RESUMEN
A high rate of recurrence has been described in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome renal transplant recipients, favored by certain immunosuppressant drugs that can induce complement activation. We present four case series in which three patients were diagnosed pretransplantation and a fourth who had onset in the very early post-transplantation period. The patients received different immunosuppression schedules, and all had improvement after more than 2-years. We suggest the need to stratify the risk of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome recurrence using genetic studies and the available drugs as the main factors that allow graft survival improvement today.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Hemolítico Urémico Atípico/inmunología , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Síndrome Hemolítico Urémico Atípico/cirugía , Activación de Complemento , Femenino , Supervivencia de Injerto/inmunología , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/métodos , Riñón/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Diálisis Peritoneal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Cateterismo/clasificación , Comorbilidad , Nefropatías Diabéticas/mortalidad , Nefropatías Diabéticas/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/epidemiología , Trasplante de Riñón , Tablas de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pacientes Desistentes del Tratamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Selección de Paciente , Diálisis Peritoneal/efectos adversos , Diálisis Peritoneal/instrumentación , Diálisis Peritoneal/métodos , Peritonitis/etiología , Sistema de Registros/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Listas de EsperaRESUMEN
The acute renal failure is a grave pathology, of rapid establishment and relatively frequent in the hospital environment. We can describe three etiological groupS, which are responsible for it, amongst which are emphasized the pre-renal reasons. The obstructive pathology, of minor incidence, increases with the age. It is described the case of a 67-yr-old patient who was admitted in the Nephrology Service because of abrupt decline of the renal function. Among the initial symptoms, he presented arterial hypertension (190/90) and preserved diuresis. Blood analysis: urea 199 mg/dl, creatinine 7.7 mg/dl, without proteinuria. Sonography reported a bilateral ureteral hydronephrosis with simple cyst of possible ischemic origin. In view of the absence of previous biochemical data of renal failure, we considered possible reasons which start with an acute pattern. In initial evaluation, pre-renal etiology was not seen (high blood pressure, right cardiac systole function). The absence of prostatic syndrome and sonography discovery did not justify a diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction. Finally, abdominal-pelvic scan showed a periaortic retroperitoneal mass which included both ureters and appeared to trigger the obstruction. Combined efforts were pursued with the Urology Service, which implanted a bilateral "double J" catheter and later operated surgically on the patient, carrying out an alternating ureterolysis of both ureters. The biopsy manifested a retroperitoneal fibrosis, and the renogram showed a residual renal function of 20% in the right kidney and 80% in the left kidney. Due to the failure of the previous measures and as a last therapeutic recourse when one year had passed from the diagnosis, a continuous regimen with tamoxifen (anti-estrogen drug) in dose of 20 mg/dl each 12 hours was started, which began a progressive remission in the size of the observed mass by scan (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). The treatment was completed during 12 months and in this time, the levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were reduced gradually too. Finally, at the end of the treatment, the magnetic resonance demonstrate the complete disappearance of the fibrosis.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Fibrosis Retroperitoneal/complicaciones , Lesión Renal Aguda/sangre , Anciano , Humanos , Hidronefrosis/complicaciones , Hidronefrosis/cirugía , Enfermedades Renales Quísticas/complicaciones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Fibrosis Retroperitoneal/diagnóstico , Fibrosis Retroperitoneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrosis Retroperitoneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Stents , Tamoxifeno/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Uréter/cirugía , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/complicacionesRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapéutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Nefritis Lúpica/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Micofenólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Importance of the problem. Atypical or precocious presentation of acute appendicitis in children causes false diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To determine internal and external validity of ultrasonography for confirmation diagnosis of acute appendicitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with suspicious acute appendicitis treated in 1998. They have been classified into two groups. Group 1: patients with appendicitis; Group 2: patients with non-specific abdominal pain. MATERIAL: Ultrasonography equipment (5 and 7.5 MHz). METHOD: Ultrasonography has been considered as positive when 3 or more of the typical signs of appendicitis have been detected. Analysis unit: positivity of the test and presence or absence of illness confirmed by histologic analysis of the appendix obtained through laparotomy. RESULTS: Number of patients selected for the work: 139. Middle age: 8 years-old (range: 2 to 14 years); 75% were males, 25% females. Patients included in group 1: 42; patients included in group 2:97. False positive rate was 12.23%, while false negative rate was 7.19%. Sensibility was 76%, specificity was 82%, positive predictive value was 65%, negative predictive value was 88% and precision was 80%. Odds-ratio pre-test: 0.43; Odds-ratio post-test: 0.64. CONCLUSIONS: Probability of accuracy diagnosis is duplicated by ultrasonography. Liability of the test is diminished by variability due to observer.
Asunto(s)
Apendicitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
In this case report the patient had a giant saccular aneurysm caused by arteriosclerosis, located in the ascending aorta and protruding through the anterior thoracic wall, with osteolysis of the two adjacent ribs. Costal involvement in arteriosclerotic aneurysms has not been described in the literature. We review the incidence, types and clinical signs of aneurysms of the ascending aorta, emphasizing the complications caused by arteriosclerotic aneurysms.