Deubiquitination of RIPK2 by OTUB2 augments NOD2 signalling and protective effects in intestinal inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, but the molecular mechanisms underlying IBD are incompletely understood. In this study, we explored the role and regulating mechanism of otubain 2 (OTUB2), a deubiquitinating enzyme, in IBD. METHODS: To study the function of OTUB2 in IBD, we generated Otub2-/- mice and treated them with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce experimental colitis. Bone marrow transplantation was performed to identify the cell populations that were affected by OTUB2 in colitis. The molecular mechanism of OTUB2 in signal transduction was studied by various biochemical methods. RESULTS: OTUB2 was highly expressed in colon-infiltrating macrophages in both humans with IBD and mice with DSS-induced experimental colitis. Colitis was significantly aggravated in Otub2-/- mice and bone marrow chimeric mice receiving Otub2-/- bone marrow. OTUB2-deficiency impaired the production of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages in response to the NOD2 agonist muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Upon MDP stimulation, OTUB2 promoted NOD2 signaling by stabilizing RIPK2. Mechanistically, OTUB2 inhibited the proteasomal degradation of RIPK2 by removing K48-linked polyubiquitination on RIPK2, which was mediated by the active C51 residue in OTUB2. In mice, OTUB2 ablation abolished the protective effects of MDP administration in colitis. CONCLUSION: This study identified OTUB2 as a novel regulator of intestinal inflammation.

Hypoxia-induced autophagy inhibits myometrial proliferation in pregnant mice via the mTOR pathway in vitro.

Hypoxia is closely associated with physiological and pathological conditions in the human body, and the myometrium is affected by hypoxic stress during pregnancy and delivery. Autophagy is a catabolic pathway involved in the regulation of apoptosis, proliferation and migration of a variety of cells, which can be activated under hypoxia. However, the mechanism and function of autophagy in uterine smooth muscle cells remained unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of autophagy in pregnant uterine smooth muscle cells (pUSMCs) under hypoxia and the effect of autophagy on myometrial cells proliferation during pregnancy. In this study, primary uterine smooth muscle cells were isolated from mice in late pregnancy and cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions respectively. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3B, P62, mTOR and p-mTOR under different culture conditions. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay. In addition, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was used to inhibit autophagy in hypoxia-treated pUSMCs and MHY1485 was used to activate mTOR. Studies have confirmed that under hypoxic conditions, autophagy is enhanced and cell proliferative viability is reduced in pUSMCs. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA restored cell proliferation inhibited by hypoxia. Furthermore, hypoxia in pUSMCs led to a downregulation of p-mTOR/mTOR levels. The mTOR activator MHY1485 inhibited autophagy by preventing the binding of autophagosomes to lysosomes and reversed the hypoxia-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. Collectively, our results indicate that hypoxia upregulates autophagy through the mTOR pathway in pUSMCs, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation during pregnancy.

The ineffective emotion regulation of deaf college students: an ERP study.

Introduction: Deaf students have more difficulties with emotion regulation due to their hearing loss. They are suffering higher socio-emotional risk than the hearing person. But there are few studies explored the neural mechanisms of impaired emotion regulation in the deaf college students. Methods: Thirty hearing college students and 27 deaf college students completed the emotion regulation task while recording ERP data and subjective emotion intensity. Results: Behavioral results found that deaf college students had higher emotional experience intensity compared to healthy controls. The ERP results showed the deaf college students had lower LPP amplitudes both using reappraisal and suppression strategies. Moreover, the LPP of expression suppression was associated with the increase of depression scores among deaf college students. Discussion: Deaf college students may have impaired emotion regulation so that they are more accustomed to using expression suppression strategies to regulate their negative emotions which lead to high risk to be depression.

YOD1 sustains NOD2-mediated protective signaling in colitis by stabilizing RIPK2.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder causing chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, and its pathophysiological mechanisms are still under investigation. Here, we find that mice deficient of YOD1, a deubiquitinating enzyme, are highly susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The bone marrow transplantation experiment reveals that YOD1 derived from hematopoietic cells inhibits DSS colitis. Moreover, YOD1 exerts its protective role by promoting nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)-mediated physiological inflammation in macrophages. Mechanistically, YOD1 inhibits the proteasomal degradation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) by reducing its K48 polyubiquitination, thereby increasing RIPK2 abundance to enhance NOD2 signaling. Consistently, the protective function of muramyldipeptide, a NOD2 ligand, in experimental colitis is abolished in mice deficient of YOD1. Importantly, YOD1 is upregulated in colon-infiltrating macrophages in patients with colitis. Collectively, this study identifies YOD1 as a novel regulator of colitis.

Bacterial Diversity in Sediments from Lianhuan Lake, Northeast China.

Lake microbiota play a crucial role in geochemical cycles, influencing both energy flow and material production. However, the distribution patterns of bacterial communities in lake sediments remain largely unclear. In this study, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the bacterial structure and diversity in sediments across different locations (six independent lakes) within Lianhuan Lake and analyzed their relationship with environmental factors. Our findings revealed that both the alpha and beta diversity of sediment bacterial communities varied significantly among the six independent lakes. Furthermore, changes between lakes had a significant impact on the relative abundance of bacterial phyla, such as Pseudomonadota and Chloroflexota. The relative abundance of Pseudomonadota was highest in Habuta Lake and lowest in Xihulu Lake, while Chloroflexota abundance was lowest in Habuta Lake and highest in Tiehala Lake. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Luteitalea was highest in Xihulu Lake compared to the other five lakes, whereas the relative abundances of Clostridium, Thiobacillus, and Ilumatobacter were highest in Habuta Lake. Mantel tests and heatmaps revealed that the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota was significantly negatively correlated with pH, while the abundance of Chloroflexota was significantly positively correlated with total phosphorus and total nitrogen in water, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. In conclusion, this study significantly enhances our understanding of bacterial communities in the different lakes within the Lianhuan Lake watershed.

Research Note: Metabolomics revealed the causes of the formation of chicken structural blue earlobes.

The earlobes of chickens exhibit a range of colors, but there has been relatively little research on the formation of structural blue earlobes. Previous results showed that the structural color earlobes were related to the interplay between melanin and collagen in light reflection. To investigate the metabolic differences in these earlobe colors, we conducted nontargeted liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS) for metabolomic sequencing on structural blue (Green and Blue groups) and nonstructural color (Black group) earlobes tissue of Jiangshan black-bone chickens. The content detection in earlobe tissues of different groups shows that there were significant differences in melanin and collagen content between the Black and Green group. The metabolome identified a total of 6,102 mass spectroscopic peaks and ultimately identified 919 annotated metabolites. Variable importance in the projection (VIP) analysis identified the common differential expressed metabolites (DMs) "Tyr Thr Ala Glu" among the 3 groups. By combining those DMs with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in our previous transcriptome data from the same sample, and associated with KEGG pathway analysis, multiple pathways related to melanogenesis and collagen metabolism were enriched across the 3 groups. By analyzing the metabolites and genes in these pathways, as well as the interaction network diagram of DEGs, we identified some key genes, Wnt Family Member 6 (WNT6), Transcription Factor 7 (TCF7), Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II Alpha (CAMK2A), and some key DMs like DG (11M3/9M5/0:0) and gentisic acid. The differential gene expression and metabolic levels affect the production of melanin and collagen, leading to differences in the content in melanin and the thickness of the collagen layer between earlobe colors, while the thickness of the collagen layer could affect light scattering, ultimately resulting in different colored earlobes in Jiangshan black-bone chickens.

Are Deaf College Students More Sensitive to Unfair Information? Evidence from an ERP Study.

To better understand the individual differences in fairness, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the fairness characteristics of deaf college students through the ultimatum game task. Behaviorally, the significant main effect of the proposal type was found, which meant both deaf and hearing college students showed a lower acceptance rate for the more unfair proposal. Interestingly, we found a significant interaction between group and proposal type in the early stage (N1). Moreover, in the deaf college group, N1 (induced by moderately and very unfair proposals) was significantly larger than that of fair proposals. However, we found that deaf college students had smaller amplitudes on P2 and P3 than hearing college students. These results suggested that deaf college students might pursue more equity strongly so they are more sensitive to unfair information in the early stage. In a word, we should provide more fair allocations for deaf college students in our harmonious society.

Research hotspots and trend of glioblastoma immunotherapy: a bibliometric and visual analysis.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the common malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by rapid proliferation, heterogeneity, aggressiveness, proneness to recurrence after surgery, and poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence that tumorigenesis is inextricably linked to immune escape, and immunotherapy is undoubtedly an important complement to clinical treatment options for GBM, and will be a focus and hot topic in GBM treatment research. The purpose of this study was to visualize and analyze the scientific results and research trends of immunotherapy for GBM. Methods: Publications concerning immunotherapy for GBM were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOScc) database. Bibliometric and visual analysis was performed mainly using CiteSpace and R software, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology (https://bibliometric.com/app) for countries/regions, authors, journals, references and keywords related to publications in the field. Results: Among totally 3491 publications retrieved in this field, 1613 publications were finally obtained according to the screening criteria, including 1007 articles (62.43%) and 606 reviews (37.57%). The number of publications increased year by year, with an average growth rate (AGR) of 17.41%. Such a number was the largest in the USA (717, 44.45%), followed by China (283, 17.55%), and the USA showed the strongest international collaboration. Among the research institutions, Duke Univ (94, 5.83%) was the largest publisher in the field, followed by Harvard Med Sch (70, 4.34%). In addition, the most prolific authors in this field were OHN H SAMPSON (51) and MICHAEL LIM (43), and the degree of collaboration (DC) between authors was 98.26%. Among the co-cited authors, STUPP R (805) was the most cited author, followed by REARDON DA (448). The journal with the most published publications was FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (75), and the most cited journal in terms of co-citation was CLIN CANCER RES (1322), followed by CANCER RES (1230). The high-frequency keyword included glioblastoma (672) and immunotherapy (377). Cluster analysis was performed on the basis of keyword co-occurrence analysis, yielding 17 clusters, based on which the current research status and future trends in the field of immunotherapy for GBM were identified. Conclusion: Immunotherapy is currently a novel treatment strategy for GBM that has attracted much attention. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation and exchanges between countries and institutions towards relevant research to promote the development of this field. Immunotherapy is expected to be an important part of the future treatment strategy for GBM, and it has already become a hot spot of current research and will be the key focus of future research.

Comparison of Characteristics Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Severe Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in China.

This study aimed to explore the different characteristics between early-onset severe preeclampsia (ESPE) and late-onset severe preeclampsia (LSPE) to improve pregnancy outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study between January 2016 and December 2021. Eligible hospitalized pregnant women with severe preeclampsia were assigned into the early-onset or late-onset group, depending on the gestational age at the time of severe preeclampsia onset (< or ≥ 34 gestational weeks, respectively). The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, maternal complications, and fetal and neonatal outcomes were recorded and compared between the two groups. A total of 1,238 pregnant women were included, with 525 in the early-onset group and 713 in the late-onset group. The late-onset group had more cases of gestational diabetes, whereas the early-onset group had a higher blood pressure, showed more proteinuria, had more liver and renal damage, exhibited more serious adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, was more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit, and required longer hospital stays (all P < 0.05). In addition, the early-onset group had fewer prenatal care appointments and was more often transferred from a primary or secondary care hospital. The logistic regression analysis showed that a weekly weight gain of > 100 g was a risk factor for ESPE and that fewer prenatal care appointments were a risk factor for ESPE in pregnant women with female fetuses. Moreover, logistic regression analysis indicated that nulliparity and gestational diabetes during the current pregnancy were risk factors for LSPE. In conclusion, compared with the women with LSPE, those with ESPE usually had worse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. More frequent prenatal screening and care should be provided for pregnant women with high-risk factors.

Co-Expression Network Analysis and Introgressive Gene Identification for Fiber Length and Strength Reveal Transcriptional Differences in 15 Cotton Chromosome Substitution Segment Lines and Their Upland and Sea Island Parents.

Fiber length (FL) and strength (FS) are the core indicators for evaluating cotton fiber quality. The corresponding stages of fiber elongation and secondary wall thickening are of great significance in determining FL and FS formation, respectively. QTL mapping and high-throughput sequencing technology have been applied to dissect the molecular mechanism of fiber development. In this study, 15 cotton chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with significant differences in FL and FS, together with their recurrent parental Gossypium hirsutum line CCRI45 and donor parent G. barbadense line Hai1, were chosen to conduct RNA-seq on developing fiber samples at 10 days post anthesis (DPA) and 20 DPA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained via pairwise comparisons among all 24 samples (each one with three biological repeats). A total of 969 DEGs related to FL-high, 1285 DEGs to FS-high, and 997 DEGs to FQ-high were identified. The functional enrichment analyses of them indicated that the GO terms of cell wall structure and ROS, carbohydrate, and phenylpropanoid metabolism were significantly enriched, while the GO terms of glucose and polysaccharide biosynthesis, and brassinosteroid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolism could make great contributions to FL and FS formation, respectively. Weighted gene co-expressed network analyses (WGCNA) were separately conducted for analyzing FL and FS traits, and their corresponding hub DEGs were screened in significantly correlated expression modules, such as EXPA8, XTH, and HMA in the fiber elongation and WRKY, TDT, and RAC-like 2 during secondary wall thickening. An integrated analysis of these hub DEGs with previous QTL identification results successfully identified a total of 33 candidate introgressive DEGs with non-synonymous mutations between the Gh and Gb species. A common DEG encoding receptor-like protein kinase 1 was reported to likely participate in fiber secondary cell thickening regulation by brassionsteroid signaling. Such valuable information was conducive to enlightening the developing mechanism of cotton fiber and also provided an abundant gene pool for further molecular breeding.

Influence of γ-PGA on greenhouse gas emissions and grain yield from paddy rice under different rice varieties.

BACKGROUND: Significant efforts have been devoted to assess the effects of the poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on crop growth, yield and quality, soil water retention and fertilizer use efficiency. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of γ-PGA on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and grain yield from paddy fields with different rice varieties. METHODS: In the present study, a split-plot field experiment was performed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of γ-PGA concentrations (i.e., no application [P0] and 25.0 kg ha-1 of γ-PGA fermentation solution [P1]) and rice varieties (i.e., conventional rice [Huanghuazhan, H], red rice [Gangteyou 8024, R] and black rice [Black indica rice, B]) on the grain yield, GHG emissions, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), net ecosystem economic profit (NEEP) and carbon footprint (CF) during 2022 and 2023 rice-growing seasons in central China. RESULTS: Application of γ-PGA significantly affected the GHGs emissions, NEEP and CF. Compared with P0 treatments, P1 treatments significantly increased the NEEP by 1.2-11.2 %, and decreased the GWP by 12.9-35.4 %, the GHGI by 16.5-35.9 % and the CF by 13.8-26.2 % in 2022-2023. Application of γ-PGA showed a tendency to increase the yield. Under γ-PGA application condition, R treatment exhibited the lowest GWP, GHGI and CF, and the highest yield and NEEP compared with B and H treatments. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that γ-PGA application is an ecological agricultural management to increase rice yield, reduce greenhouse gas emission and increase economic benefit, and its advantage is more significant for red rice than for other rice varieties.

BMA-based Mendelian randomization identifies blood metabolites as causal candidates in pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a prominent determinant of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, is hindered by the absence of efficacious biomarkers for early diagnosis, contributing to suboptimal outcomes. Here, we explored potential causal relationships between blood metabolites and the risk of PIH using Mendelian randomization (MR). We employed a two-sample univariable MR approach to empirically estimate the causal relationships between 249 circulating metabolites and PIH. Inverse variance weighted, MR-egger, weight median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used for causal estimates. The exposure-to-outcome directionality was confirmed with the MR Steiger test. The Bayesian model averaging MR (MR-BMA) method was applied to detect the predominant causal metabolic traits with alignment for pleiotropy effects. In the primary analysis, analyzing 249 metabolites, we identified 25 causally linked to PIH, including 11 lipid-related traits and 6 associated with fatty acid (un)saturation. Importantly, MR-BMA analyses corroborated the total concentration of branched-chain amino acids(total-BCAA) to be the highest rank causal metabolite, followed by leucine (Leu), phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium LDL (M-LDL-PL-pct), and Val (all P < 0.05). The directionality of causality predicted by univariable MR and MR-BMA for these metabolites remained consistent. This study highlights the causal connection between metabolites and PIH risk. It highlighted BCAAs as the strongest causal candidates warranting further investigation. Since PIH typically occurs in the second and third trimesters, extending these findings could inform earlier strategies to reduce its risk. Directed acyclic graph of the MR framework investigating the causal relationship between metabolites and PIH. MR: Mendelian randomization; GIVs: genetic instrument variables; SNPs: single-nucleotide polymorphism; IVW: inverse variance weighted; WM: weighted median; PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension; SM: significant metabolite; MR-BMA: Bayesian model averaging MR.

Mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in ameliorating liver injury induced by cisplatin by regulating IRE-1 signaling pathway. / "扶正益肝"é’ˆç¸ç©´æ–¹åŸºäºŽè‚Œé†‡éœ€æ±‚é ¶1ä¿¡å·é€šè·¯æ”¹å–„é¡ºé“‚è‡´å°é¼ è‚æŸä¼¤çš„æœºåˆ¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the mechanism of the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on improving liver injury in cisplatin (DDP) induced liver injury model mice by observing the changes of inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) -1 signaling pathway. METHODS: Forty KM mice were randomly divided into control, model, acupuncture and moxibustion groups, with 10 mice in each group. The liver injury model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of DDP (10 mg/kg). In the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group, acupuncture and moxibustion were performed at "Dazhui"(GV14), and bilateral "Ganshu"(BL18), "Shenshu" (BL23), and "Zusanli"(ST36), respectively for 6 min, once per day for 7 d. The apoptosis of hepatocytes was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of phosphorylation(p)-IRE-1α, glucose-regulated protein (Grp) 78 and cysteine aspartic protease (Caspase) -12 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. The expression levels of Grp78 and Caspase-12 mRNA in liver tissue were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate of hepatocytes was increased (P<0.05), the positive expression and protein expression of p-IRE-1α, Grp78, and Caspase-12 were increased (P<0.05), the expression levels of Grp78 and Caspase-12 mRNA were increased (P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, all these indicators showed opposite trends (P<0.05) in the acupuncture and moxibustion groups. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture and moxibustion can reduce liver injury due to DDP chemotherapy by modulating IRE-1 signaling pathway, inhibiting the excessive activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reducing liver cell apoptosis.

The effect of cognitive reappraisal on emotion recognition in mothers of children with special needs.

Intrinsic family dynamics are an important factor in the development of children with special needs, and mothers' emotion regulation ability influences children's development to some extent. This study examined the intrinsic mechanism of cognitive reappraisal of emotion regulation strategies affecting the emotion recognition ability of mothers of children with special needs. Results indicated that mothers of children with special needs recognized negative emotions significantly faster than typically developing child mothers. After receiving cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation strategies, they significantly improved emotional recognition of surprise and reduced attention bias towards anger. Overall, mothers of children with special needs may have obvious attention bias towards negative emotions, and cognitive reappraisal can target negative emotions to help them to better improve emotional resilience.

Preoperative pain sensitivity and its correlation with postoperative acute and chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative pain sensitivity (PPS) can be associated with postsurgical pain. However, estimates of this association are scarce. Confirming this correlation is essential to identifying patients at high risk for severe postoperative pain and for developing analgesic strategy. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises PPS and assessed its correlation with postoperative pain. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched up to October 1, 2023, for studies reporting the association between PPS and postsurgical pain. Two authors abstracted estimates of the effect of each method independently. A random-effects model was used to combine data. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the effect of pain types and surgical procedures on outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 70 prospective observational studies were included. A meta-analysis of 50 studies was performed. Postoperative pain was negatively associated with pressure pain threshold (PPT; r=-0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.23 to -0.07]) and electrical pain threshold (EPT; r=-0.28, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.14), but positively correlated with temporal summation of pain (TSP; r=0.21, 95% CI 0.12-0.30) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ; r=0.25, 95% CI 0.13-0.37). Subgroup analysis showed that only TSP was associated with acute and chronic postoperative pain, whereas PPT, EPT, and PSQ were only associated with acute pain. A multilevel (three-level) meta-analysis showed that PSQ was not associated with postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: Lower PPT and EPT, and higher TSP are associated with acute postoperative pain while only TSP is associated with chronic postoperative pain. Patients with abnormal preoperative pain sensitivity should be identified by clinicians to adopt early interventions for effective analgesia. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: PROSPERO (CRD42023465727).

Transcriptome and proteome revealed the differences in 3 colors of earlobe in Jiangshan Black-bone chicken.

The earlobe is a featherless, exposed thickening located beneath the ear canal of chickens, which plays a visual signaling role in age, performance, mental vitality, reproduction, and other aspects. However, despite its importance, there have been few studies on the color differences and formation mechanisms of chicken earlobes, particularly the structurally blue earlobes characteristic of the Jiangshan black-bone chicken. In this study, we explored the physiological mechanisms that may influence the formation of differently colored earlobes using 3 types of earlobes from Jiangshan black-bone chickens: light peacock green (Green group), dark peacock green (Blue group), and dark reddish purple (Black group). All 3 earlobe colors exhibited positive melanin Masson-Fontana staining, and the thickness of collagen fibers in the dermis decreased in the order of Green, Blue, and Black groups. A total of 1,953 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the 3 earlobes through mRNA sequencing, among which the GO term "collagen trimer" was significantly enriched in DEGs between groups. Additionally, 716 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the 3 earlobes using 4D-DIA proteomics, with the term "collagen fibril organization" being significantly enriched in DEPs between the Green and Black groups. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome data revealed that 12 DEGs and DEPs were commonly differentially expressed between the Green and Black groups, including the gene LUM (corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan), which was significantly enriched in the "collagen fibril organization" GO term. In conclusion, our study suggests that LUM plays a crucial role in the formation of peacock green earlobes in Jiangshan black-bone chickens. The high level of LUM in peacock green (Green and Blue groups) may affect collagen nanostructures, leading to a stronger effect of melanin-supported dermal collagen on the production of non-iridescent structural colors through coherent scattering, resulting in a bright structural blue color in Jiangshan black-bone chickens. In contrast, the low expression of LUM in dark reddish purple (Black group) reduces the reflection of non-iridescent structural colors, making the earlobe color appear almost black, similar to melanin.

A family perspective for the mechanism of parent-child conflict on maternal anxiety in Chinese children with autism.

BACKGROUND: Mothers of children with autism reported higher levels of anxiety than mothers of typical children. This study revealed the relationship between parent-child conflict, children's problem behavior, parenting stress, and maternal anxiety from the perspective of the relationship within the family. METHODS: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (CGSQ) were used to measure maternal anxiety and parenting stress respectively from 102 mothers of children with autism. We also collected information on parent-child relationships and children's problem behaviors by using the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). RESULTS: Parent-child conflict positively predicted state and trait anxiety in mothers of children with autism. The severity of children's psychosomatic disorders fully mediated the positive association between parent-child conflict and state-trait anxiety in mothers of children with autism. Parenting stress significantly moderated the impact of parent-child conflict on maternal state anxiety and trait anxiety. CONCLUSION: In the case of children with autism spectrum disorders, parent-child conflict can directly affect maternal anxiety levels, especially when mothers have low levels of parenting stress. Parent-child conflict can also affect children's problem behaviors and thus indirectly affect maternal anxiety. Therefore, this study is of great significance for the alleviation of anxiety of mothers of autistic children and the family intervention for the early rehabilitation of autistic children.

Limit state equation and failure pressure prediction model of pipeline with complex loading.

Assessing failure pressure is critical in determining pipeline integrity. Current research primarily concerns the buckling performance of pressurized pipelines subjected to a bending load or axial compression force, with some also looking at the failure pressure of corroded pipelines. However, there is currently a lack of limit state models for pressurized pipelines with bending moments and axial forces. In this study, based on the unified yield criterion, we propose a limit state equation for steel pipes under various loads. The most common operating loads on buried pipelines are bending moment, internal pressure, and axial force. The proposed limit state equation for intact pipelines is based on a three-dimensional pipeline stress model with complex load coupling. Using failure data, we investigate the applicability of various yield criteria in assessing the failure pressure of pipelines with complex loads. We show that the evaluation model can be effectively used as a theoretical solution for assessing the failure pressure in such circumstances and for selecting appropriate yield criteria based on load condition differences.

Trends in Diagnosed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder in US College Students, 2017-2022.

This cross-sectional study investigates trends in the prevalence of diagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD) among US college students during a period of increased societal stresses and global health crises from 2017 to 2022.

Increased serum interleukin-41 correlates with disease severity in myasthenia gravis.

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by pathogenic antibodies produced by abnormally activated B cells, resulting in neuromuscular junction transmission dysfunction. Interleukin-41 (IL-41) is a novel immunomodulatory cytokine that has been implicated in various metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. The role of IL-41 in MG is still unclear up to now, our study aimed to investigate the level of IL-41 in MG patients and its correlation with clinical features and inflammatory indicators. METHODS: Totally, 60 MG patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Baseline data and laboratory parameters were routinely recorded through electronic medical systems. IL-41 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proportions of T-cell and B-cell subsets and natural killer cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The correlation between serum IL-41 and MG related parameters was investigated, and the clinical value of IL-41 in the diagnosis of MG was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Serum IL-41 levels in MG patients were higher than in HC, and were higher in Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) III + IV group than that in MGFA I + II group. Serum IL-41 was positively correlated with MG-specific activities of daily living scale (MG-ADL), MGFA classification, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and proportion of CD19+ B cells, while it was negatively correlated with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and circulatory plasma cells in MG patients. Serum IL-41 levels increased in patients who were treated with efgartigimod during the first cycle of therapy. However, compared to disease initiation, serum IL-41 levels decreased when clinical features steadily improved. ROC analysis showed that IL-41 had a diagnostic value for MG. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggested that serum IL-41 was increased in MG patients and was positively associated with the severity of the disease. IL-41 may be essential to the immunopathological mechanism of MG and a potential biomarker for MG.