RESUMEN
In this study, the electrocatalytic activity of Ni-Se electrode synthesized on nickel foam by pulse electrodeposition was optimized through the design of experiments (DOE) approach using the response surface methodology (RSM) for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. The frequency (f), duty cycle (dc), current density (i), and electrodeposition time (sum of tons) were chosen as the parameters of the pulse electrodeposition method. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed on the responses of the designed experiments that included the required overpotential at the current density of 10 mA/cm2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (η10,HER and η10,OER), active surface area (Rf) and intrinsic electrocatalytic activity (i/Rf). The results indicated that η10,HER, η10,OER, and Rf are mainly influenced by duty cycle and electrodeposition time, while i/Rf is affected by frequency and time. The optimized NiSe2 electrode synthesized under optimal conditions of pulse electrodeposition (low duty cycle and prolonged electrodeposition time) showed the most desirable values for η10,HER, η10,OER, and Rf, equal to 44 mV (vs. RHE), 235 mV (vs. RHE) and 14700, respectively. The nanostructured NiSe2 demonstrated the highest potential in the bifunctional application of OER and HER.
Asunto(s)
Hidrógeno , Níquel , Electrodos , Galvanoplastia , OxígenoRESUMEN
The bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) tumor suppressor encodes multiple alternatively spliced isoforms implicated in DNA repair, cell-cycle control, apoptosis and membrane dynamics. BIN1 attenuation has been reported in several solid tumors; however, the role of BIN1 in lymphomagenesis remains unexplored. We recently demonstrated that BIN1 transcript levels are significantly downregulated in CD4(+)CD7(-) Sezary cells from patients with Sezary syndrome (SS), a subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We have now demonstrated that restored BIN1 expression in CTCL cells leads to a significant reduction in cell proliferation, an increase in spontaneous and Fas/Fas ligand (Fas/FasL)-induced apoptosis in vitro and inhibition of tumorigenic activity of CTCL cells in vivo. Interestingly, restoration of BIN1 expression in CTCL cells downregulates the expression of c-FLIP, an important inhibitor of Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis, and activates the caspase cascade; these phenotypes can be rescued by knockdown of BIN1. Importantly, significantly reduced BIN1 expression and increased c-FLIP expression are observed in primary CTCL patient samples, and high BIN1 and low c-FLIP mRNA levels correlate with better survival rate in SS patients. These results indicate that BIN1 regulates Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis through c-FLIP and that BIN1 deficiency may have an important role in CTCL pathogenesis by causing apoptosis resistance. Thus BIN1 and c-FLIP represent potential therapeutic targets in CTCL.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proteína Reguladora de Apoptosis Similar a CASP8 y FADD/metabolismo , Proteína Ligando Fas/metabolismo , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Receptor fas/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Animales , Apoptosis , Western Blotting , Proteína Reguladora de Apoptosis Similar a CASP8 y FADD/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ciclo Celular , Proliferación Celular , Proteína Ligando Fas/genética , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/genética , Linfoma Cutáneo de Células T/mortalidad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/mortalidad , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Receptor fas/genéticaRESUMEN
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is an important cause of work disability. There is controversy over the relation between carpal tunnel syndrome and occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the time-span of practicing dentistry and the role of dominant hands in the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 40 dentists and dental students (15 women and 25 men) undertook the electroneuro-diagnostic test in both hands by an electromyogram (EMG) and they were also evaluated in terms of self- reported clinical symptoms. RESULTS: 17.5% of participants were diagnosed to have decreased nerve conduction velocity while10% had reported clinical symptoms of CTS. Both dominant and non-dominant hands were involved. Within cases who were diagnosed as having median nerve neuropathy, 87.5% worked more than 20 hours per week. 57% had 17-23 years of dental practice experience and 14.2% of cases had10-16 years of practice in dentistry. CONCLUSION: The high rate of CTS symptoms, in both dominant and non-dominant hand among dental practitioners with more years of dental practice, indicates a prequisite for particular attention, then sufficient education on the major risk factors causing this problem. Early diagnosis of these symptoms may improve the future management of the disease.
RESUMEN
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an important cause of renal failure in dogs. Aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin, can produce nephrotoxicity in dogs, due to in part to an imbalance of pro- and antioxidants (oxidative stress). Silymarin (the mixture of flavonolignans extracted from Silybum marianum) has potentially beneficial antioxidant properties. A control group (saline, group 1, n = 5) was compared with dogs that were administrated gentamicin by intramuscular injection, at dosage of 20 mg/kg, once daily for 9 days (groups 2-5, n = 5 per group). The effects of vitamin E (group 3) and silymarin (group 4) alone and in combination (group 5) were compared for induced nephrotoxicity. Renal function was assessed using serum biochemical markers (creatinine and urea). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured as a marker of lipid peroxidation. The activity of total serum antioxidants (TSAO) was assessed as a marker of antioxidant defences. Serum creatinine and urea concentrations were increased significantly and TSAO was decreased significantly in group 2 compared with group 1. Serum creatinine concentrations but not urea concentrations were significantly lower in groups 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P = 0.001). Serum MDA concentrations was significantly different between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.01), 2 and 4 (P < 0.001) and 4 and 5 (P = 0.01). TSAO activity was significantly in group 4 (silymarin) than in group 2 (P = 0.002). Silymarin and vitamin E decreased gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/prevención & control , Enfermedades Renales/veterinaria , Fitoterapia , Sustancias Protectoras/uso terapéutico , Silybum marianum , Silimarina/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antibacterianos , Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Creatinina/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/inducido químicamente , Perros , Quimioterapia Combinada , Gentamicinas , Inyecciones Intramusculares/veterinaria , Enfermedades Renales/prevención & control , Malondialdehído/sangre , Sustancias Protectoras/administración & dosificación , Silimarina/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of women's subjective definitions of wife abuse and of their general attitudes to acceptance of male dominance on the occurrence of domestic violence. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control survey was conducted in the public health center of Babol University of Medical Sciences from November 2002 to October 2003. The Abuse Assessment Screen Form was used to identify partner violence, and the Abuse Definition Form and Abuse Attitude Form were applied to measure how the women defined wife abuse and their attitudes to male dominance. RESULTS: Women with positive attitudes to male dominance had experienced more physical and emotional abuse than those with negative attitudes toward male dominance (p < 0.05). Although living in villages, low level of education, female unemployment, and low family income were important risk factors for domestic violence, the strongest predictor of physical abuse was a positive attitude to male dominance. DISCUSSION: A positive attitude of women to male dominance increases the acceptance and frequency of partner violence. This finding shows the need to raise the educational levels of women and raise their awareness of their rights. This could convert an attitude of male dominance to equality of men and women.
Asunto(s)
Mujeres Maltratadas/psicología , Violencia Doméstica/psicología , Predominio Social , Maltrato Conyugal/psicología , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cultura , Violencia Doméstica/etnología , Femenino , Identidad de Género , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Masculino , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Maltrato Conyugal/etnologíaRESUMEN
To determine the prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence, 2400 married women attending public clinics in Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran, were screened for domestic violence. Overall, 15.0% of women had suffered physical abuse from their husbands in the previous year, 42.4% sexual abuse and 81.5% various degrees of psychological abuse. A significant association with intimate partner violence was found for women with low income, age < or = 20 years, unemployed, low education, non-pregnant and non-houseowners. There was no significant relationship between violence and parity or length of marriage. On multivariate regression, the strongest predictor of physical abuse was unemployment of the woman, whereas for psychological and sexual abuse it was rural residence. Empowering women through promoting employment and improving education may reduce the risk of intimate partner violence.
Asunto(s)
Maltrato Conyugal/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Escolaridad , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Vivienda/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Tamizaje Masivo , Análisis Multivariante , Propiedad/estadística & datos numéricos , Paridad , Vigilancia de la Población , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Análisis de Regresión , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Maltrato Conyugal/diagnóstico , Maltrato Conyugal/prevención & control , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
To determine the prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence, 2400 married women attending public clinics in Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran, were screened for domestic violence. Overall, 15.0% of women had suffered physical abuse from their husbands in the previous year, 42.4% sexual abuse and 81.5% various degrees of psychological abuse. A significant association with intimate partner violence was found for women with low income, age </= 20 years, unemployed, low education, non-pregnant and non-houseowners. There was no significant relationship between violence and parity or length of marriage. On multivariate regression, the strongest predictor of physical abuse was unemployment of the woman, whereas for psychological and sexual abuse it was rural residence. Empowering women through promoting employment and improving education may reduce the risk of intimate partner violence