[Prospects of the use of mobile MRI scanner in medical service of the Armed Forces].

Computed tomography is currently one of the most informative methods of diagnostics of a broad range of injuries and diseases, as well as an effective additional mean for various surgical interventions thank to intraoperative use. In this regard, the question of the necessity of the use of this diagnostic technology in mobile hospitals is one of the current tasks. The article analyses the experience of the use of mobile CT scanners at the medical service of the armed forces of foreign states and provides calculations indicating the necessity of the introduction of mobile CT scanners into the hospital link. The review and classification of mobile CT scanners have allowed to formulate technical requirements for their hardware capabilities, as well as to draw conclusions about the conditions of their effective use.

[Characteristic of combat trauma and treatment of gunshot fractures of long bones of the limbs]. / Kharakteristika boevoi travmy i lechebnye meropriiatiia pri ognestrel'nykh perelomakh dlinnykh kostei konechnostei.

Treatment of the patients with gunshot fractures of extremity long bones is one of the main problems of field surgery. The complex study of medical records obtained from 718 servicemen with gunshot fractures of extremity long bones who participated in counter-terrorist operation in the Republic of Chechnia (1994-1996) allowed to evaluate character and severity of the injuries, content of the treatment measures conducted at the stages of medical evacuation. The peculiarities of fighting trauma were the following: the high frequency of combined (22.5%) and multiple (25.9%) injuries, the high share of multi-fragmentation and splintered (76.4%), intra-articular fractures (17.3%), the primary defects of bones (7.1%) and soft tissues (4.8%), the injuries of main vessels (12.1%) and nerves (18.5%). Owing to the short periods of evacuation to the stage of specialized medical care (up to 18.2 +/- 5.3 h), high share of preserving variant of primary surgical treatment (82.3%); high quality of medical immobilization at the expense of wide introduction of functionally stable external osteosynthesis (51.2% of the casualties) it was possible to improve the treatment results.

[Treatment of servicemen with pelvic injuries at the stage of medical evacuation during local military conflicts (Report II)]. / Lechenie voennosluzhashchikh s povrezhdeniiami taza na étapakh meditsinskoi évakuatsii v sovremennykh lokal'nykh voennykh konfliktakh (Soobshchenie vtoroe).

Basing on the analysis of medical record data obtained from servicemen with pelvic unstable injuries the authors evaluate the results and effectiveness of the used treatment methods and give the recommendations how to improve medical care rendered such category of casualties at the stages of medical evacuation. The analysis of treatment results obtained in the casualties with pelvic unstable injuries shoes high frequency (up to 24.4%) of unsatisfactory results among which not eliminate deformations of pelvic ring (14.3%), disordered walk (20.4%) and painful syndrome (18.8%) prevailed. In the structure of treatment measures during the local armed conflicts in Afghan and Chechnyathe conservative methods of hipbone immobilization (and even in the cases of pelvic unstable injuries) prevailed. Osteosynthesis with external apparatus was used only in 2.1% of the cases. Such treatment tactics resulted in the large number of unsatisfactory anatomical and functional outcomes of medical rehabilitation (46.8%), changes in servicemen fitness category (30.3%) their discharge and disability. To make the treatment of such category of casualties more effective it is necessary to conduct the appropriate surgical stabilization of pelvic fractures at the stage of specialized medical care with the use of modern methods of external and internal osteosynthesis.