3OHï¼ Pb10ï¼PO4ï¼6ï¼OHï¼2ï¼ PbCO3ï¼ and Pb3ï¼CO3ï¼2ï¼OHï¼2. In summaryï¼ the ES-BC/P material could achieve the efficient removal of lead from the waterï¼ thereby realizing the resource utilization of the wastes.
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OBJECTIVE: There is no consensus on the role of abnormal uric acid (UA) levels in the prognosis of patients undergoing hemodialysis. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of changes in UA concentration on the risk of all-cause death and cardiac death in such patients. METHOD: In this retrospective cohort study, patients admitted to two hemodialysis centers performing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Wuhan First Hospital and Fourth Hospital Hemodialysis Center from January 1, 2007, to October 31, 2017, were included. RESULTS: In all, 325 patients undergoing MHD aged 59.7 ± 14.7 years, including 195 men (60%), were enrolled, with a median follow-up of 37 months. Serum UA (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the surviving group than in the death group. No significant difference was found in UA variability (. CONCLUSION: Low UA levels were closely related to all-cause mortality in patients undergoing MHD. Although UA levels had no significant effect on cardiac death, they had a good predictive value for long-term prognosis in patients on MHD.
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Fallo Renal Crónico/mortalidad , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Ácido Úrico/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Causas de Muerte , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Fallo Renal Crónico/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Curva ROC , Diálisis Renal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Quyu Chencuo Formula (, QCF) on renal fibrosis in rats with obstructive nephropathy. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups, 4 for sham operation as the control group, 10 for unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model group, and the rest 10 for QCF treating UUO model group. All rats were sacrificed under 3% pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) anesthesia on the 14th day after surgery, then the right kidney samples of rats were harvested for hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining to observe the renal pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to examine the expressions of TGF-ß1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin mRNA. RESULTS: HE and Masson staining showed that the renal interstitial of the rats in the control group had no significant fibrotic lesion; in the model group, there were obvious interstitial fibrosis; for the QCF group, there were epithelial cell necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells, aggravated interstitial fibrosis in varied degrees, but the pathological changes were less in the QCF group than in the model group. The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that the TGF-ß1 expression was increased significantly in the model group, while decreased significantly in the QCF group (P<0.05); RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of α-SMA and TGF-ß1 increased significantly in the model group, while both were significantly decreased in the QCF group compared with the model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of E-cadherin was decreased significantly in the model group, and it was significantly increased in the QCF group as compared with the model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: QCF may improve renal fibrosis by regulating the expressions of TGF-ß1, α-SMA and E-cadherin, and prevent the progress of kidney fibrosis.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Riñón/patología , Actinas/genética , Animales , Cadherinas/genética , Femenino , Fibrosis , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genéticaRESUMEN
The urinary system is the second most commonly affected site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Due to the diverse and atypical clinical manifestations of urinary TB, the disease is easy to misdiagnose. In the present study, two cases of renal TB are reported, which had completely different clinical manifestations. The first case is a female who presented with loin pain and fever. Purified protein derivative (PPD) and TB antibody tests were negative and computed tomography (CT) scans showed a low density focus in the right kidney with an iliopsoas abscess. The typical CT findings indicated renal tuberculosis. Anti-TB drugs were effective proved the diagnosis. The second case is a male who presented with intermittent gross hematuria. Acid-fast bacilli in urine and TB antibody tests were positive. CT scans revealed a low density focus in the unilateral kidney with a slight expansion of the pelvis, calices and ureter. The patients were treated with the anti-TB drugs and the clinical manifestations disappeared. The diagnosis of urinary TB is challenging in certain cases; when there is no response to the usual antibiotics in patients with fever or gross hematuria, TB should be suspected. CT is the mainstay for investigating possible urinary TB.