RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Bats are natural reservoirs of coronaviruses (Coronaviridae), which have caused three outbreaks of human disease SARS, MERS and COVID-19 or SARS-2 over the past decade. The purpose of the work is to study the diversity of coronaviruses among bats inhabiting the foothills and mountainous areas of the Republics of Dagestan, Altai and the Kemerovo region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of bat oral swabs and feces were tested for the presence of coronavirus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: It has been shown that the greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), inhabiting the Republic of Dagestan, are carriers of two different coronaviruses. One of the two coronaviruses is a member of the Sarbecovius subgenus of the Betacoronavirus genus, which includes the causative agents of SARS and COVID-19. The second coronavirus is assigned to the Decacovirus subgenus of the Alphacoronavirus genus and is most similar to viruses identified among Rhinolophus spp. from European and Middle Eastern countries. In the Altai Republic and Kemerovo region, coronaviruses belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus, subgenus Pedacovirus, were found in the smooth-nosed bats: Ikonnikov`s bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) and the eastern bat (Myotis petax). The virus from the Altai Republic from M. ikonnikovi is close to viruses from Japan and Korea, as well as viruses from Myotis spp. from European countries. The virus from the Kemerovo region from M. petax groups with coronaviruses from Myotis spp. from Asian countries and is significantly different from coronaviruses previously discovered in the same natural host.
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Quirópteros , Animales , Quirópteros/virología , Siberia/epidemiología , Filogenia , Reservorios de Enfermedades/virología , Coronavirus/genética , Coronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Coronavirus/clasificación , Humanos , Heces/virología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , COVID-19/virología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A new algorithmic approach is proposed for correspondence analysis of different types of data in zoological systematics. The algorithm is tested on actual data. A high degree of correspondence is shown for morphometric and genetic distances in the tested set of species. Two directions of variation in both character spaces have clearly appeared. The first direction discriminates families; the second discriminates orders. The characters responsible for these differences have been revealed. After uniting both distance matrixes, the morphological one and the molecular genetic one, into a single matrix, and displaying the summarized distances between species on a plane, the configuration of species remained principally unchanged. The principal directions of variations were preserved and marked the differences between orders, families, and genera.
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Clasificación/métodos , Modelos Teóricos , Biología Molecular/métodos , Algoritmos , Animales , Muridae/anatomía & histología , Muridae/genéticaRESUMEN
In 2004 June-July collections of mosquito adults and small mammals were carried out in two areas of Novosibirsk Region (forest-steppe and steppe zones), where the West Nile virus (WNV) was for the first time recorded in birds with different migration status in 2002-2004. Seventeen species of mosquitoes were found; significant changes in their species composition and abundance, as compared with latest faunistic studies made in the sixties-seventies of the last century, are revealed. WNV markers (antigen, RNA) are found in small mammals; highly sensitive to the WNV replication mosquito species are also found. These facts allow supposing a possibility of the formation of stable West Nile virus natural foci in the South of Western Siberia, under conditions of forest-steppe and steppe zones.