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BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer accounts for around 4.6% of cancers deaths worldwide per year. Despite many advances in treatment regimes, the prognosis is still poor. Only 20% of tumors are primarily resectable. Recurrences-both with distant metastasis as well as locoregional-are frequent. For patients with primary nonresectable localized disease or localized recurrences, we offered chemoradiation to achieve local control over a long period of time. We here report our results on combined chemoradiation of pancreatic tumors and local recurrences using proton beam therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report on 25 patients with localized nonresectable pancreatic cancer (15 patients) or local recurrent disease (10 patients). All patients were treated with combined proton radiochemotherapy. Overall survival, progression-free survival, local control, and treatment-related toxicity were analyzed using statistically methods. RESULTS: Median RT dose was 54.0â¯Gy (RBE) for proton irradiation. The toxicity of treatment was acceptable. Four CTCAE grade III and IV adverse events (bone marrow disfunction, gastrointestinal [GI] disorders, stent dislocation, myocardial infarction) were recorded during or directly after the end of radiotherapy; two of them were related to combined chemoradiation (bone marrow disfunction, GI disorders). Six weeks after radiotherapy, one additional grade IV toxicity was reported (ileus, caused by peritoneal carcinomatosis, not treatment related). The median progression-free survival was 5.9 months and median overall survival was 11.0 months. The pretherapy CA199 level was a statistically significant prognostic factor for enhanced overall survival. Local control at 6 months and 12 months were determined to be 86% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combined proton chemoradiation leads to high local control rates. Unfortunately, PFS and OS are driven by distant metastasis and were not improved compared to historical data and reports. With this in mind, enhanced chemotherapeutical regimes, in combination with local irradiation, should be evaluated.
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Enfermedades Gastrointestinales , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Terapia de Protones , Humanos , Gemcitabina , Protones , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Terapia de Protones/métodos , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/etiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver agreement (IOA) on target volume definition for pancreatic cancer (PACA) within the Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy Working Group of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) and to identify the influence of imaging modalities on the definition of the target volumes. METHODS: Two cases of locally advanced PACA and one local recurrence were selected from a large SBRT database. Delineation was based on either a planning 4D CT with or without (w/wo) IV contrast, w/wo PET/CT, and w/wo diagnostic MRI. Novel compared to other studies, a combination of four metrics was used to integrate several aspects of target volume segmentation: the Dice coefficient (DSC), the Hausdorff distance (HD), the probabilistic distance (PBD), and the volumetric similarity (VS). RESULTS: For all three GTVs, the median DSC was 0.75 (range 0.17-0.95), the median HD 15 (range 3.22-67.11) mm, the median PBD 0.33 (range 0.06-4.86), and the median VS was 0.88 (range 0.31-1). For ITVs and PTVs the results were similar. When comparing the imaging modalities for delineation, the best agreement for the GTV was achieved using PET/CT, and for the ITV and PTV using 4D PET/CT, in treatment position with abdominal compression. CONCLUSION: Overall, there was good GTV agreement (DSC). Combined metrics appeared to allow a more valid detection of interobserver variation. For SBRT, either 4D PET/CT or 3D PET/CT in treatment position with abdominal compression leads to better agreement and should be considered as a very useful imaging modality for the definition of treatment volumes in pancreatic SBRT. Contouring does not appear to be the weakest link in the treatment planning chain of SBRT for PACA.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Radiocirugia , Humanos , Radiocirugia/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugía , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The prognosis for glioblastoma patients remains dismal despite intensive research on better treatment options. Molecular and immunohistochemical markers are increasingly being investigated as understanding of their role in disease progression grows. O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation has been shown to have prognostic and therapeutic relevance for glioblastoma patients. Other markers implicated in tumor formation and/or malignancy are p53, Alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor splice variant III (EGFRvIII), and Ki-67, with loss of nuclear ATRX expression and lower Ki-67 index being associated with prolonged survival. For p53 and EGFRvIII the data are contradictory. Our aim was to investigate the markers mentioned above regarding progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) to evaluate their viability as independent prognostic markers for our patient collective. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we collected data on patients undergoing radiotherapy due to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype glioblastoma at a single university hospital between 2014 and 2020. RESULTS: Our findings confirm Ki-67 labeling index ≤â¯20% as an independent prognostic factor for prolonged PFS as well as MGMT promoter methylation for both prolonged PFS and OS, in consideration of age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, chemotherapy treatment, and total radiation dose for PFS as well as additionally sex, resection status, and receipt of treatment for progression or recurrence for OS. Additionally, Ki-67 labeling index ≤â¯20% showed a significant correlation with prolonged OS in univariate analysis. Modification of the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) score to include Ki-67 labeling index resulted in a classification with the possible ability to distinguish long-term-survivors from patients with unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSION: MGMT promoter methylation and Ki-67 labeling index were independent predictors of survival in our collective. We see further studies pooling patient collectives to reach larger patient numbers concerning Ki-67 labeling index as being warranted.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Quimioradioterapia , Metilación de ADN , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/terapia , Humanos , Isocitrato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , O(6)-Metilguanina-ADN Metiltransferasa/genética , O(6)-Metilguanina-ADN Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , O(6)-Metilguanina-ADN Metiltransferasa/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Purpose of this study was to investigate overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma treated with either carbon ion reirradiation or photon reirradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study we evaluated 78 consecutive patients with recurrent IDH (Isocitrate dehydrogenase)-wildtype glioblastoma (38 patients carbon ion re-radiotherapy, 40 patients photon re-radiotherapy) treated with either carbon ion reirradiation or stereotactic photon reirradiation. 45â¯Gy (RBE; 15 fractions) carbon ion reirradiation (CIRT) or 39â¯Gy (13 fractions) photon reirradiation (FSRT) was administered, respectively. Overall survival was investigated with respect to histological, clinical, and epidemiological features. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox statistics were calculated. A propensity score-matched analysis of the FSRT and CIRT groups using variables from a validated prognosis score was carried out. RESULTS: The type of reirradiation (CIRT vs. FSRT) significantly influenced overall survival-8.0 months vs. 6.5 months (univariate: pâ¯= 0.046)-and remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (pâ¯= 0.017). Propensity score-adjusted analysis with CIRT versus FSRT as the dependent variable yielded a significant overall survival advantage for the CIRT group (median OS 8.9 versus 7.2 months, pâ¯= 0.041, 1year survival 29 versus 10%). Adverse events (AE) were evaluated for both subgroups. For the FSRT group no toxicity ≥â¯grade 4 occurred. For the CIRT subgroup no grade 5â¯AE occurred, but 1 patient developed a grade 4 radionecrosis. We encountered 4 grade 3 toxicities. One patient developed a zoster at the trunk, 2 progressed in their paresis, and 1 featured progressive dysesthesia. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, carbon ion treatment is a safe and feasible treatment option for recurrent glioblastoma. Due to the retrospective nature of the study and two different dose levels for CIRT or FSRT, the improved outcome in CIRT reirradiation might be an effect of higher biological impact from carbon ions or a simple dose-escalation effect. This hypothesis needs prospective testing in larger patient cohorts. A prospective phase III randomized trial is in preparation at our center.
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Glioblastoma , Reirradiación , Carbono , Glioblastoma/radioterapia , Humanos , Iones , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Radiotherapy is frequently used in the therapy of lymphoma. Since lymphoma, for example Hodgkin's disease, frequently affect rather young patients, the induction of secondary cancer or other long-term adverse effects after irradiation are important issues to deal with. Especially for mediastinal manifestations numerous organs and substructures at risk play a role. The heart, its coronary vessels and cardiac valves, the lungs, the thyroid and, for female patients, the breast tissue are only the most important organs at risk. In this study we investigated if proton-radiotherapy might reduce the dose delivered to the organs at risk and thus minimize the therapy-associated toxicity. METHODS: In this work we compared the dose delivered to the heart, its coronary vessels and valves, the lungs, the thyroid gland and the breast tissue by different volumetric photon plans and a proton plan, all calculated for a dose of 28.8 Gy (EURO-NET-PHL-C2). Target Volumes have been defined by F18-FDG PET-positive areas, following a modified involved node approach. Data from ten young female patients with mediastinal lymphoma have been evaluated. Three different modern volumetric IMRT (VMAT) photon plans have been benchmarked against each other and against proton-irradiation concepts. For plan-evaluation conformity- and homogeneity-indices have been calculated as suggested in ICRU 83. The target volume coverage as well as the dose to important organs at risk as the heart with its substructures, the lungs, the breast tissue, the thyroid and the spinal cord were calculated and compared. For statistical evaluation mean doses to organs at risk were evaluated by non- parametric Kruskal-Wallis calculations with pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: Proton-plans and three different volumetric photon-plans have been calculated. Proton irradiation results in significant lower doses delivered to organ at risk. The median doses and the mean doses could be decreased while PTV coverage is comparable. As well conformity as homogeneity are slightly better for proton plans. For several organs a risk reduction for secondary malignancies has been calculated using literature data as reference. According to the used data derived from literature especially the secondary breast cancer risk, the secondary lung cancer risk and the risk for ischemic cardiac insults can be reduced significantly by using protons for radiotherapy of mediastinal lymphomas. CONCLUSION: Irradiation with protons for mediastinal Hodgkin-lymphoma results in significant lower doses for almost all organs at risk and is suitable to reduce long term side effects for pediatric and adolescent patients.
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Mama/efectos de la radiación , Corazón/efectos de la radiación , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/radioterapia , Pulmón/efectos de la radiación , Terapia de Protones/métodos , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Glándula Tiroides/efectos de la radiación , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Órganos en Riesgo/efectos de la radiación , Pronóstico , Dosificación RadioterapéuticaRESUMEN
A large spin-dependent and electric field-tunable magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional electron system is a key ingredient for the realization of many novel concepts for spin-based electronic devices. The low magnetoresistance observed during the last few decades in devices with lateral semiconducting transport channels between ferromagnetic source and drain contacts has been the main obstacle for realizing spin field effect transistor proposals. Here, we show both a large two-terminal magnetoresistance in a lateral spin valve device with a two-dimensional channel, with up to 80% resistance change, and tunability of the magnetoresistance by an electric gate. The enhanced magnetoresistance is due to finite electric field effects at the contact interface, which boost spin-to-charge conversion. The gating scheme that we use is based on switching between uni- and bidirectional spin diffusion, without resorting to spin-orbit coupling. Therefore, it can also be employed in materials with low spin-orbit coupling.
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BACKGROUND: Early paediatric dermatosurgery reveals excellent cosmetic results due to high skin elasticity and pronounced capacity to recover from trauma. Furthermore, the size of skin lesions increases during life proportionally to skin growth and therefore early removal is of major importance. Selected local anaesthetics like prilocaine can cause methaemoglobinemia. However, in contrast to general anaesthesia, many other local anaesthetics do not bare any major risks for infants. OBJECTIVE: In this retrospective study, we analysed infants aged less than 7 months receiving tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA) followed by dermatosurgery at our department between 2005 and 2015. The analysis is mainly based on our records. Additional information for a subset of patients was gained by a postoperative survey. METHODS: Ninety-two infants (39 male, 53 female) with a median age of 4.2 months (range: 1.5 months; 6.7 months) were included in this study. Additional postoperative information was available for 33 of the 92 studied patients (35%). RESULTS: Infants were mainly operated for removal of a melanocytic naevus (n = 54), followed by haemangioma (n = 23), naevus sebaceous (n = 6) and other lesions (n = 9). The lesions were located on the scalp or neck (n = 31), on the extremities (n = 31), on the trunk (n = 21), in the face (n = 6) or on the buttocks (n = 3). The median size of excision was 509 mm2 (range: 16 mm2 ; 3600 mm2 ). Primary defect closure was performed by intracutaneous (n = 68) or extracutaneous (n = 24) suture techniques. No side-effects of local anaesthesia were observed in any patient. Postoperative complications include pain (1/33; 3%), wound-healing disorder (1/33; 3%) and visible severe scarring (2/33; 6%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of TLA and dermatosurgery in infants is a suitable outpatient treatment option for small lesions without any major risks or side-effects and the benefit of prolonged postoperative analgesia.
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Anestesia Local/métodos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos , Intervención Médica Temprana , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The high resolution of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) allows in vivo imaging of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP). The field of view of a single CCM image (0.16 mm²) is not sufficient for the reliable morphometric characterisation of the SNP. Therefore we are developing a highly automated mosaicking technique for large-area imaging of the SNP using CCM image sequences. METHODS: In order to acquire an image sequence of a larger area of the SNP, the view direction of the patient is guided by a computer-controlled moving fixation target on a display in front of the non-examined eye. The CCM image sequence is recorded with 30 fps. An online calculated mosaic image allows the medical operator to observe the acquisition process and assess the quality and size of the resulting image during the CCM recording process. Remaining image artefacts are corrected in an automated post-processing step. RESULTS: Using a first prototype system and an appropriate fixation target trajectory, a mean growth of the covered SNP area of 0.18 mm²/s could be achieved. CONCLUSION: Using the presented technology, large-area images of the SNP can be generated. The technology is characterized by a high degree of automation and short examination times.
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Córnea/citología , Córnea/inervación , Movimientos Oculares/fisiología , Microscopía Confocal/métodos , Fibras Nerviosas/ultraestructura , Oftalmoscopía/métodos , Córnea/fisiología , Diseño de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de Equipo , Humanos , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/instrumentación , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Microscopía Confocal/instrumentación , Fibras Nerviosas/fisiología , Oftalmoscopios , Posicionamiento del Paciente/instrumentación , Posicionamiento del Paciente/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Among non-small cell lung carcinomas, adenocarcinomas are historically the first histological sub-group for which necessary and sufficient mutations driving to cancer can be targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with locally advanced or metastatic forms. In 2013, targeted therapies with a marketing authorization in thoracic oncology are indicated in patients whose tumor has an EGFR-positive or ALK-positive status. Biomarkers KRAS, BRAF, HER2, PI3K, and MET can account for resistance mechanisms to these treatments and are themselves subject to development of new therapeutic inhibitors. Because the systematic detection (or in the process of being) of these biomarkers has become in the last three years an essential task for pathologists and biologists working in hospital platforms of molecular genetics of cancer supported by INCa, this article aims to describe the physiological and pathophysiological role of the main predictive biomarkers of response to targeted therapies indicated in lung adenocarcinomas.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Torácicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinasa de Linfoma Anaplásico , Receptores ErbB/análisis , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/análisis , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/análisis , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/análisis , Proteínas ras/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) allows the in vivo analysis of nerve structures of the human cornea. In this way, pathological alterations of the peripheral nervous system that also affect the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) can be diagnosed non-invasively and possibly earlier than with other methods. The field of view of in vivo CLSM images of the cornea (ca. 0.4â×â0.4âmm²) is not sufficient for a reliable assessment. Two phenomena make the image assessment difficult: the presence of ridge-like tissue deformations in the neighbourhood of the SNP and image distortions that are induced by involuntary and unavoidable eye movements during image acquisition. This paper presents an image processing method for generating undistorted images of the SNP with an extended field of view. METHODS: The presented method has been tested on five volunteers. Eight focus image stacks have been taken and processed from each subject using a Heidelberg Retina Tomograph with Rostock Cornea Module (HRT). An image registration scheme specifically adapted to the image acquisition system corrects the non-linear motion-induced image distortions and reconstructs a volume from each focus image stack. The epithelial basal boundary surface including the SNP appears as a distinctive hyper-reflective layer inside the reconstructed volume. Extracting this continuous layer generates a depth map and finally a two-dimensional image of the SNP. A final fusion step of the single reconstructed SNP images leads to laterally extended images. RESULTS: Out of 40 focus image stacks, 34 have been fully processed into two-dimensional SNP reconstruction images. Six focus image stacks could not be transformed into volumes because of extremely fast eye movements during the image acquisition that prevented the complete image registration of the stacks. The 34 SNP reconstruction images depict an average area of 94.7â% (â±â6.2â%) with respect to the field of view of a single HRT image. The final fusion of the reconstructed images resulted in an average increase of the image area by a factor of 2.6 (ranging from 2.2 to 3.1). CONCLUSION: The presented image processing algorithms are capable of correcting the motion-induced image distortions and of generating larger two-dimensional images of the SNP even in presence of severe tissue deformations. These images provide the basis for a more reliable assessment of the corneal nerve fibres.
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Córnea/citología , Córnea/inervación , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Microscopía Confocal/métodos , Nervio Oftálmico/citología , Oftalmoscopía/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated diseases is leading to substantial health and socio-economic problems in industrialized countries. The Commission of the European Community indicates that workplaces are a setting that has a strong potential for health promotion and disease prevention. Against this background the department of occupational medicine and health protection of the BASF Aktiengesellschaft initiated a health promotion campaign "Trim down the pounds--Losing weight without losing your mind" on the prevention of overweight and obesity at the workplace. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The target group included all overweight and obese employees among the 34,000 employees at the BASF site in Ludwigshafen. Overweight and obese employees should reduce weight (either in lowering their body mass index (BMI) by 2 points or by reducing their BMI to less than 25 kg/m2) over a period of nine months assisted by a health promotion programme and normal-weight colleagues (weight-loss helpers). All participants were monitored by occupational physicians, this was also to detect obesity-related diseases. A prize money of euro 10,000 for successful participants and their weight-loss helpers was drawn by lot. RESULTS: A total of 2,062 employees took part in the health promotion campaign (1,313 overweight and obese employees and 749 weight-loss helpers). 708 overweight participants attended the weight-control measurement after nine months, 658 people had succeeded in reducing their body weight, 440 of them had lowered their BMI by more than 2 points. 83% of those attending the weight-control measurement had a weight-loss helper. Medical benefits were shown by improvement of laboratory parameters and detection of obesity-related diseases. CONCLUSION: The health promotion campaign "Trim down the pounds" demonstrated that the workplace is a promising focal point for conducting prevention programmes based on the proximity of occupational medical services to the employee. Prevention of overweight and obesity in the workplace is possible by promoting healthy diets in workplace-canteens and physical activity programs like "walking in the lunch break". These programs are substantially strengthened by occupational medical activities in detecting obesity-related diseases. Health promotion at the workplace can be viewed as a benefit to employee and employer alike with employers benefiting from a reduction of lost productivity costs.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Salud Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sobrepeso , Prevalencia , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The annual incidence of colorectal cancer in Germany is estimated at 27000 in men and 30000 in women. If the diagnosis is made early the cure rate is over 90%. Against this background the department of occupational medicine and health protection of the BASF Aktiengesellschaft initiated a study on the potential prevention of colorectal cancer among the staff at its Ludwigshafen site. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The target group included all 13265 actively working employees aged 45 years or above. Those expressing interest were given a standardized questionnaire concerning risk factors for colorectal cancer and a test for occult fecal blood (FOBT). If the test was positive and/or a positive answer was given to the question on blood in the stool or on a positive family history, coloscopy - to be arranged via the general practitioner - was advised, in line with the recommendations of the German Society of Digestive and Metabolic diseases (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen). RESULTS: At the end of the study 3732 employees (337 women, 3395 men, mean age 52 years) had completed the questionnaire and the FOBT results were available. Coloscopy was recommended to 688 employees, 323 of whom (47%) underwent the investigation. Nine of the subjects already had manifest cancer, six of them in the early stage T1 or T2. Adenomatous polyps were found in an additional 61 and subsequently excised. Cost-benefit considerations at the company level or in the area of the health system, respectively, gave favourable ratios of 1:10 and 1:14. CONCLUSION: It requires considerable expenditure to increase the number of participants in the cancer prevention programme and obtain a consequent clarification of suspicious findings. Health care within a company is a valuable complementation in Germany of medical care provided by general practitioners or specialist, if close cooperation between practitioners in the given region is assured. Initiatives like the one presented here protect people personally affected against pain and distress and are also of economic value.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/métodos , Pólipos Adenomatosos/diagnóstico , Pólipos Adenomatosos/cirugía , Pólipos del Colon/diagnóstico , Pólipos del Colon/cirugía , Colonoscopía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/economía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Femenino , Alemania , Humanos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/economía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sangre Oculta , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/economía , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this observational study in patients with chronic hepatitis C and treated with interferon alpha-2a was to assess 1) monitoring in everyday practice, 2) the acceptability of treatment and 3) the intensity of fatigue. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty four patients were enrolled by physicians in both teaching and general hospitals, or private practice. Before treatment, clinical, epidemiological, and virological data were collected as well as a self-evaluation of fatigue using a visual analogic scale. Clinical follow-up was assessed every 3 months during treatment and 6 months after the end of treatment and included an evaluation of fatigue and the number of workdays missed due to sickness. RESULTS: Two hundred and nineteen men and 135 women, mean age 45 +/- 13, were included. The epidemiological, histological and virological features of this group were similar to those patients usually treated for chronic hepatitis C. Before treatment, the mean measurement of fatigue was 41 on a scale from 0 (perfect form) to 100 (exhausted). Fatigue was unrelated to age, source of infection, biological activity, or histological score. It worsened in patients who stopped interferon after 3 or 6 months, but was stable in patients who continued treatment for 12 months. Fatigue decreased after the end of treatment and was unrelated to treatment response. The need to stop work was strongly related to the intensity of fatigue and the number of workdays missed due to sickness represented nearly two months out of three in 25% of active patients during the first quarter and in 15% of patients thereafter. 61% of patients self-injected interferon (mainly previous drug users) whereas 30% of patients used nurse care throughout treatment. CONCLUSION: This study not only provides a realistic evaluation of fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C, before, during and after treatment, but also highlights its social and economic consequences. It shows the need for further cost-effectiveness studies on new therapeutic strategies using combined treatments.
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Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Astenia/etiología , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Interferón-alfa/uso terapéutico , Absentismo , Adulto , Astenia/economía , Astenia/terapia , Estudios de Cohortes , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Humanos , Interferón alfa-2 , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMEN
An in-house sensitive and easy-to-use solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was adapted for the detection and quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) PreS1 envelope antigen in serum, and compared with the HBV DNA Hybrid Capturetrade mark system from Murex and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Amplicortrade mark HBV Monitor assay from Roche. Twenty-five patients with chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation were included in this study. The sensitivity of our ELISA was found to be 50 pg of HBsAg/PreS1Ag ml-1. The linearity was between 0.1 and 100 ng ml-1. Intra-assay reproducibility was obtained with a standard deviation of <1%. No correlation between the presence of serum PreS1 antigen and viral DNA detected by direct hybridization (Murex) was observed. In contrast, there was a significant 96% correspondence in the presence of PreS1 antigen and viral DNA detected and quantified by the PCR assay (Roche). In conclusion, the most important and reliable markers for monitoring residual HBV replication in serum were HBV DNA by the PCR assay, and virus envelope PreS1Ag by our in-house ELISA. Thus, PreS1Ag disappearance in serum could be used for evaluating the efficacy of antiviral therapies.
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ADN Viral/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis B Crónica/virología , Precursores de Proteínas/sangre , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis B/fisiología , Humanos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
We have developed a gene trap approach to select specific cytokine receptor/ligand responsive genes in the cell line TF-1. This cell line exhibits a dependency on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) and responds to interleukin-5 (IL-5). In an attempt to detect genes modulated by one of these factors, cells were infected with the Rosabetageo retrovirus in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 and clones were selected for retroviral integration on the basis of G418 resistance. Housekeeping and cytokine-regulated trapped genes were then differentiated on the basis of G418 resistance versus sensitivity in the presence of the different cytokines. To determine the reliability of this screen, DNA sequences upstream of the proviral integration site were identified by 5' rapid amplification of DNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE PCR) from selected GM-CSF-treated and -infected clones. Comparison of the sequences with those in the Genbank database revealed that 2 sequences correspond to known genes: NACA and RBM3. NACA was recently defined as a coactivator of c-jun-mediated transcription factors in osteoblasts, and RBM3 as a protein from the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family. Data from transcriptional analysis of these 2 genes in TF-1 cells showed a specific up-regulation by GM-CSF. Both transcripts were also found to be up-regulated in purified CD34(+) cells, suggesting their involvement in proliferative processes during hematopoiesis. Interestingly, down-regulation was observed during monocytic differentiation of TF-1 cells, suggesting their extinction could contribute to monocytic lineage development. This study demonstrates that this gene trap approach is a useful method for identifying novel, specific cytokine-responsive genes that are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis. (Blood. 2000;95:3750-3757)
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Citocinas/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/farmacología , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/fisiología , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Adulto , Antígenos CD34/sangre , Secuencia de Bases , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Dactinomicina/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Vectores Genéticos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Humanos , Linfoma no Hodgkin/sangre , Linfoma no Hodgkin/patología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes , Retroviridae , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Transfección , Integración ViralRESUMEN
Until now it was assumed that the murine poliovirus (PV) receptor homolog gene (MPH) had been identified. Alternative splicing of MPH transcripts generates two glycoproteins named MPH alpha and MPH beta which share an identical N-terminal region composed of three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and different C-terminal regions. Using a degenerate PCR strategy, we describe the identification of a second human PVR-related gene (PRR2), which encodes two glycoproteins, PRR2 alpha (short form) and PRR2 delta (long form). They present 69 and 73% identity with MPH alpha and MPH beta, respectively. In contrast, the human PVR protein exhibits 51% identity which is moreover restricted to the three Ig domains of the murine protein. We therefore propose that PRR2, and not PVR, is the true human homolog of MPH. In addition, Northern blot analysis showed that two mRNA isoforms of 3.0 kb (PRR2 alpha) and 4.4 kb (PRR2 delta) are ubiquitously found in various normal human tissues. In situ hybridization allowed us to map PRR2 to the 19q13.2-q13.4 bands of the human genome, in the same chromosomal region as PVR.
Asunto(s)
Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral , Receptores Virales/genética , Empalme Alternativo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Evolución Biológica , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Humanos Par 19/genética , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario/genética , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Familia de Multigenes/genética , Nectinas , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Miembro 14 de Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Complete hematologic and cytogenetic responses can be obtained with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in 15-25% of the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In these patients, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be used to evaluate minimal residual disease. We studied 12 patients who remained Philadelphia-negative for a median period of 21 months on IFN-alpha therapy. Using RT-PCR, the specific transcript was found in all bone marrow (BM) samples. Ten patients still exhibiting a persistent residual clone remained in cytogenetic remission for a median period of 14 months. As we observed a dissociation between bcr-abl expression in BM and peripheral blood (PB) cells, and given the known fluctuations of the bcr-abl PCR results, we suggest that PB negative results should be confirmed on BM specimens. Alternatively, it remains to be demonstrated whether longitudinal monitoring of residual disease would benefit from quantitative PCR or double fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/biosíntesis , Interferón-alfa/uso terapéutico , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/terapia , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Adulto , Autorradiografía , Secuencia de Bases , Médula Ósea/química , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/análisis , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/genética , Humanos , Interferón alfa-2 , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Mensajero/análisis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes , Inducción de RemisiónRESUMEN
The human poliovirus (PV) receptor (PVR) is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily with unknown cellular function. We have isolated a human PVR-related (PRR) cDNA. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of PRR showed, in the extracellular region, 51.7 and 54.3% similarity with human PVR and with the murine PVR homolog, respectively. The cDNA coding sequence is 1.6-kb long and encodes a deduced 57-kDa protein; this protein has a structural organization analogous to that of PVR, that is, one V- and two C-set Ig domains, with a conserved number of aa. Northern blot analysis indicated that a major 5.9-kb transcript is present in all normal human tissues tested. In situ hybridization showed that the PRR gene is located at bands q23-q24 of human chromosome 11.