Insight in first episode psychosis. Conceptual and clinical considerations

Background and Objectives: Poor insight or impaired awareness of illness is a very common feature in psychosis. The purpose of this study is to review critically the conceptual approximations from different perspectives to insight in psychosis and address its relations to other clinical and psychopathological variables. Methods: We reviewed the principal factors that have been proposed to contribute to deficient insight in first episode psychosis patients from different conceptual frameworks, defence mechanisms or coping styles, structural or volumetric brain associations, cognitive deficits, and severity of clinical symptoms. Results: This review of literature suggests that insight is a complex mental faculty heavily influenced by additional factors, such as social and cultural aspects, among others. Results also show the correlates of insight in first episode psychosis and treatment adherence in the course of the illness, although it is not stable over time. In fact, adequate level of insight is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for an adequate adherence (AU)

Controversias en torno al tiempo de psicosis no tratada como variable pronóstica independiente del curso evolutivo de las psicosis esquizofrénicas / Controversies about duration of untreated psychosis as independent prognostic variable of the evolutive course of schizophrenic psychoses

El objetivo del presente trabajo es detallar aquellos aspectos, a nuestro entender más relevantes, extraídos de la creciente literatura sobre el tiempo de psicosis no tratada (DUP), incidiendo sobre dos aspectos nucleares y objeto de una creciente controversia, como son: a) aquellas razones que a lo largo de la última década han llevado a catapultar el DUP a la primera plana de la investigación en el terreno de los primeros episodios psicóticos, y b) el papel último del DUP a la hora de vertebrar el diseño y las diferentes estrategias de actuación en los programas de intervención precoz sobre las psicosis. Se aportan datos correspondientes a la evaluación del DUP, como variable pronóstica independiente, en una muestra de 231 pacientes, con un diagnóstico de trastorno esquizofrénico y/o trastorno esquizofreniforme (criterios DSM-IV) y un seguimiento de 24 meses. La conclusión final es que el DUP funciona más como un marcador de riesgo que como una variable pronóstica independiente, determinante del curso evolutivo de las psicosis esquizofrénicas. En este sentido su papel dentro de los programas de intervención precoz en las psicosis debería revisarse

This study reviews recent literature on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its most relevant characteristics and controversial issues, such as: a) why DUP has been pointed out as a main variable in first-episode psychosis research, and b) the role of DUP in designing intervention programs for the design and different action strategies in early intervention programs in psychoses. The authors also present data from a 2 year follow-up study of 231 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or schizophreniform disorder (according to DSM-IV criteria). Results are included, analyzing DUP as prognostic factor for clinical outcome. Our conclusions suggest that DUP is a risk marker but not an independent prognostic factor determining follow-up in schizophrenic psychoses. Therefore, DUP's role in early intervention programs should be redefined