Drug persistence with rivaroxaban therapy in atrial fibrillation patients-results from the Dresden non-interventional oral anticoagulation registry.

AIMS: Worldwide, rivaroxaban is increasingly used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (SPAF) but little is known about the rates of or reasons for rivaroxaban discontinuations in daily care. Using data from a prospective, non-interventional oral anticoagulation (NOAC) registry, we analysed rivaroxaban treatment persistence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Persistence with rivaroxaban in SPAF was assessed in an ongoing, prospective, non-interventional registry of >2600 NOAC patients from daily care using the Kaplan-Meier time-to-first-event analysis. Reasons for and management of rivaroxaban discontinuation were assessed. Potential baseline risk factors for treatment discontinuation were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Between October 2011 and April 2014, 1204 rivaroxaban SPAF patients were enrolled [39.3% switched from vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and 60.7% newly treated patients]. Of these, 223 patients (18.5%) stopped rivaroxaban during follow-up (median 544 days), which translates into a discontinuation rate of 13.6 (95% CI 11.8-15.4) per 100 patient-years. Most common reasons for treatment discontinuations were bleeding complications (30% of all discontinuations), followed by other side-effects (24.2%) and diagnosis of stable sinus rhythm (9.9%). A history of chronic heart failure (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.09-1.87; P = 0.009) or diabetes (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.06-1.82; P = 0.018) were the only statistically significant baseline risk factors for rivaroxaban discontinuation. After discontinuation of rivaroxaban, patients received antiplatelet therapy (31.8%), VKA (24.2%), another NOAC (18.4%), heparin (9.9%), or nothing (15.7%). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that overall persistence with rivaroxaban therapy is high, with a discontinuation rate of ∼15% in the first year of treatment and few additional discontinuations thereafter.

Rates, management, and outcome of rivaroxaban bleeding in daily care: results from the Dresden NOAC registry.

Worldwide, rivaroxaban is increasingly used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and treatment of venous thromboembolism, but little is known about rivaroxaban-related bleeding complications in daily care. Using data from a prospective, noninterventional oral anticoagulation registry of daily care patients (Dresden NOAC registry), we analyzed rates, management, and outcome of rivaroxaban-related bleeding. Between October 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, 1776 rivaroxaban patients were enrolled. So far, 762 patients (42.9%) reported 1082 bleeding events during/within 3 days after last intake of rivaroxaban (58.9% minor, 35.0% of nonmajor clinically relevant, and 6.1% major bleeding according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis definition). In case of major bleeding, surgical or interventional treatment was needed in 37.8% and prothrombin complex concentrate in 9.1%. In the time-to-first-event analysis, 100-patient-year rates of major bleeding were 3.1 (95% confidence interval 2.2-4.3) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and 4.1 (95% confidence interval 2.5-6.4) for venous thromboembolism patients, respectively. In the as-treated analysis, case fatality rates of bleeding leading to hospitalizations were 5.1% and 6.3% at days 30 and 90 after bleeding, respectively. Our data indicate that, in real life, rates of rivaroxaban-related major bleeding may be lower and that the outcome may at least not be worse than that of major vitamin K antagonist bleeding, and probably better. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as identifier #NCT01588119.

Safety of switching from vitamin K antagonists to dabigatran or rivaroxaban in daily care--results from the Dresden NOAC registry.

AIM: Vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) and non-vitamin-K dependent oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have been approved for anticoagulation in venous thromboembolism (VTE) and atrial fibrillation and patients previously treated with VKA are switched to NOAC therapy. Safety data for this switching are urgently needed. METHODS: Using data from a large regional prospective registry of daily care NOAC patients, we evaluated the safety of switching anticoagulation from VKA to dabigatran or rivaroxaban. Switching procedures and cardiovascular and bleeding events occurring within 30 days after switching were centrally adjudicated. RESULTS: Between 1 October 2011 and 18 June 2013, 2231 patients were enrolled. Of these, 716 patients were switched from VKA to NOAC. Only 410 of the 546 evaluable patients (75.1%) had a recorded INR measurement within the 10 days preceding or following the end of VKA treatment (mean INR 2.4). As of day 30, major bleeding complications were rare (0.3%; 95% CI 0.0, 1.0) with an overall bleeding rate of 12.2% (95% CI 9.8, 14.8). Major cardiovascular events occurred in 0.8% (95% CI 0.3, 1.8). There was no significant difference in outcome event rates between the subgroups of patients with or without INR testing. CONCLUSION: In daily care, only 75% of VKA patients have an INR measurement documented before NOAC are started. On average, NOAC are started within 2 to 5 days after the last intake of VKA. However, at 30 days follow-up cardiovascular events or major bleedings were rare both in patients with and without INR testing. However, switching procedures need to be further evaluated in larger cohorts of patients.

Peri-interventional management of novel oral anticoagulants in daily care: results from the prospective Dresden NOAC registry.

AIMS: Patients receiving novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) frequently undergo interventional procedures. Short half-lives and rapid onset of action allow for short periods of NOAC interruption without heparin bridging. However, outcome data for this approach are lacking. We evaluated the peri-interventional NOAC management in unselected patients from daily care. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effectiveness and safety data were collected from an ongoing, prospective, non-interventional registry of >2100 NOAC patients. Outcome events were adjudicated using standard event definitions. Of 2179 registered patients, 595 (27.3%) underwent 863 procedures (15.6% minimal, 74.3% minor, and 10.1% major procedures). Until Day 30 ± 5 post-procedure, major cardiovascular events occurred in 1.0% of patients [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.5-2.0] and major bleeding complications in 1.2% (95% CI 0.6-2.1). Cardiovascular and major bleeding complications were highest after major procedures (4.6 and 8.0%, respectively). Heparin bridging did not reduce cardiovascular events, but led to significantly higher rates of major bleeding complications (2.7%; 95% CI 1.1-5.5) compared with no bridging (0.5%; 0.1-1.4; P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis demonstrated diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 13.2] and major procedures (OR 7.3) as independent risk factors for cardiovascular events. Major procedures (OR 16.8) were an independent risk factor for major bleeding complications. However, if major and non-major procedures were separately assessed, heparin bridging was not an independent risk factor for major bleeding. CONCLUSION: Continuation or short-term interruption of NOAC is safe strategies for most invasive procedures. Patients at cardiovascular risk undergoing major procedures may benefit from heparin bridging, but bleeding risks need to be considered.