MR Imaging of the Hypermobile Lateral Meniscus of the Knee: A Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: The hypermobile lateral meniscus of the knee is a rarely described entity. In this case report we aim to draw attention to the clinical presentation and MR imaging findings of this pathology. CASE REPORT: We review the clinical and imaging findings that led to the diagnosis of hypermobile lateral meniscus with transient subluxation causing intermittent locking, and which subsequently led to successful surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Hypermobile lateral meniscus is rarely diagnosed prospectively on MR imaging. A better understanding of this uncommon condition will lead to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, with a better outcome for the patient.

Magnetic resonance imaging of painful swollen legs in the emergency department: a pictorial essay.

Patients presenting with a painful swollen leg are not infrequently encountered at the emergency department and can pose a diagnostic dilemma for attending physicians. The potential causes of leg pain and swelling include trauma, infection, inflammation, and neurogenic, vascular, and iatrogenic conditions; with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being an important tool in evaluation. We describe the MRI features of various conditions causing painful swollen legs. We also discuss the differential diagnosis and the useful clinical and laboratory findings that radiologists should be aware of, in order to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic and non-traumatic brachial plexopathies.

Adult-onset brachial plexopathy can be classified into traumatic and non-traumatic aetiologies. Traumatic brachial plexopathies can affect the pre- or postganglionic segments of the plexus. Non-traumatic brachial plexopathies may be due to neoplasia, radiotherapy, thoracic outlet syndrome and idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful to localise the area of injury or disease, and identify the likely cause. This review discusses some of the common causes of adult-onset brachial plexopathy and their imaging features on MRI. We also present a series of cases to illustrate some of these causes and their MRI findings.

'I stand corrected'.

Fibular hemimelia is a rare congenital disorder with partial or complete absence of the fibula. It is usually associated with other osseous and soft tissue abnormalities of the knee joint and lower limb. Here we report an interesting case of fibular hemimelia diagnosed incidentally with characteristic radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging MRI findings in the knee joint and lower limb. The radiologists need to be aware of the typical features and associations of fibular hemimelia so as to be able to guide further orthopaedic management in these patients.

Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with unusual, widespread lung cysts.

A 49-year-old Chinese woman was referred to our hospital for management of multiple lung nodules, which were incidentally detected on routine chest radiography. Chest computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of multiple pulmonary nodules and lung cysts. The lung cysts were located apart from the pulmonary nodules. CT-guided biopsy of the pulmonary nodule specimens confirmed the diagnosis of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis. While cavitation of existing pulmonary amyloid nodules is a well-recognised feature of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis, widespread lung cysts located apart from pulmonary nodules is rare.

Tropical pyomyositis and necrotizing fasciitis.

Pyomyositis is a purulent infection of skeletal muscle that arises from hematogenous spread, usually with abscess formation. Necrotizing fasciitis is a more severe, rapidly progressive infection involving the superficial and deep fascia with necrosis and fluid collections that can be life threatening if left untreated. Both conditions may coexist, and concomitant cellulitis is often seen. A high incidence of these diseases occurs in the tropics, but they are increasingly being seen in temperate countries, due in part to their association with immunodeficiency conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes mellitus, and organ transplantation. This article aims to familiarize physicians with these entities, review their clinical manifestations and imaging features, and highlight the role of imaging in the management of patients with these conditions.